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Agrocybe Pediades
''Agrocybe pediades'', commonly known as the common fieldcap or common agrocybe, is a species of fungus. It was first described as ''Agaricus pediades'' by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1821, and moved to its current genus, ''Agrocybe'', by Victor Fayod in 1889. A synonym for this mushroom is ''Agrocybe semiorbicularis'', though some guides list these separately. It can be found on grassland. It is potentially edible, but it could be confused with poisonous species, including one of the genus ''Hebeloma''. Description The mushroom cap is 1–3 cm wide, round to convex (flattening with age), pale yellow to orange-brown, smooth, sometimes cracked, and tacky with moisture but otherwise dry. The stalks are 2–7 cm tall and 1–4 mm wide. A partial veil quickly disappears, leaving traces on the cap's edge, but no ring on the stem. The cap's odor and taste are mild or mealy. The spores are brown, elliptical, and smooth, producing a brown spore print ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. Career Fries was born at Femsjö ( Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he obtained a doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor (Swed. ''Borgströmianska professuren'', a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849. That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiospore
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. Typically, four basidiospores develop on appendages from each basidium, of which two are of one strain and the other two of its opposite strain. In gills under a cap of one common species, there exist millions of basidia. Some gilled mushrooms in the order Agaricales have the ability to release billions of spores. The puffball fungus '' Calvatia gigantea'' has been calculated to produce about five trillion basidiospores. Most basidiospores are forcibly discharged, and are thus considered ballistospores. These spores serve as the main air dispersal units for the fungi. The spores are released during periods of high humidity and generally have a night-time or pre-dawn peak concentration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strophariaceae
The Strophariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Under an older classification, the family covered 18 genera and 1316 species. The species of Strophariaceae have red-brown to dark brown spore prints, while the spores themselves are smooth and have an apical germ pore. These agarics are also characterized by having a cutis-type pileipellis. Ecologically, all species in this group are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter. The family was circumscribed in 1946 by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith. Genera * The genus '' Stropharia'' mainly consists of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous annulus. Spore-print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown, except for a few species with rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group, as presently delimited, is polyphyletic. Members of the core clade of ''Stropharia'' are characterized by crystalline acanthocytes among the hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawn
A lawn is an area of soil-covered land planted with grasses and other durable plants such as clover which are maintained at a short height with a lawnmower (or sometimes grazing animals) and used for aesthetic and recreational purposes. Lawns are usually composed only of grass species, subject to weed and pest control, maintained in a green color (e.g., by watering), and are regularly mowed to ensure an acceptable length. Lawns are used around houses, apartments, commercial buildings and offices. Many city parks also have large lawn areas. In recreational contexts, the specialised names turf, pitch, field or green may be used, depending on the sport and the continent. The term "lawn", referring to a managed grass space, dates to at least than the 16th century. With suburban expansion, the lawn has become culturally ingrained in some areas of the world as part of the desired household aesthetic.Robbins, PaulLawn People: How Grasses, Weeds, and Chemicals Make Us Who We A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypholoma Tuberosum
''Hypholoma'' is a genus of fungi which are quite well known due to the commonness of sulphur tuft (''Hypholoma fasciculare'') on stumps in temperate woodlands. Species in this genus are easily recognizable because the dark spores create a distinctive greenish effect on the yellow cap underside. ''Hypholoma'' means "mushrooms with threads" because of the thread-like veil that connects the cap to the stem when young and for the bundles of rhizomorphs which radiate outwards from the stem base.Paul Stamets''Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms'' p. 239, Ten Speed Press, 3rd ed. (2000), Other well-known species are '' H. capnoides'' and '' H. lateritium''. Synonyms Sometimes ''Hypholoma'' has not been considered a genus in its own right, but it has been grouped together with ''Stropharia'' and ''Psilocybe'' under the name of ''Geophila'', ''Naematoloma'', or ''Nematoloma''. General characteristics * The fruiting bodies mostly have a central stipe. Some are medium-siz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agrocybe Putaminum
''Agrocybe putaminum'', commonly known as the mulch fieldcap, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Strophariaceae in the '' Agrocybe sororia'' complex. Described as new to science in 1913, it is found in Asia, Australia, Europe, and western North America, where it grows in parks, gardens, and roadsides in woodchip mulch. Fruitbodies of the fungus have a dull brownish-orange cap with a matte texture, a grooved stipe, and a bitter, mealy taste. Taxonomy First described as ''Naucoria putaminum'' by French mycologist René Maire in 1913, from garden soil that was covered in plum stones. It was transferred to the genus ''Agrocybe'' by Rolf Singer in 1936. It is commonly known as the mulch fieldcap. Description Fruitbodies have a convex cap that later flattens out in maturity, sometimes developing a shallow umbo; the cap attains a diameter of . Its color is initially dark brown, but fades to pale yellowish tan in age. The cap surface is smooth, matte, and is finely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agrocybe Praecox
''Agrocybe praecox'' is a species of brown-spored mushroom which appears early in the year in woods, gardens and fields. According to modern taxonomic analysis, it is just one of a cluster of closely similar species which are often referred to as the ''Agrocybe praecox'' complex. It is found in Europe, North Africa and North America. Description ''Agrocybe praecox'' belongs to a group of species which are difficult to distinguish consistently. The following description combines several references. *Cap: up to , convex, smooth, beige when dry and yellowish brown when imbued with moisture. Veil remnants are often visible around the rim. *Gills: Initially whitish, later dark brown. *Stem: Pale, (occasionally up to around ), quite thick (to about 1 cm) with a fragile ring. Often with mycelial cords at the base. *Odor and taste: Floury. Taste may be bitter. *Spores: 8–10 x 5–7 μm, ellipsoid, dark brown (en masse). *Habitat: Gregarious in grass or on wood debris in woo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FalconGuide
Globe Pequot is a book publisher and distributor of outdoor recreation and leisure titles that publishes 500 new titles. Globe Pequot was acquired by Morris Communications Morris Communications, headquartered in Augusta, Georgia, is a privately held media company with diversified holdings that include magazine publishing, outdoor advertising, book publishing and distribution, visitor publications, and online serv ... in 1997. Lyons Press was acquired in 2001. It was sold to Rowman & Littlefield in 2014. Imprints Globe Pequot publishes several imprints, including '' Prometheus Books'' ''Lyons Press'', ''FalconGuides'', ''Knack'', and ''Insiders' Guide''. References External links *{{Official website, http://globepequot.com Companies based in New Haven County, Connecticut Morris Communications Publishing companies of the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheilocystidia
A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood. Classification of cystidia By position Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or on the stipe (caulocystidia). Especially the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are important for identification within many genera. Sometimes the cheilocystidia give the gill edge a distinct colour which is visible to the naked eye or wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidia
A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly-coiled secondary myceliuma dikaryon. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores; occasionally the number may be two or even eight. In a typical basidium, each basidiospore is borne at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (), and is forcibly discharged upon maturity. The word ''basidium'' literally means "little pedestal", from the way in which the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure more closely resembles a club. An immature basidium is known as a basidiole. Structure Most basidiomycota have single celled basidia (holobasidia), but in some groups basidia can be multic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germ Pore
A germ pore is a small pore in the outer wall of a fungal spore through which the germ tube exits upon germination. It can be apical or eccentric in its location, and, on light microscopy, may be visualized as a lighter coloured area on the cell wall. Apical germ pore is mushroom spore which has a pore at one end. Some spores have a hole in the cell wall where the first strand of germinating mycelium emerges. If the cell wall is divided from one end to the other, this is called a germ slit. Commonly the germ pore is at one end of the mushroom spore and is called an apical pore. Mushroom genera with apical germ pores include '' Agrocybe'', '' Panaeolus'', '' Psilocybe'', and '' Pholiota''. See also * mycelium * spore External linksIMA Mycological Glossary: Germ pore Fungal morphology and anatomy {{mycology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore Print
300px, Making a spore print of the mushroom ''Volvariella volvacea'' shown in composite: (photo lower half) mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; (photo upper half) cap removed after 24 hours showing pinkish-tan spore print. A 3.5-centimeter glass slide placed in middle allows for examination of spore characteristics under a microscope. image:spore Print ID.gif, 300px, A printable chart to make a spore print and start identification The spore print is the powdery deposit obtained by allowing spores of a fungal sporocarp (fungi), fruit body to fall onto a surface underneath. It is an important diagnostic character in most handbooks for identifying mushrooms. It shows the colour of the mushroom spores if viewed en masse. Method A spore print is made by placing the spore-producing surface flat on a sheet of dark and white paper or on a sheet of clear, stiff plastic, which facilitates moving the spore print to a darker or lighter surface for improved contrast; for example, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
