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Albanian Resistance
In Albania, World War II began with its invasion by Italy in April 1939. Fascist Italy set up Albania as its protectorate or puppet state. The resistance was largely carried out by Communist groups against the Italian (until 1943) and then German occupation in Albania. At first independent, the Communist groups united in the beginning of 1942, which ultimately led to the successful liberation of the country in 1944. The Center for Relief to Civilian Populations (Geneva) reported that Albania was one of the most devastated countries in Europe. 60,000 houses were destroyed and about 10% of the population was left homeless. Background In 1938, Germany annexed Austria and moved against Czechoslovakia without notifying Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in advance, so he decided in early 1939 to proceed with his own annexation of Albania. Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III criticised the plan to take Albania as an unnecessary risk. Italy, however, issued an ultimatum to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)
Albania was German-occupied Europe, occupied by Nazi Germany between 1943 and 1944 during World War II. Before the armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces on 8 September 1943, Albania had been in a ''de jure'' personal union with and was de facto under the control of the Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Kingdom of Italy. After the armistice and the Italian exit from the Axis, German military forces entered Albania and it came under German occupation, creating the client-state, the Albanian Kingdom (Albanian language, Albanian: ''Mbretëria Shqiptare''; German language, German: ''Königreich Albanien''). The Germans favoured the nationalist Balli Kombëtar over King Zog's Legality Movement, Legalists and the occupation was marked by collaboration between them and the Germans. Albania under German occupation retained control of the areas it had received during Italian rule, including most of Kosovo, as well as Western Macedo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaban Polluzha
Shaban Mustafë Kastrati (1871 – 21 February 1945), known as Shaban Polluzha, was a Kosovo Albanian military leader of Drenica Brigade which was formed in December 1944 to support the 6th Albanian communist Brigade during World War II. He served in the Royal Albanian gendarmerie and as a commander of the '' Vulnetari'' militia. He was briefly a member of the Balli Kombëtar. Early life Shaban was born in Polluzha, in the Drenica region (now central Kosovo). He came from a middle-class family and he was not educated, but as a young man he became involved in political life, which was imposed on him by the circumstances and injustices of the occupying regimes. World War I and II He fought against the Bulgarians and Austrians during the First World War, afterwards he fought for the Kaçak movement against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1924 he was part of a unit led by Azem Galica, and he covered their retreat to Albanian territory after Galica had been wounded. Shaban Polluzha w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadri Cakrani , subgroup of Islamic dervishes
{{disambiguation, surname ...
Kadri may refer to: People * Kadri (name), a personal name Places * Kadri, Mangalore, a neighbourhood in Mangalore, India See also * Kadiri, a place of Hindu pilgrimage in Andhra Pradesh, India * Balakadri, form of traditional music on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe * Qadiriyyah The Qadiriyya () or the Qadiri order () is a Sunni Sufi order (''Tariqa'') founded by Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166, also transliterated ''Jilani''), who was a Hanbali scholar from Gilan, Iran. The order, with its many sub-orders, is wides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hysni Lepenica
Hysni is an Albanian masculine given name A given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name quoted in that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a f ... and may refer to: * Hysni Curri (died 1925), Kosovar-Albanian military figure and revolutionary * Hysni Kapo (1915–1979), Albanian military commander and politician * Hysni Krasniqi (born 1942), Albanian painter and graphic artist * Hysni Milloshi (1946–2012), Albanian politician and communist activist {{given name Albanian masculine given names Masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safet Butka
Safet Butka (10 August 190119 September 1943) was an Albanian professor, politician and nationalist. Son of famous patriot Sali Butka, he organized the student demonstrations in April 1939 during the Italian invasion and was interned in Ventotene. Upon his return he organized antifascist movements in his native region and was one of the founders of the nationalist organization Balli Kombëtar. Distressed by internal civil war in Albania, he killed himself in 1943. Early life Safet Butka was born in Butkë, Kolonjë District, southern Albania on August 10, 1901. He was the fifth child of Sali Butka, a 19th-century nationalist figure, kachak, poet, and one of the delegates of the city of Korçë to the Albanian National Congress of Lushnjë.Nikolaeva Todorova Marii︠a︡''Balkan identities: nation and memory.''C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2004. , pp. 108-109. After he finished the elementary school in his native village, he went for further studies in Linz, Austria, where he fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xhem Hasa
Xhemail Hasani (1908 – 6 May 1945), known as Xhemë Hasa and Xhemë Gostivari, was an Albanian nationalist and Axis collaborator, in charge of the Balli Kombëtar's activities in the western regions of Yugoslav Macedonia, a part of Yugoslavia occupied by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany during World War II. Early life Xhem Hasa was born in the village of Simnica near Gostivar, and grew up in a poor family with many children. During his childhood, up until his early stages of adulthood, Xhem worked as a farmer on his family's farm. Exile in Albania Hasa murdered the head of the gendarmerie in Gostivar, who had abused the local Albanians, and fled through Mount Korab to Albania where he sought asylum in 1936. He lived on the outskirts of Elbasan, where he was soon joined by two of his brothers, Musli and Abdullah, and their families. Despite escaping, the Yugoslav authority put pressure on Hasa's family to convince him to return to Yugoslavia, where he would be tried for the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Këlcyra
Ali Bey Këlcyra (May 28, 1891 – September 24, 1963) born Ali Klissura, was an Albanian lord and a member of the Albanian parliament in the 1920s. He was co-founder with Mid'hat Frashëri of the Balli Kombëtar organization in 1942, and the cosigner of the Dalmazzo-Këlcyra agreement with Lorenzo Dalmazzo.European resistance movements, 1939-1945: proceedings Page 12 Biography Early life Këlcyra was born in Këlcyrë on 28 May 1891, to Xhemal bey Klissura and Hana Luarasi. He went to grammar school in Këlcyrë and then graduated from the Galatasaray High School in Istanbul, Turkey (then Ottoman Empire). He then studied political and administrative sciences at the Mülkiye school in Istanbul. After the beginning of World War I he returned to Këlcyrë. During the Greek Invasion of Albania in 1914 he went to Vlorë along with other emigrants. He met there with Prince Von Wied and the princess Sophie who had come to visit the emigrants. He left the country to go to San ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midhat Frashëri
Midhat (also spelled Medhat, Mitat, or Mithat) () is a name of Arabic origin, usually masculine, except in Pakistan. It means "praise" or "eulogy". Given names * Midhat Pasha (1822–1884), Ottoman grand vizier * Medhat Abdel-Hady (born 1974), Egyptian footballer * Midhat Şükrü Bleda (1874–1956), Turkish politician * Midhat Frashëri (1880–1949), Albanian diplomat, writer and politician * Midhat J. Gazalé (1929–2009), Egyptian international telecommunications and space consultant * Midhat Mursi Midhat Mursi al-Sayid Umar (), also known as Abu Khabab al-Masri (; 29 April 1953 in Egypt – 28 July 2008 in Pakistan) was a chemist and alleged top bomb maker for al-Qaeda and part of Osama bin Laden's inner circle. The United States had a $5 m ... (1953–2008), Egyptian chemist * Mithat Sancar (born 1963), Turkish politician * Mithat Demirel (born 1978), Basketball player * Mithat Bayrak (1929–2014) Turkish wrestler * Mithat Yasar (born 1986) Turkish football p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Nicholls (British Army Officer)
Brigadier Arthur Frederick Crane Nicholls, (6 February 1911 – 11 February 1944) was a British Army officer who was awarded the George Cross for gallantry and leadership on active service with the Special Operations Executive in Albania in 1944. He is the only member of the Coldstream Guards to have been awarded the decoration. Early life Nicholls was born in Hampstead on 6 February 1911. He attended Shardlow Hall, Marlborough College in Wiltshire and studied law at Pembroke College, Cambridge. After graduating in 1933, he worked as a stockbroker. He was commissioned into the 86th (East Anglian) (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Field Brigade, Royal Artillery, Territorial Army as a second lieutenant in August 1933, was promoted lieutenant on 3 August 1936, and transferred to the Coldstream Guards (Supplementary Reserve) in May 1937. Second World War Mobilised in 1939, Nicholls went to France with the 2nd Battalion Coldstream Guards, but was soon posted to the Headquarters of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baba Faja Martaneshi
Baba Faja Martaneshi (1910 - 18 March 1947) was an Albanian Bektashi ''baba'' (Sufi) and a resistance leader during the National Liberation War of the Albanian People. Biography Baba Faja was born Mustafa Xhani in Luz i Madh, Kavajë. He pursued religious studies to become a ''baba'' at the '' tekke'' of Martanesh, where he acquired the religious name he would become popularly known by. Following the Italian invasion of Albania he led one of the earliest guerrilla bands against the occupiers, denouncing Fascist Italy as anti-Islamic and establishing contacts with the Albanian communist movement, becoming one of the most wanted men in the country in the process. In his memoirs Enver Hoxha wrote that during the war the Baba was "one of those clergy men who wore the cap and the cloak of a dervish, but who had Albania in his heart and in his hand the rifle for its liberation. . . . edid not discard his clerical cap and robe, and he was quite right, because in this way he rendered ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haxhi Lleshi
Haxhi Lleshi (1 May 1913 – 1 January 1998) was an Albanian military leader and communist politician who served as the Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1953 to 1982. Biography He was born to a Sunni Gheg Muslim Albanian family in Dibër, North-Central Albania. In the 1920s he worked as a shepherd in his homeland. As part of the anti- Zogist movement in 1922, Lleshi's family fled to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where they settled in Debar, and later in Banjishte near Debar. From 1926 to 1931 he attended elementary school, then attended a grammar school in Albania and the second and third stages in the Serbo-Croatian language city of Debar. With the Italian invasion of Albania, Lleshi and his ''émigré'' friend Myslim Peza were sent to Albania. Lleshi received financial aid from the Yugoslavs, part of which went to sponsor the scattered anti-Italian activities in Albania; most notorious was the guerrill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
