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Acraea Pseudolycia
''Acraea pseudolycia'' is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, which is native to East Africa and Africa's southern subtropics. Range It is found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Uganda, Sudan and Ethiopia. Description ''A. pseudolycia'' can scarcely be distinguished by any constant external characters from ''zetes'', but according to Eltringham has the lateral clasps of the male somewhat differently formed. All the forms most nearly approximate to the race ''acara'' and give the impression of an extreme development of this. The light groundcolour is more extended on the upper surface of both wings and the marginal spots of the forewing above are either entirely absent (being united with the ground-colour) or are small and placed in a greyish nebulous band which is not sharply defined; on the under surface they are never bounded proximally by a black lunulate line and are usually entirely absent; discal dots of both w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Gardiner Butler
Arthur Gardiner Butler F.L.S., F.Z.S. (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English entomologist, arachnologist and ornithologist. He worked at the British Museum on the taxonomy of birds, insects, and spiders. Biography Arthur Gardiner Butler was born at Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, London. He was the son of Thomas Butler (1809–1908), assistant-secretary to the British Museum.Thomas Butler: He was educated at St. Paul's School,He was admitted 15-03-1854, according to: later receiving a year's tuition in drawing at the Art School of South Kensington. At the British Museum, he was appointed as an officer with two roles, as an assistant-keeper in zoology and as an assistant-librarian in 1879. Work He also published articles on spiders of Australia, the Galápagos, Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea (butterfly)
''Acraea'' is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae) of the subfamily Heliconiinae. It seems to be highly paraphyletic and has long been used as a "wastebin taxon" to unite about 220 species of anatomically conservative Acraeini. Some phylogenetic studies show that the genus ''Acraea'' is monophyletic if '' Bematistes'' and Neotropical '' Actinote'' are included (see Pierre & Bernaud, 2009). Most species assembled here are restricted to the Afrotropical realm, but some are found in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.Silva-Brandão et al. (2008) Biology The eggs are laid in masses; the larvae are rather short, of almost equal thickness throughout, and possessing branched spines on each segment, young larvae group together on a protecting mass of silk; the pupa is slender, with a long abdomen, rather wide and angulated about the insertion of the wings, and suspended by the tail only. '' A. horta'', '' A. cabira'', and '' A. terpsicore'' illustrate typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Described In 1874
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consortium For The Barcode Of Life
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Barcoding was proposed in 2003 by Prof. Paul Hebert of the University of Guelph in Ontario as a way of distinguishing and identifying species with a short standardized gene sequence. Hebert proposed the 658 bases of the Folmer region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome-C oxidase-1 as the standard barcode region. Hebert is the Director of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, and the International Barcode of Life Project (iBOL), all headquartered at the University of Guelph. The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is also located at the University of Guelph. CBOL was created in May 2004 with support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Turna
''Acraea turna'' is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found on Madagascar. Description ''A. turna'' Mab. is a broad-winged species with the ground-colour of both wings milk-white and an expanse of about 60 mm.; distal margin of the forewing distinctly emarginate; both wings with marginal band not sharply defined, blackish above, grey beneath, and with light marginal spots, which, however, are often very small or indistinct on the upperside of the hindwing; forewing darkened at the base to beyond the middle of the cell, black-grey above, reddish in the cell beneath; two transverse spots in the cell and the discal dots large and black, discal dots 3 to 6 united with the median spot into an irregular transverse band, which is often joined both to the costal margin and the marginal band; basal and discal dots of the hindwing rather small, but all present and normally arranged; the discal dot in 4 placed close to the marginal band. Madagascar, ab. ''marmorata'' Smit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Anemosa
''Acraea anemosa'', the broad-bordered acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae which is native to southern Africa and coastal East Africa. Range It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, Zululand, Swaziland, Eswatini, Transvaal Province, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, southern Zaire (Shaba), Namibia, Angola, Tanzania, the coast of eastern Kenya and southern Somalia. Description It is a variable species with a number of described colour morphs including f. ''anemosa'', f. ''arctitincta'', f. ''mosana'', f. ''welwitschii'', f. ''nivea'', f. ''alboradiata'' and f. ''lobemba''. The wingspan is 50–55 mm for males and 57–64 mm for females. ''A. anemosa'' Hew. Forewing above ochre-yellow to orange-yellow, at the base deep black to vein 2, the black colour sharply defined, at the distal margin with sharply defined black apical spot about 4 mm. in breadth and fine marginal line; a small median dot; discal dots 4 to 6 large and connected, 1b to 3 usuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Group
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodesia
Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' Succession of states, successor state to the Crown colony, British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which had been Self-governing colony, self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A Landlocked country, landlocked nation, Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south, Bechuanaland Protectorate, Bechuanaland (later Botswana) to the southwest, Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) to the northwest, and Mozambique (Portuguese Mozambique, a Portuguese province until 1975) to the east. From 1965 to 1979, Rhodesia was one of two independent states on the African continent governed by a White people in Zimbabwe, white minority of European descent and culture, the other being South Africa. In the late 19th century, the territory north of the South African Republic, Trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Acara
''Acraea acara'', commonly known as the acara acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae which is native to East and southern Africa. Description See ''Acraea zetes'' for diagnosis The wingspan is 55–66 mm for males and 60–72 mm for females. Range and habitat It is found in South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Katanga in the southern DRC, Malawi, Tanzania, and eastern Kenya. In South Africa its range has expanded southwards since 2014, becoming more widespread in the Eastern Cape. The habitat consists of forests and woodland. Subspecies There are two subspecies: *''Acraea acara acara'' – eastern Kenya, Tanzania, DRC: Shaba, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa: Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape *''Acraea acara melanophanes'' Le Cerf, 1927 – northern Namibia Taxonomy It is a member of the ''Acraea zetes'' species group- but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014 Pierre & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Zetes
''Acraea zetes'', the large spotted acraea, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae which is native to sub-Saharan Africa. Range It is found in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola, Namibia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi and Zambia. Description ''A. zetes'' is a common species in Africa, distributed from Sierra Leone to KwaZulu-Natal, Natal and Abyssinia; it develops several races and forms and is darkest in the north-west, gradually becoming lighter and lighter towards the south and east. Forewing with 2 black spots in the cell, one at its apex, large elongate discal dots in 3 to 6 and 10, rounded free discal dots in 1b and 2 and at least beneath with large yellow marginal spots in 1b to 6. Hindwing in addition to the confluent basal dots with a median dot and distinct discal dots, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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