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Albania During World War I
In World War I, Albania had been an independent state, having gained independence from the Ottoman Empire on 28 November 1912, during the First Balkan War. It was recognised by the Great Powers as the Principality of Albania, after the Ottoman Empire officially renounced all its rights in May 1913. Being a fledgling new country, it quickly unravelled and just a few months after taking power, its German ruler, Prince Wilhelm, was forced to flee. After World War I broke out, anarchy took hold of the country as tribes and regions rebelled against central rule. To protect the Greek minority, Greek control was established in the southern districts replacing the Northern Epirote units beginning in October 1914. In response to this, Italy, although officially neutral at the time, also sent troops into the port of Vlorë, while Serbia and Montenegro took control of northern regions. In 1915 Serbia was overrun by combined German, Austro-Hungarian, and Bulgarian forces; the Serbian army r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkans Theatre
The Balkans theatre or Balkan campaign was a theatre of World War I fought between the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire) and the Allies (Serbia, Montenegro, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and later, Greece). The offensive began in 1914 with three failed Austro-Hungarian offensives into Serbia. A new attempt a year later by the combined forces of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Bulgaria led to the conquest and occupation of Serbia and Montenegro. The Serbian military did not surrender, retreating through the mountains of Albania and evacuated to Corfu before reforming in Salonika a few months later. On the Macedonian front, the Royal Serbian Army joined the Franco-British Allied Army of the Orient and fought a protracted trench war against Bulgarian and German forces. The Allied army presence in Greece resulted in the National Schism on whether Greece should join the Allies or remain neutral, which would benefit the Cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Albania
The Principality of Albania () was a monarchy from 1914 to 1925. It was headed by Wilhelm, Prince of Albania, and located in modern Albania in the Balkans, Balkan region of Europe. The Ottoman Empire owned the land until the First Balkan War (1912—1913), which ended in the Treaty of London (1913), Treaty of London that formed the principality. The Principality of Albania survived invasions during World War I (1914—1918) and subsequent disputes over Albanian independence during the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference (1919—1920). In 1925, the monarchy was abolished and the Albanian Republic (1925–1928), Albanian Republic (1925—1928), a parliamentary republic and dictatorship, was declared. History After the fall of Constantinople, the land area covered by modern Albania had been under Ottoman Empire, Ottoman rule from around 1478. The Great Powers recognized the independence of Albania in the Treaty of London (1913), Treaty of London in May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmet Zog
Zog I (born Ahmed Muhtar Zogolli; 8 October 18959 April 1961) was the leader of Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939), Albania from 1922 to 1939. At age 27, he first served as Albania's youngest ever Prime Minister of Albania, Prime Minister (1922–1924), then as President of Albania, president (1925–1928), and finally as King of Albania, King (1928–1939). Born to an aristocratic beylik family in Ottoman Albania, Zogolli was active in Albanian politics from a young age and fought on the side of Austria-Hungary during the First World War. In 1922, he adopted the name Ahmed Zogu. He held various ministerial posts in the Principality of Albania, Albanian government before being driven into exile in June 1924, but returned later in the year with Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav and White movement, White Russian military support and was subsequently elected prime minister. Zogu was elected president in January 1925 and vested with dictatorial powers, with which he enacted major domestic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgi Todorov General)
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Georgi may refer to: * Georgi (given name) * Georgi (surname) See also *Georgy (other) *Georgii (other) Georgii may refer to: ;Given name * Georgii Zantaraia (born 1987), Ukrainian judoka of Georgian origin *Georgii Karpechenko (1899–1941) Russian and Soviet biologist * Georgii Frederiks (1889–1938), Russian geologist * Georgii Zeliony ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Von Mackensen
Anton Ludwig Friedrich August Mackensen (ennobled as von Mackensen in 1899; 6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), was a German field marshal. He commanded Army Group Mackensen during World War I (1914–1918) and became one of the German Empire's most prominent and competent military leaders. After the armistice of 11 November 1918, the victorious Allies interned Mackensen in Serbia for a year. In 1920, he retired from the army. In 1933 Hermann Göring made him a Prussian state councillor. During the Nazi era (1933–1945), Mackensen remained a committed monarchist and sometimes appeared at official functions in his World War I uniform. Senior Nazi Party members suspected him of disloyalty, but nothing was proven against him. Early life and career Mackensen was born in Haus Leipnitz, near the village of Dahlenberg (today part of Trossin) in the Prussian Province of Saxony, to Ludwig and Marie Louise Mackensen. His father, an administrator of agricultural enterprises, sen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Kövess Von Kövessháza
Hermann Albin Josef Freiherr Kövess von Kövessháza (; 30 March 1854 – 22 September 1924) was the final, and completely ceremonial, Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Army. He served as a generally competent and unremarkable commander in the Austro-Hungarian Army and was close to retirement in 1914. It was during this time when the First World War broke out and he was given a command post. Personal life Kövess' father was a senior military officer living in Temesvár, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (now Timișoara, Romania). His mother came from Fogaras (now Făgăraș, Romania), where her Thuringian father worked as a pharmacist; her mother was a Transylvanian Saxon from Hermannstadt (now Sibiu, Romania). He married the Baroness Eugenie Hye von Glunek in 1892 and they had 3 sons; Adalbert, who was killed in action in 1914 and Géza and Jenő who served as artillery officers. Military career He enrolled into a cadet institute at Hainburg in 1865, and, after s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaban Polluzha
Shaban Mustafë Kastrati (1871 – 21 February 1945), known as Shaban Polluzha, was a Kosovo Albanian military leader of Drenica Brigade which was formed in December 1944 to support the 6th Albanian communist Brigade during World War II. He served in the Royal Albanian gendarmerie and as a commander of the '' Vulnetari'' militia. He was briefly a member of the Balli Kombëtar. Early life Shaban was born in Polluzha, in the Drenica region (now central Kosovo). He came from a middle-class family and he was not educated, but as a young man he became involved in political life, which was imposed on him by the circumstances and injustices of the occupying regimes. World War I and II He fought against the Bulgarians and Austrians during the First World War, afterwards he fought for the Kaçak movement against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1924 he was part of a unit led by Azem Galica, and he covered their retreat to Albanian territory after Galica had been wounded. Shaban Polluzha w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azem Galica
Azem Bejta (10 December 1889 – 15 July 1924), commonly known as Azem Galica, was an Albanian nationalist, resistance fighter and rebel who fought for the unification of Kosovo with Albania. He is known for leading the Kachak Movement against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Early life Azem Bejta was born into a poor Albanian family in the village of Galicë in the broader Drenica region. His family descended from the Kuçi tribe (''fis''). He was the son of Bejta Galica, a rebel who died fighting against the Ottoman Empire and Serbian forces. Azem began fighting the Kingdom of Serbia in 1912, opposing their rule in Kosovo. Early activities Balkan Wars Azem Galica and his Kaçak fighters resisted the Serbian invasion of Kosovo during the Balkan Wars and in the early parts of World War I. World War I In the winter of 1915–1916, during World War I, Serbia was occupied by the Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary after the Central Powers won a victory in Kosovo in late November 1915 - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haxhi Qamili
Haxhi Qamili, born Qamil Zyber Xhameta, (1876 – 16 August 1915) was an Albanian rebel who was a leader of two pro-Ottoman revolts by Muslims in Albania from 1914 to 1915. He was popularly known by his religious name Haxhi Qamili, though he was also known as ''Baba Qamili'' (''Father Qamil''). Biography Early life Qamili was a villager from Sharra (in Tirana) and was the Sheikh of a '' tekke'' belonging to the Melami order of dervishes that sought social equality and rejected wealth and luxury. Peasant revolt The uprising began in mid-May 1914, but had its origins in 1913. The rebellion was mainly uphold by illiterate peasants that fearing to lose the lands they were given during the Ottoman Empire objected the laws of a foreign ruler. The uprising base was in the regions of Shijak, Kavaja and Tirana. On 3 June 1914, the rebels, who were led by mufti Musa Qazim Beqari, made their demands known at a gathering in Kavaja, among which was the overthrow of the Western-installed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essad Toptani (politician)
Essad Toptani (1863/1875 – 13 June 1920) was an Albanian politician who served as the third prime minister of Albania from 1914 to 1916. He previously established the Republic of Central Albania based in Durrës. An Ottoman army officer, he served as the Albanian deputy in the Ottoman Parliament and later cooperated with the Balkan League after the Balkan Wars. Biography Early life 
Essad Toptani was born in 1863 in ,
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Settimio Piacentini
Settimio Piacentini (6 January 1859 – 2 November 1921) was an Italian General of the Kingdom of Italy who actively participated in the World War I, especially in the Sixth and Seventh Battle of the Isonzo. In 1916 he commanded the XVI Italian Army Corps in Albania until May 1916 when he was called back to Italy to command the Fifth Army until July 1916 and then the Second Army on the Isonzo Front until June 1917. By mid 1918, he returned to Albania to become the General Commander (along with Enrico Gotti) of the Italian forces in Vlora, Albania Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ..., between 1918 and 1920. He participated in the Battle of Vlora. References External linksScheda senatore {{DEFAULTSORT:Piacentini, Settimio Italian Army generals 1859 births ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgios Kosmas
Georgios Kosmas (, 1884–1964) was a senior Hellenic Army officer who distinguished himself in the Greco-Italian War of 1940–1941, served as Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff in 1949–51, and became a Member of the Hellenic Parliament and cabinet minister. Life Georgios Kosmas was born in 1884 in the village of Falanthi in Messenia, in southern Greece. He enlisted in the Hellenic Army as a volunteer on 17 January 1904, and after studies at the NCO School, was commissioned as an Artillery Second Lieutenant on 7 July 1912 (O.S.). He participated in the Balkan Wars of 1912–13 as commander of a machine gun section, and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1913 and to Captain in 1915. He served on the Macedonian front during World War I as a staff officer, being promoted to Major in 1918. In the Asia Minor Campaign, he served as chief of staff of the 14th Infantry Division. In 1923 he was promoted to Lt. Colonel and appointed head of the committee for the determination of the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
