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Al-Itihaad Al-Islamiya
Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (AIAI; ) was an Islamist politico-military group in Somalia. Formed in 1983 through a merger of smaller Islamist groups, the organization was the most powerful Islamic movement in the country during the late 80s and early 90s. It also had the most widespread clan following of all the Islamist factions across the nation and professed the aim of creating a Somali Islamic state. In response to the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic during 1991, the organization militarized and became involved in several wars with foreign troops and Somali factions. After internal disputes over policy and several military defeats in the late 1990s, AIAI renounced the use of violence and effectively disintegrated in 1997 into other political entities. History Origins As the regime of Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre declined during the 1980s, Islamism began gaining strength throughout Somali society through various Islamic organizations. While many of the new Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Tribal War
Horn of Africa * Somali Peninsula, a region of East Africa, also known as "The Horn of Africa" * Somalis, an inhabitant or ethnicity associated with Greater Somali Region ** Greater Somalia ** Somali language, a Cushitic language ** Somali culture ** Somali cuisine ** Proto-Somali, the ancestors of modern Somalis ** Somali, plural of Somalo, former Somali currency * Somali Plate, a tectonic plate which covers the eastern part of Africa *Somalia, a country in the Horn of Africa * Somaliland, an unrecognised state in the Horn of Africa, recognised internationally as de jure part of Somalia * Somali Region, a Somali-inhabited region of Ethiopia * North Eastern Province (Kenya), a Somali-inhabited region of Kenya Other uses * Somali, a member of the Somalia Battalion, a pro-Russian military group. * , a British destroyer * Somali cat, a cat breed * Somali, a character in the manga series ''Somali and the Forest Spirit'' See also * * * Proto-Somali, an ancient people {{disambigua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic State
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadism, Salafi jihadist organization and unrecognized quasi-state. IS occupied significant territory in Iraq and Syria in 2013, but lost most of it in 2019. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself to be a worldwide caliphate, and claimed religious, political, and military authority over all Muslims worldwide, a claim not accepted by the vast majority of Muslims. It is List of designated terrorist groups, designated as a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and many countries around the world, including Muslim world, Muslim countries. By the end of 2015, its self-declared caliphate ruled an area with a population of about 12 million, where they enforced their extremist interpretation of Islamic law, managed an annual budget exceeding billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters. After a grinding co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonviolence
Nonviolence is the personal practice of not causing harm to others under any condition. It may come from the belief that hurting people, animals and/or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and it may refer to a general philosophy of abstention from violence. It may be based on moral, Religion, religious or spiritual principles, or the reasons for it may be strategy, strategic or pragmatic ethics, pragmatic. Failure to distinguish between the two types of nonviolent approaches can lead to distortion in the concept's meaning and effectiveness, which can subsequently result in confusion among the audience. Although both principled and pragmatic nonviolent approaches preach for nonviolence, they may have distinct motives, goals, philosophies, and techniques. However, rather than debating the best practice between the two approaches, both can indicate alternative paths for those who do not want to use violence. Nonviolence has "active" or "activist" elements, in that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Institute For Africa And The Orient
The Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO), known in English as the Italian Institute for Africa and the Orient, was established in Rome in 1995, as the result of the merging of (IsMEO) with the Istituto Italo-Africano (IIA). It closed in 2012. Its museum collection is now overseen by the Polo Museale del Lazio. Before it closed in 2012, the institute was active in the field of cultural promotion aimed at fostering fruitful relations between Italy and the African and Asian countries. The aims of the Institute were: to establish and implement study and research projects; to promote cultural and scientific collaboration initiatives through the exchange of information, experience and knowledge among researchers and specialists; to implement cooperation, consultancy and assistance projects, with special regard to the conservation and promotion of the heritage of the Asian countries and to carry out missions and archaeological campaigns in these countries; to carry on publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madrasa
Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , ), sometimes Romanization of Arabic, romanized as madrasah or madrassa, is the Arabic word for any Educational institution, type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary education or higher learning. In countries outside the Arab world, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the religion of Islam (loosely equivalent to a Seminary, Christian seminary), though this may not be the only subject studied. In an Islamic architecture, architectural and historical context, the term generally refers to a particular kind of institution in the historic Muslim world which primarily taught Sharia, Islamic law and Fiqh, jurisprudence (''fiqh''), as well as other subjects on occasion. The origin of this type of institution is widely credited to Nizam al-Mulk, a vizier under the Seljuk Empire, Seljuks in the 11th century, who was responsible for buildi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ogaden National Liberation Front
The Ogaden National Liberation Front, abbreviated ONLF, (, JWXO; ) is a Somali nationalist armed and political organization seeking self-determination for the Somali-inhabited Ogaden (Somali region) of eastern Ethiopia. Founded in 1984 by former members of the Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF), the ONLF initially pursued political autonomy through Ethiopia’s federal system after the collapse of the Derg regime during 1991. It won a regional majority in 1992, but growing disillusionment with the federal arrangement, political exclusion, and repression by the central government led the ONLF to launch an armed insurgency in 1994. Over the following decades, the group waged a sustained guerrilla campaign across the Somali Region, targeting Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) positions and resource extraction projects by the central government that it viewed as exploitative. In 2018, the group signed a peace agreement with the new Ethiopian government led by Abiy Ahmed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Somali Liberation Front
The Western Somali Liberation Front (; abbreviated WSLF) was a Somali nationalist movement that waged an insurgency for the independence of the Somali-inhabited Ogaden from Ethiopia and its unification with Somalia. Originating from Somali insurgent networks resisting the rule of the Ethiopian Empire in the early 1960s, the WSLF became the principal force behind the armed struggle for self-determination and independence in the Ogaden throughout the 1970s. Though a Somali oriented movement, the organization also included many members of the Harari and Oromo peoples of Ethiopia’s Muslim population who supported the Somali cause. The WSLF eventually received the backing of the Somali Democratic Republic led by Siad Barre, and played a central role in the 1977–78 Ogaden War, fighting alongside the Somali National Army (SNA) after it had launched a major invasion intended to capitalize on the success of the growing success of the WSLF insurgency. Despite early gains, the war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ogaden War
The Ogaden War, also known as the Ethio-Somali War (, ), was a military conflict between Somali Democratic Republic, Somalia and derg, Ethiopia fought from July 1977 to March 1978 over control of the sovereignty of the Ogaden region. Somalia Somali invasion of Ogaden, launched an invasion in support of the Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF) insurgency, triggering a broader inter-state war. The intervention drew the disapproval of the Soviet Union, which subsequently withdrew its support for Somalia and backed Ethiopia instead. Derg, Ethiopia was saved from defeat and permanent loss of territory through a massive airlift of military supplies worth $1 billion, the arrival of more than 12,000 Cuban military internationalism, Cuban soldiers and Airman, airmen and 1,500 Soviet Union, Soviet advisors, led by General Vasily Petrov (marshal), Vasily Petrov. On 23 January 1978, Cuba, Cuban Armoured warfare, armored Brigade, brigades inflicted the worst losses the Somali forces had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ogaden
Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled ''Ogadēn''; , ) is one of the historical names used for the modern Somali Region. It is also natively referred to as Soomaali Galbeed (). The region forms the eastern portion of Ethiopia and borders Somalia. It also includes another region to the north known as Haud. The Ogaden is a vast plateau located to the south and southeast of the Ethiopian Highlands, and is overwhelmingly inhabited by Somali people. It represents the westernmost region inhabited by the Somalis in the Horn of Africa. It is largely a semi-arid region and encompasses the plains between the border of Somalia and Ethiopia, extending towards the southeastern highlands, where larger cities like Harar and Dire Dawa are located near. The primary river in the region is the Shebelle, which is fed by temporary seasonal streams. Towards the southwestern edge of the Ogaden is the source of the Ganale Doria River, which joins Dawa River to become the major Jubba River on the So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refugee Camp
A refugee camp is a temporary Human settlement, settlement built to receive refugees and people in refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually accommodate displaced people who have fled their home country, but camps are also made for internally displaced people. Usually, refugees seek Right of asylum, asylum after they have escaped war in their home countries, but some camps also house environmental migrant, environmental and economic migrants. Camps with over a hundred thousand people are common, but as of 2012, the average-sized camp housed around 11,400. They are usually built and run by a government, the United Nations, international organizations (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross), or non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni in Greece or the Calais jungle in France, are where refugees are largely left without the support of governments or international organizations. Refugee camps generally develop in an impromptu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdulkadir Nur Farah
Sheikh Abdulkadir Nur Farah ''or'' Sheikh Abdul Qadir Nour Farah (; born 1940–2013, ) was a Somali cleric, preacher, and Islamic scholar of Dawah. Sheikh Abdulkader was assassinated by Al-Shabab in Garowe, On 15 February 2013. Early and education Sheikh Abdulkadir Nur Farah was born in the Canjeel Teelawaa in 1940, nearly the town of Eyl in the Nugal region of Puntland, Somalia. Sheikh Abdulkadir, as recounted in his memoirs compiled by Tutor Judge Mohammed Omar, states:At my birth, during the outbreak of the Second World War around 1940, I entered the world in a place called 'Canjeel Teelawaa,' near Eyl, under the rule of Mohamed Abdullah Hassan, the leader of the Dervish movement. My father, Nur Farah, was present during my upbringing. Unfortunately, he passed away when I was twenty-one. He wasn't the one who imparted life hacks to me, and we were a financially struggling family. Our possessions were limited to a small herd of sheep.He has been devoted to Islamic knowle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheikh Ali Warsame
Sheikh Ali Warsame Hassan (, ) was a Somali Islamic cleric, preacher, and scholar of Dawah, credited with being one of the first scholars to introduce the Salafi Da'wah to Somalis. He was among the most prominent of Somali scholars. A founder and emir of Al-Ittihad Al-Islamiya, he later broke ties with the group, becoming a leading figure of Jama'at al-I'tisam (''Ictisaam'') in 1996, a reformist, non-militant group. Biography Sheikh Ali Warsame was born in 1939/1940 in the outskirts of Ainabo, in the Sarar region of Somaliland. Born to a pastoral family, he spent his childhood in the countryside and raised camels for his family. His father Warsame Hassan died when he was young. Sheikh Ali Warsame belongs to the Habar Je'lo clan of the wider Isaaq clan-family. He moved to Burao to study in 1954, then Hargeisa, and later on went to study in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia in 1958, where he completed his memorization of the Quran and began studying Islamic sciences, including fiqh (ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
