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Aiud Prison
Aiud Prison is a prison complex in Aiud, Alba County, located in central Transylvania, Romania. It is infamous for the treatment of its political inmates, especially during World War II under the rule of Ion Antonescu, and later under the Communist regime. History Early days The first mention of the structure dates from 1786. From 1839 to 1849 it served as prison next to the Aiud court of law. After being devastated by fire in January 1849, a new prison was built in 1857, and completed in 1860. An isolation unit, named Zarca (from the Hungarian zárka, meaning solitary), was added in 1881–1882. Finally, between 1889 and 1892, a T-shaped unit with 312 individual cells was erected. Gheorghe Șincai was a prisoner at Aiud in 1794–1795. The interwar and World War II During the period 1926–1943, some 143 Communist activists were imprisoned at Aiud peninteciary. Moreover, after the defeat of the Legionnaires' rebellion in 1941, Iron Guard members were also detained there. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aiud
Aiud (; , , Hungarian pronunciation: ; ) is a city located in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. The city's population is 21,307 (2021). It has the status of municipiu. The city derives its name ultimately from Saint Giles (Aegidius), to whom the first church in the settlement was dedicated when built. Administration Aiud is made up of the city proper and of ten villages. These are divided into four urban villages and six villages which are located outside the city proper but fall under its administration. The four urban villages are: Aiudul de Sus, Gâmbaș, Măgina, and Păgida. The rural villages are: Ciumbrud (), Sâncrai (), Gârbova de Jos (), Țifra (), Gârbova de Sus () and Gârbovița (). Demographics At the 2021 census, Aiud had a population of 21,307. In 2016, the total population was 26,296, of which 12,900 were male and 13,396 female. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memorial Of The Victims Of Communism And Of The Resistance
The exterior of the Sighet Memorial Museum in Sighetu Marmației The Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance () in Romania consists of the Sighet Museum (often confused with the Memorial), located in the city of Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș County, and the International Centre for Studies into Communism, located in Bucharest. International Centre for Studies into Communism The Centre was founded in 1993 by Ana Blandiana and . Created and administered by the Civic Academy Foundation, it is an institute of research, museography and education. Sighet Memorial Museum The museum was created by the Centre for Studies into Communism out of the remnants of the former Sighet Prison in 1993. The restoration of the prison building was completed in 2000. Each prison cell became a museum room, which together presented the chronology of the totalitarian system in Communist Romania. In 1998, the Council of Europe identified the Sighet Memorial as one of the main si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ștefan Koller
Ștefan is the Romanian form of Stephen, used as both a given name and a surname. For the English version, see Stefan. Some better known people with the name Ștefan are listed below. For a comprehensive list see . Notable persons with that name include: People with the given name People with the surname *Aurel Ștefan (born 1950), fencer *Iulian Teodor Ștefan (born 1980), footballer See also * Ștefănescu (surname) * Ștefănești (other) * Ștefania (name) * Ștefan cel Mare (other) * Ștefan Vodă Ștefan Vodă () is a city and the administrative centre of Ștefan Vodă District, Moldova. History Ștefan Vodă appeared on a map of the region for the first time in 1884, and was then resettled in 1909 as a small German colony. The town was ..., name of several villages in Romania {{DEFAULTSORT:Stefan Surnames Romanian-language surnames Romanian masculine given names Masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Literature And The History Of Ideas
A journal, from the Old French ''journal'' (meaning "daily"), may refer to: *Bullet journal, a method of personal organization *Diary, a record of personal secretive thoughts and as open book to personal therapy or used to feel connected to oneself. A record of what happened over the course of a day or other period *Daybook, also known as a general journal, a daily record of financial transactions *Logbook, a record of events important to the operation of a vehicle, facility, or otherwise *Transaction log, a chronological record of data processing *Travel journal, a record of the traveller's experience during the course of their journey In publishing, ''journal'' can refer to various periodicals or serials: *Academic journal, an academic or scholarly periodical **Scientific journal, an academic journal focusing on science **Medical journal, an academic journal focusing on medicine **Law review, a professional journal focusing on legal interpretation *Magazine, non-academic or scho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Re-education In Communist Romania
Re-education in Romanian communist prisons was a series of processes initiated after the establishment of the communist regime at the end of World War II that targeted people who were considered hostile to the Romanian Communist Party, primarily members of the fascist Iron Guard, as well as other political prisoners, both from established prisons and from labor camps. The purpose of the process was the indoctrination of the hostile elements with the Marxist–Leninist ideology, that would lead to the crushing of any active or passive resistance movement. Reeducation was either non-violent – e.g., via communist propaganda – or violent, as it was done at the Pitești and Gherla prisons. Theoretical background Philosopher Mircea Stănescu claimed that the theoretical foundation for the communist version of the reeducation process was provided by the principles defined by Anton Semioniovici Makarenko, a Russian educator born in Ukraine in 1888. This claim was disputed by histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adevărul
(; meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled ''Adevĕrul'') is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest. Founded in Iași, in 1871, and reestablished in 1888, in Bucharest, it was the main left-wing press venue to be published during the Kingdom of Romania, Romanian Kingdom's existence, adopting an independent pro-Democracy, democratic position, advocating Land reform in Romania, land reform, and demanding universal suffrage. Under its successive editors Alexandru Beldiman and Constantin Mille, it became noted for its virulent criticism of King of Romania, King Carol I of Romania, Carol I. This stance developed into a Republicanism, republican and Socialism, socialist agenda, which made clash with the Kingdom's authorities on several occasions. As innovative publications which set up several local and international records during the early 20th century, and its sister daily ''Dimineața'' competed for the top position with the right-wing ''Universul'' before and throughout the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Anti-communist Resistance Movement
The Romanian anti-communist resistance movement began in 1944 as Soviet troops entered Romania and was active from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, with isolated individual fighters remaining at large until the early 1960s. Armed resistance was the first and most structured form of resistance against the Romanian People's Republic, which in turn regarded the fighters as "bandits". It was not until the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu in late 1989 that details about what was called "anti-communist armed resistance" were made public. It was only then that the public learned about the several small armed groups, which sometimes termed themselves "hajduks", that had taken refuge in the Carpathian Mountains, where some hid for ten years from authorities. The last fighter was eliminated in the mountains of Banat in 1962. The Romanian resistance was one of the longest lasting armed movements in the former Eastern Bloc. Some academics argue that the extent and influence of the movement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolae Mărgineanu (psychologist)
Nicolae Mărgineanu (June 22, 1905 – June 13, 1980) was a Romanian psychologist. In his publications, he incorporated concepts from philosophy, literature, science and logic. A key work, ''Psihologia persoanei'' (1940), focuses on the uniqueness of the individual and his development. Early life and education He was born on June 22, 1905 in Obreja, Alsó-Fehér County (now in Alba County), in the Transylvania region of Austria-Hungary. Mărgineanu attended high school in nearby Blaj and in Orăștie. He graduated from the psychology faculty of the University of Cluj in 1927, followed by a doctorate in 1929. In 1931 he became a docent of psychology. He attended training in Leipzig, Berlin, and Hamburg (1929), at the Sorbonne (1935) and in London (1935). He obtained a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship (the first Romanian to hold such a fellowship), which allowed him to conduct research at Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Chicago, and Duke Universities (1932–1934). He was instructor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mircea Vulcănescu
Mircea Aurel Vulcănescu (3 March 1904 – 28 October 1952) was a Romanian philosopher, economist, ethics teacher, sociologist, and politician. Undersecretary at the Ministry of Finance from 1941 to 1944 in the Nazi-aligned government of Ion Antonescu, he was arrested in 1946 and convicted as a war criminal. Biography He was born in Bucharest on March 3, 1904, the second child of Mihail Vulcănescu, a financial controller with the Ministry of Finance, and Maria, the descendant of a family of landowners from the Olt area. After the German Army occupied Bucharest in World War I, the family took refuge in 1917 in ZvoriÈ™tea, a village in northern Moldavia. Mircea Vulcănescu attended gymnasium in IaÈ™i and Tecuci, and went to high school in GalaÈ›i before returning to Bucharest at the end of the war. He completed his secondary education at Gheorghe Lazăr High School and Mihai Viteazul High School, defending his baccalaureate in 1921. He studied philosophy and law at the Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humanitas (publishing House)
Humanitas () is an independent Romanian publishing house, located at Piața Presei Libere 1 (House of the Free Press), Bucharest. It was founded on February 1, 1990 (after the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Romanian Revolution) by the philosopher Gabriel Liiceanu, based on a state-owned publishing house, Editura Politică. Its slogan is ''Humanitas, bunul gust al libertății'' ("Humanitas, the good taste of freedom"). During its first years, Humanitas mainly published authors from the Romanian diaspora, whose works had been subject to censorship or banning in Communist Romania; they include Emil Cioran, Mircea Eliade, and Eugène Ionesco. Currently, Humanitas publishes literature, books on philosophy, religion, Social sciences, social and political sciences, history, memoirs, popular science, children's literature, and self-help books. Main Romanian authors published by Humanitas * Lucian Blaga * Ana Blandiana * Lucian Boia * Matei Călinescu * Mircea Cărtărescu * Emil Cioran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Of Holies
The Holy of Holies ( or ''Kodesh HaKodashim''; also ''hadDəḇīr'', 'the Sanctuary') is a term in the Hebrew Bible that refers to the inner sanctuary of the Tabernacle, where the Shekhinah (God in Judaism, God's presence) appeared. According to Hebrew tradition, the area was defined by four pillars that held up the veil of the covering, under which the Ark of the Covenant was held above the floor. According to the Hebrew Bible, the Ark contained the Ten Commandments, which were given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai (Bible), Mount Sinai. The first Temple in Jerusalem, called Solomon's Temple, was said to have been built by Solomon, King Solomon to keep the Ark. Ancient Judaism, Jewish traditions viewed the Holy of Holies as the spiritual junction of Heaven and Earth, the "axis mundi". As a part of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, the Holy of Holies was situated somewhere on Temple Mount; its precise location in the Mount being a matter of dispute, with some classical Jewish sour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Ioanid
Ion Ioanid (28 March 1926 – 12 October 2003) was a Romanian dissident and writer. Ioanid was a political prisoner of the Communism in Romania, communist-led regime after World War II, who spent 12 years in prison and labor camps. He is best known for taking part in the 1953 Cavnic Lead mine prison camps in Communist Romania, lead mine labor camp escape and for his book "Give us each day our daily prison" (''Închisoarea noastră cea de toate zilele''), a reference to the verse from the Christianity, Christian Lord's Prayer. The book is a comprehensive recollection of his time spent in Detention (imprisonment), detention. He is considered a Romanians, Romanian Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Solzhenitsyn, as his description of the communist detention regime in Romania is the most detailed one submitted by one of its victims. Biography Ioanid was born on 28 March 1926 at his father's estate in Ilovăț village, Mehedinți County. His godfather was Octavian Goga, a friend of his father, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
