Adalbert Volck (Nazi Party Official)
Adalbert Volck (27 June 1868 – 1948) was a lawyer of Baltic German extraction who headed the North German Directory, a Nazi faction that existed when the Nazi Party was outlawed and Adolf Hitler was incarcerated in Landsberg Prison in the wake of the Beer Hall Putsch. Early life Volck was born in Dorpat (today, Tartu, Estonia) in what was then the Russian Empire. He was the son of , a professor of theology, and the nephew of Adalbert J. Volck, a dentist and caricaturist. Not much is known of his early years other than he became a lawyer. During the First World War, he emigrated via Japan and the United States and, in 1919, settled in Lüneburg in the Weimar Republic. He worked there as a lawyer and a bank official. A proponent of the Völkisch movement, he met Adolf Hitler and Dietrich Eckart in Coburg in October 1922. In December 1922, Volck helped found the nationalist and anti-Semitic German Völkisch Freedom Party (DVFP) in Berlin. By the spring of 1924, however, he was ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Ludolf Haase
Ludolf Haase (6 January 1898 – 8 October 1972) was a Nazi Party official who served as ''Gauleiter'' in Southern Hanover from 1925 to 1928. Early life Haase was born in Hanover and, after attending elementary school and high school, studied medicine at the University of Göttingen. In Göttingen in 1921 he served as the local Chairman of the ''Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund'', the largest, most active, and most influential anti-Semitic federation in Germany. In February 1922 he joined the Nazi Party and founded the first ''Ortsgruppe'' (local group) in Göttingen, becoming the ''Ortsgruppenleiter''. Following the Beer Hall Putsch, the Nazi Party was outlawed and Adolf Hitler was incarcerated in Landsberg Prison. Haase remained personally devoted to Hitler and, while the Party was outlawed, Haase carried on activities as ''Bezirksleiter'' (District Leader) of the Hanover National Socialist ''Landesverband'' (State Association) a Nazi front organization. In addition, ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Coburg
Coburg () is a town located on the Itz river in the Upper Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. Long part of one of the Thuringian states of the Wettin line, it joined Bavaria by popular vote only in 1920. Until the revolution of 1918, it was one of the capitals of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Through successful dynastic policies, the ruling princely family married into several of the royal families of Europe, most notably in the person of Prince Albert, who married Queen Victoria in 1840. As a result of these close links with the royal houses of Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Coburg was frequently visited by the crowned heads of Europe and their families. Coburg is also the location of Veste Coburg, one of Germany's largest castles. In 1530, Martin Luther lived there for six months while translating the Bible into German (the Luther Bible). Today, Coburg's population is close to 41,500. Since it was little ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Julius Streicher
Julius Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a member of the Nazi Party, the ''Gauleiter'' (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the '' Reichstag'', the national legislature. He was the founder and publisher of the virulently antisemitic newspaper ''Der Stürmer'', which became a central element of the Nazi propaganda machine. The publishing firm was financially very successful and made Streicher a multi-millionaire. After the war, Streicher was convicted of crimes against humanity at the end of the Nuremberg trials. Specifically, he was found to have continued his vitriolic antisemitic propaganda when he was well aware that Jews were being murdered. For this, he was executed by hanging. Streicher was the first member of the Nazi regime held accountable for inciting genocide by the Nuremberg Tribunal. Early life Streicher was born in Fleinhausen, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, one of nine children of the teacher Friedrich Streicher and his wife Anna (''né ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Hermann Esser
Hermann Esser (29 July 1900 – 7 February 1981) was an early member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). A journalist, Esser was the editor of the Nazi paper, ''Völkischer Beobachter'', a Propaganda Leader, and a Vice President of the Reichstag. In the early days of the party, he was a ''de facto'' deputy of Adolf Hitler. As one of Hitler's earliest followers and friends, he held influential positions in the party during the Weimar Republic, but increasingly lost influence during the Nazi era. Early life Esser was born in Röhrmoos, Kingdom of Bavaria. The son of a civil servant, he was educated in the high school at Kempten. As a teenager, he volunteered for service in World War I and fought on the front lines in the Royal Bavarian 19th Foot Artillery Regiment. After demobilization, he joined the Swabian ''Freikorps'', and in May 1919 took part in the suppression of the Munich Soviet Republic. Esser early on became a socialist, after he joined a left-wing provincial newspaper to train ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Alfred Rosenberg
Alfred Ernst Rosenberg ( – 16 October 1946) was a Baltic German Nazi theorist and ideologue. Rosenberg was first introduced to Adolf Hitler by Dietrich Eckart and he held several important posts in the Nazi government. He was the head of the NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs during the entire rule of Nazi Germany (1933–1945), and led Amt Rosenberg ("Rosenberg's bureau"), an official Nazi body for cultural policy and surveillance, between 1934 and 1945. During World War II, Rosenberg was the head of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (1941–1945). After the war, he was convicted of crimes against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression; war crimes; and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials in 1946. He was sentenced to death and executed on 16 October 1946. The author of a seminal work of Nazi ideology, '' The Myth of the Twentieth Century'' (1930), Rosenberg is considered one of the main authors of key Nazi ide ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state, as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union. The city's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people. Straddling the banks of the River Isar (a tributary of the Danube) north of the Bavarian Alps, Munich is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria, while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany (4,500 people per km2). Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area, after the Austrian capital of Vienna. The city was first mentioned in 1158. Catholic Munich strongly resisted the Reformation and was a political point of divergence during the resulting Thirty Years' War, but remained physicall ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Greater German People's Community
The Greater German People’s Community (German: ''Großdeutsche Volksgemeinschaft'', GVG) was one of the two main front organizations established after the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) was banned by the government of the Weimar Republic in the wake of the failed Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. History The GVG was founded on 1 January 1924 by Alfred Rosenberg, the editor-in-chief of the '' Volkische Beobachter'', on the instructions of Adolf Hitler who was incarcerated in Landsberg prison at the time. Shortly before his arrest on 11 November 1923, Hitler had charged Rosenberg with leadership of the movement. Headquartered in Munich, the GVG was largely limited to Bavaria, the birthplace of National Socialism, and had no substantial presence outside that State. The GVG became a haven for Nazi Party members from that area. Prominent members included Max Amann, Phillip Bouhler, Hermann Esser, Franz Xaver Schwarz and Julius Streicher. Rosenberg, one o ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants, it is second in population only to North Rhine-Westphalia, but due to its large size its population density is below the German average. Bavaria's main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became the Duchy of Bavaria (a stem duchy) in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Front Organizations
A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization, such as intelligence agencies, organized crime groups, terrorist organizations, secret societies, banned organizations, religious or political groups, advocacy groups, or corporations. Front organizations can act for the parent group without the actions being attributed to the parent group, thereby allowing them to hide certain activities from the authorities or the public. Front organizations that appear to be independent voluntary associations or charitable organizations are called front groups. In the business world, front organizations such as front companies or shell corporations are used to shield the parent company from legal liability. In international relations, a puppet state is a state which acts as a front (or surrogate) for another state. Intelligence agencies Intelligence agencies use front organizations to provide "cover", plausible occupations and means of income, for their covert ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Wilhelm Henning
Wilhelm Henning (26 July 1879 in Bruchsal, Baden - 24 October 1943 in Lichterfelde, Berlin) was a German military officer and right-wing politician. Military service Henning enlisted as an officer in the German Imperial Army and remained until 1919 when he retired with the rank of Major.Detlef Mühlberger, ''Hitler's Voice: The Völkischer Beobachter, 1920-1933. Organisation & Development of the Nazi Party, Volume 1'', Peter Lang, 2004, p. 239 From 1917 he served in the War Ministry and was moved to St Petersburg in 1918. Politics Entering politics, Henning joined the conservative German National People's Party (DNVP) and was elected to the Reichstag in 1920. From the start Henning was on the extreme anti-Semitic and was close to the likes of Albrecht von Graefe, Reinhold Wulle and Richard Kunze, although the latter split from the DNVP in 1921 to form his own ''Deutschsoziale Partei''. Rathenau controversy Henning became notorious for an article of his that appeared in the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Reinhold Wulle
Reinhold Wulle ( – ) was a German Völkisch politician and publicist active during the Weimar Republic. ''Völkisch'' politics Wulle was born in Falkenberg, Pomerania. He studied theology, German and history and in 1908 embarked on a career as a journalist, becoming especially noted for his anti-Semitic views.Philip Rees, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'', Simon & Schuster, 1990, p. 415 He became editor of the Berlin-based ''Deutsche Zeitung'' in 1918 – holding the position until 1920 – and under his stewardship the paper gave support to the Pan-German movement. Wulle entered party politics in the spring of 1920 when he joined fellow rightists Arnold Ruge and Richard Kunze in creating the ''Deutschvölkischen Arbeitsring Berlin'' as a successor to the Deutschvölkischer Schutz und Trutzbund. However this group proved short-lived as it was absorbed into the German National People's Party (DNVP) in June of the same year. Wulle became a leading mem ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Albrecht Von Graefe (politician)
Albrecht von Graefe (1 January 1868 – 18 April 1933) was a German landowner and right-wing politician active both during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. Although never a member of the Nazi Party he was an early associate of Adolf Hitler and for a while appeared a credible rival for the leadership of the overall Völkisch movement. Early career The son of the celebrated ophthalmologist Albrecht von Graefe, and thus grandson of the surgeon Karl Ferdinand von Graefe, he enlisted in the German Imperial Army as an officer in 1887.Detlef Mühlberger, ''Hitler's Voice: The Völkischer Beobachter, 1920-1933. Organisation & Development of the Nazi Party, Volume 1'', Peter Lang, 2004, p. 103 After his military service von Graefe entered politics and served as a deputy in the Reichstag for the German Conservative Party from 1912 to 1918. Rise to prominence Von Graefe returned to the Reichstag in 1920 as member of the German National People's Party (DNVP). A close a ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |