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Ahmad Of Bornu
Ahmad (Aḥmad bin ''ʿ''Alī), also called Ahmad Alimi, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1791–1808. Life Ahmad succeeded his father Ali IV as ''mai'' in 1791. Ahmad was a pious and gentle scholar, not a military man. Ahmad ruled a severely weakend Kanem–Bornu Empire. In the decades prior to Ahmad's reign, the empire had suffered defeats against the Mandara Kingdom to the southwest. The empire may have suffered from a plague during Ahmad's reign, leaving it vulnerable to attack. Near the end of Ahmad's reign, by 1807 at the latest, the Kanem–Bornu Empire became threatened by the Fula jihads. When Daura was attacked by Fulani forces, Ahmad sent assistance to the town. To Ahmad's eyes, the Fulani attacks in his realm amounted to a Fulani revolt against his rule. Ahmad sent a letter to Usman dan Fodio, commander of the movement, inquiring of the cause of the attacks. Ahmad stated that his people were Muslim, that he considered himself to be the Commander of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali IV Of Bornu
Ali IV (''ʿ''Alī bin Ḥamdūn or ''ʿ''Alī bin al-Ḥājj Dunama) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1750–1791. Life Ali IV succeeded Dunama VIII Gana as ''mai'' in 1750. He was the son of ''mai'' Hamdan (r. 1726–1731), who is also called Dunama in some sources. Ali's reign is noted for repeated conflicts with the Mandara Kingdom to the southwest of Bornu. Mandara and the densely populated pagan lands surrounding it was attractive as an area for slave raids. Ali launched several campaigns against Mandara. Most of his wars were unsuccessful; in one of the campaigns Ali himself was wounded and much of his army perished. In 1781, a Mandara army invaded Bornu itself and killed many of its soldiers. Ali's defeats seriously weakened the Kanem–Bornu Empire and made it more vulnerable to the Fula jihads, which would sweep through the region a few decades after Ali's death. Ali was succeeded by his son Ahmad Ahmad () is an Arabic male given name common in mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama IX Lefiami
Dunama IX Lefiami (Dunama Lefiami bin Aḥmad) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1808–1811 and 1814–1817. Dunama came to power after his elderly father, Ahmad, decided to abdicate in the aftermath of the Fulani capture and destruction of Ngazargamu, the empire's capital. Dunama led resistance against the invaders and turned the tide with the recruitment of religious scholar and military leader Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi. With al-Kanemi's aid, the Fulani were largely repelled from imperial territory and Dunama restored to power. Dunama came to increasingly rely on al-Kanemi for the defense of the empire against further Fulani attacks, leading to al-Kanemi amassing unprecedented power and influence. Al-Kanemi's increasing influence and Dunama's failure to settle on a new capital raised questions about his leadership among his courtiers. In 1811, Dunama was deposed by his own courtiers in a palace revolt, replaced as ''mai'' with his uncle Muhammad IX Ngileruma. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim IV Of Bornu
Ibrahim IV (Ibrāhīm bin Aḥmad) was the penultimate '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, ruling 1817–1846. Ibrahim served as little more than a ceremonial puppet ruler under the ''shehu''s Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi and Umar ibn Muhammad al-Amin. He attempted to reassert the traditional power of the ''mai'' twice, first in 1837 and then in 1846, but was killed during the second attempt. Ibrahim was only briefly succeeded by his son, Ali V Minargema, before the office of ''mai'' was abolished for good. Life Accession to the throne Ibrahim was the younger brother of his predecessor, Dunama IX Lefiami. In the early 19th century, Dunama had called on the religious scholar and military leader Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi for help against the Fula jihads. Although al-Kanemi managed to save the empire, he also gradually usurped power under the new title of '' shehu''. In 1817, Dunama plotted to restore his power, secretly inviting the Sultanate of Bagirmi to invade the empire an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandara Kingdom
The Mandara Kingdom (sometimes called Wandala or the Kingdom of Medra) was an African kingdom in the Mandara Mountains of what is today Cameroon. The Mandara people are descended from the kingdom's inhabitants. History Tradition states that Mandara was founded shortly before 1500 by a female ruler named ''Soukda'' and a non-Mandarawa hunter named ''Gaya''. The kingdom was first referred to by Fra Mauro (in 1459) and Leo Africanus (in 1526); the provenance of its name remains uncertain. Medra is mostly likely the original name of Mandara, one letter being obliterated in Leo's Arabic notes. Leo acknowledges the Kingdom of Medra (Mandara) for their good governors and rulers. The inhabitants of Medra are rich and industrious people, visited often, and great lovers of justice and equity. The region of Medra is listed on the Africae Tabula Nova in 1570. Leo Africanus visited the Kingdom of Medra, located in the south. For the kingdom's first century of history, its rulers warr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fula Jihads
The Fula (or Fulani) jihads () sometimes called the Fulani revolution were a series of jihads that occurred across West Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries, led largely by the Muslim Fula people, Fulani people. The jihads and the jihad states came to an end with Scramble for Africa, European colonization. The earliest Fulbe polity was established in Bundu (state), Bundu in 1690. The first armed uprising took place in Futa Jallon in 1725, when Fula pastoralists, assisted by Muslim traders, rose against the indigenous chiefdoms. By 1750, the Fula had established the Imamate of Futa Jallon and placed the region under sharia law. Their success inspired the Toucouleur people, Toucouleurs on the banks of the lower Senegal river, Senegal to establish their own state, the Imamate of Futa Toro, through a series of wars between 1769 and 1776. In the early 19th century, the jihad movement spread eastward to the Hausa states. The revolutionary Usman dan Fodio, through Fulani War, a ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daura
Daura is a town and local government area in Katsina State, northern Nigeria. It is the spiritual home of the Hausa people. The emirate is referred to as one of the "seven true Hausa states" ( Hausa Bakwai) because it was(along with Biram, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Gobir, and Rano), ruled by the descendants of Bayajidda's sons with Daurama and Magira (his first wife). The University of California's African American Studies Department refers to Daura, as well as Katsina, as having been "ancient seats of Islamic culture and learning." History The original people who inherited Daura were called the Hausa people Daura is the city that, according to legend (in about the 9th century), Bayajidda, a figure from Hausa mythology, arrived at after his trek across the Sahara. Once there, he killed a snake (named Sarki, meaning "King") who prevented the people from drawing water from the well, and the local queen, Magajiya Daurama, married him out of gratitude; one of their seven chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usman Dan Fodio
Shehu Usman dan Fodio (; full name; 15 December 1754 – 20 April 1817). (Uthman ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman ibn Saalih ibn Haarun ibn Muhammad Ghurdu ibn Muhammad Jubba ibn Muhammad Sambo ibn Maysiran ibn Ayyub ibn Buba Baba ibn Musa Jokolli ibn Imam Dembube`) was a Fulani scholar, Islamic religious teacher, poet, revolutionary and a philosopher who founded the Sokoto Caliphate and ruled as its first caliph. After the successful revolution, the "Jama'a" gave him the title Amir al-Mu'minin (commander of the faithful). He rejected the throne and continued calling to Islam. Born in Gobir, Usman was a descendant of the Torodbe clans of urbanized ethnic Fulani people living in the Hausa Kingdoms since the early 1400s. In early life, Usman became well educated in Islamic studies and soon, he began to preach Sunni Islam throughout territories that would later become parts of independent Nigeria and Cameroon. He wrote more than a hundred books concerning religion, government, cultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commander Of The Faithful
() or Commander of the Faithful is a Muslim title designating the supreme leader of an Islamic community. Name Although etymologically () is equivalent to English "commander", the wide variety of its historical and modern use allows for a range of translations. The historian H.A.R. Gibb, however, counsels against the translation "Prince of the Believers" as "neither philologically nor historically correct". History The title was used for Muslim military commanders during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad. It was, for example, borne by the Muslim commander at the Battle of al-Qadisiyya. On his accession in 634, the second caliph Umar () adopted the title. This was likely not for its military connotation, but rather deriving from a Quranic injunction to "Obey God and obey the Apostle and those invested with command among you" ( Sura 4, verses 58–62). According to Fred M. Donner, the title's adoption marked a step in the centralization of the nascent Muslim state, as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguru, Nigeria
Nguru (or N'Gourou) is a Local Government Area in Yobe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Nguru near the Hadejia River at . It has an area of 916 km and a population of 270,632. The postal code of the area is 630. The town probably dates from around the 15th century. There is a variety of landscape types in the area, including the protected Hadejia-Nguru wetlands of Nguru Lake, and the "Sand Dunes", a semi-desert area. Climate Transport Nguru is the terminus of the Western Railway of Nigeria. See also * List of Local Government Areas in Yobe State See also * Railway stations in Nigeria Railway stations in Nigeria include: Maps UN MapUNHCR Atlas Map Cities served by rail The East (E) and West (W) lines are connected by the Link Line. West Line * Apapa (W) - Lagos. Port ; flour mill ; oil terminals * Lagos (W) (0&nbs ... * Federal Medical Centre, Nguru References Populated places in Yobe State {{Yobe-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
