Agnes Of Merania (1215–1263)
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Agnes Of Merania (1215–1263)
::''See also Agnes of Merania.'' Agnes of Merania ( 1215 – 7 January 1263) was a member of the House of Andechs and an Austrian royal consort. By her two marriages, she was Duchess of Austria from 1230 until 1243 and Duchess of Carinthia from 1256 until her death. Family Agnes was a daughter of Duke Otto I of Merania and Countess Beatrice II of Burgundy, a member of the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen. By her father, she was a granddaughter of Agnes of Wettin. Her aunts were Agnes Maria of Andechs-Merania, Queen consort of France, Gertrude of Merania, Queen consort of Hungary, and Hedwig of Silesia, duchess consort of Poland, later canonized as saint. By her mother, Agnes was also a great-grandchild of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Her brother Otto II (d. 1248) succeeded their father as Duke of Merania and Count of Burgundy, while her sister Beatrix (d. 1271) married the Ascanian count Herman II of Weimar-Orlamünde. Her younger sister Adelaide (d. 1279) married Count ...
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Agnes Of Merania
Agnes of Merania (1175 – July 1201) was Queen of France by marriage to King Philip II. She is called Marie by some of the French chroniclers. Biography Agnes Maria was the daughter of Berthold, Duke of Merania and Agnes of Rochlitz. In June 1196, Agnes married Philip II of France, who had repudiated his second wife Ingeborg of Denmark in 1193. Pope Innocent III espoused the cause of Ingeborg; but Philip did not submit until 1200, when, nine months after interdict had been added to excommunication, he consented to a separation from Agnes. Agnes died, possibly in childbirth, in July of the next year, at the castle of Poissy, and was buried in the Convent of St. Corentin, near Nantes Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a pop .... Family Agnes and Philip had two childre ...
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Duchy Of Merania
The Duchy of Merania was a fiefdom of the Holy Roman Empire from 1152 until 1248. The dukes of Merania were recognised as princes of the Empire enjoying imperial immediacy at a time when these concepts were just coming into use to distinguish the highest ranks of imperial nobility. The name "Merania" ("sea-land") comes from either the High German word for sea, ''meer'' or the Slavic word for the same, ''morje'' (both cognate with Latin ''mare''). The name literally means "land by the sea" (''am Meer''), referring to its location on the Adriatic. Territory The exact territorial extent of Merania is unknown. It probably included the town of Fiume (Rijeka) and the coast of the Kvarner Gulf, either on the Istrian peninsula or across from it. The author of the '' Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris'', an account of Barbarossa's crusade of 1190, writing around 1200, refers to "the Duke of Dalmatia, also called Croatia or Merania", specifying (imprecisely) that the duch ...
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Margaret Of Austria, Queen Of Bohemia
Margaret of Austria (; – 29 October 1266), a member of the House of Babenberg, was German queen from 1225 until 1235, by her first marriage with King Henry (VII), and Queen of Bohemia from 1253 to 1260, by her second marriage with King Ottokar II. Biography Margaret was the eldest daughter of Duke Leopold VI of Austria (d. 1230) and his wife Theodora Angelina, a member of the Byzantine Imperial Angelus dynasty. Since 1198 Duke Leopold, according to the Georgenberg Pact, ruled over both the duchies of Austria and Styria. His court in Vienna became known as a centre of medieval Minnesang and he also played an important rule in the Empire's policies, acting as an arbitrator in the struggle between the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX. First marriage In the Imperial City of Nuremberg, on 29 November 1225, the 21-year-old Margaret was married to the 14-year-old Henry, eldest son of Emperor Frederick II and elected King of the Romans since 1222. Fre ...
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Battle Of The Leitha River
The Battle of the Leitha River was fought on 15 June 1246 near the banks of the Leitha river between the forces of the King Béla IV of Hungary and Duke Frederick II of Austria. The Hungarian army was routed, but Duke Frederick was killed, ending Austrian claims to the western counties of Hungary. Its exact location is unknown; according to the description delivered by contemporary ''minnesinger'' Ulrich von Liechtenstein the battlefield may have been between the towns of Ebenfurth and Neufeld. After their defeat at the 955 Battle of Lechfeld, the Magyars had discontinued their attacks on Germany and settled in the former Roman province of Pannonia, where they established the Kingdom of Hungary. The adjacent territories west of the Leitha were incorporated as the March of Styria into the Holy Roman Empire. In 1180 Emperor Frederick Barbarossa raised the Styrian lands to a duchy, which in 1192 was acquired by the Austrian dukes from the House of Babenberg. Since 1241 the Hung ...
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Béla IV Of Hungary
Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of Andrew II of Hungary, King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father's lifetime in 1214. His father, who strongly opposed Béla's coronation, refused to give him a province to rule until 1220. In this year, Béla was appointed Duke of Slavonia, also with jurisdiction in Croatia and Dalmatia. Around the same time, Béla married Maria Laskarina, Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea. From 1226, he governed Transylvania as Duke of Transylvania, duke. He supported Christian missions among the pagan Cumans who dwelled in the plains to the east of his province. Some Cuman chieftains acknowledged his suzerainty and he adopted the title of King of Cumania in 1233. King Andrew died on 21 September 1235 and Béla succeeded him. He attempted to restore royal ...
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Windic March
The Windic March (; also known as Wendish March) was a medieval frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, roughly corresponding to the Lower Carniola () region in present-day Slovenia. In Slovenian historiography, it is known as the Slovene March ( or ''Slovenska krajina''). Etymology The name ''Windic'' is derived from Wends (), the name for Western Slavs settling in the '' Germania Slavica'' contact zone. The medieval German term ' referred to the Slovene language, but also to Slavic languages in general. It has the same etymology as ', the historic German term for the Sorbian-speaking population in Lusatia. In the 6th and 7th century the term was used by Bavarian settlers to refer to the Slavic population in the East Alpine principality of Carantania. The medieval geographic term ' referred also to the region of Slavonia. In this usage, ''March'' is defined as a frontier or border area between two countries or territories. History Earliest mentions The Chronicle of Fredeg ...
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March Of Carniola
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. History The name of March comes from '' Martius'', the first month of the earliest Roman calendar. It was named after Mars, the Roman god of war, and an ancestor of the Roman people through his sons Romulus and Remus. His month ''Martius'' was the beginning of the season for warfare, and the festivals held in his honor during the month were mirrored by others in October, when the season for these activities came to a close. ''Martius'' remained the first month of the Roman calendar year perhaps as late as 153 BC, and several reli ...
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Theodore I Laskaris
Theodore I Laskaris or Lascaris (; 1175November 1221) was the first emperor of Nicaea—a successor state of the Byzantine Empire—from 1205 to his death. Although he was born to an obscure aristocratic family, his mother was related to the imperial Komnenos clan. He married Anna, a younger daughter of Emperor Alexios III Angelos in 1200. He received the title of despot before 1203, demonstrating his right to succeed his father-in-law on the throne. The Fourth Crusade forced AlexiosIII to flee from Constantinople in 1203. Theodore was imprisoned by the crusaders (commonly referred to as "Latins" by the Byzantines), but he escaped. After crossing the Bosporus into Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey), he started to organise the local Greeks' resistance against the Latins in Bithynia in his father-in-law's name. He concluded an alliance with the Seljuq sultan of Rum, but he could not stop the Latins' expansion. Neither could he prevent a claimant to the imperial t ...
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Leopold VI, Duke Of Austria
Leopold VI (15 October 1176 – 28 July 1230), known as Leopold the Glorious, was Duke of Styria from 1194 and Duke of Austria from 1198 to his death in 1230. He was a member of the House of Babenberg. Biography Leopold VI was the younger son of Leopold V, Duke of Austria, Duke Leopold V and his wife, Helena of Hungary, Duchess of Austria, Helena of Hungary (daughter of Géza II of Hungary and Euphrosyne of Kiev). He was betrothed to the Damsel of Cyprus in 1193, but the marriage never took place. In contravention of the provisions of the Georgenberg Pact, the Babenberg reign was divided after the death of Leopold V: Leopold VI's elder brother, Frederick I, was given the Duchy of Austria (corresponding roughly to modern Lower Austria and eastern Upper Austria), while Leopold VI himself became Duke of Styria. The duchies were reunified under Leopold VI when Frederick died after only four years of rule. Leopold VI participated in the Reconquista in Spain and in two crusades, the ...
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Hugh III, Count Of Burgundy
Hugh of Chalon (; 1220–1266) was count of Burgundy by his marriage to Adelaide, Countess of Burgundy, on 1 November 1236, when he was aged 16. He was the son of John, Count of Chalon, and his first wife, Mahat, daughter of Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy. Hugh and Adelaide had the following children: * Otto IV, Count of Burgundy (born 1248) * Hugh (fl. 1312), Lord of Montbrison and Aspremont, married Bonne daughter of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy * Étienne (died 1299) * Reginald of Burgundy (died 1322), Count of Montbéliard by his marriage to Guillemette of Neufchâtel * Henri * Jean (died 1302), Lord of Montaigu * Alix, nun at Fontevraud Abbey * Elisabeth (died 1275), married Count Hartmann V of Kyburg * Hippolyte, Lady of Saint-Vallier, married Count Aymar IV of Poitiers and Diois * Guyonne of Burgundy (died 1316), married Thomas III of Piedmont * Marguerite, nun at Fontevraud Abbey * Agnès, Lady of Saint-Aubin, married Count Philippe II de Vienne, Lord of Pagny Hugh III's wif ...
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Adelaide, Countess Of Burgundy
Adelaide of Merania (Adélaïde or Alice, Alix – died 8 March 1279, Évian) was reigning Countess of Burgundy from 1248 until her death. She was also Countess of Savoy and Bresse through her marriage in 1267 to Count Philip I of Savoy. Life Adelaide was the daughter of Duke Otto I of Merania and Countess Beatrice II of Burgundy.Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer, ''Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide'', (ABC-CLIO, 1999), 19. She inherited the county after the death of her brother, Otto III, Count Palatine of Burgundy, in 1248. As countess, she came into conflict with King Rudolph I. Adelaide died in 1279 and was buried in Cherlieu Abbey near Besançon. Family Adelaide married Hugh, Count of Salins (died 1266), from a younger branch of male-line dynasty of Ivrean-originated Counts of Burgundy, around 1239. They had, among others, the following children: :1. Otto IV, Count of Burgundy (died 1302), married ::in 1271 to 1. Philippa of Bar ::in 1285 to 2. Mahaut of ...
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Herman II, Count Of Weimar-Orlamünde
Herman II, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde ( – 27 December 1247) was a member of the House of Ascania. He ruled the County of Weimar-Orlamünde from 1206 until his death. Life He was the youngest son of Count Siegfried III ( – 1206) and his wife Sophie (1159 – ), a daughter of King Valdemar I of Denmark. After his father died in 1206, Hermann II ruled Weimar-Orlamünde jointly with his brother Albert II. He came increasingly into conflict with Landgrave Herman I of Thuringia, who occupied Schauenforst Castle between Orlamünde and Rudolstadt. In 1214, Herman of Thuringia took Herman of Weimar-Orlamünde prisoner at Weimar Castle. Landgrave Louis IV of Thuringia also fought against the brothers Herman and Albert. Despite the continuing troubles with Thuringia, Herman II managed to expand his territorial sovereignty. He founded the city of Weimar and a Cistercian monastery at Oberweimar. In the conflict between the Houses of Guelph and Hohenstaufen, he sided with the ...
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