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Acraea Karschi
''Acraea karschi'', Karsch's acraea, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon and possibly Angola. Description ''A. karschi'' Auriv. (56 c) is intermediate between '' Acraea viviana'' and ''Acraea cabira'' and differs from both in having the hindmarginal spot on the upperside of the forewing narrower, of more uniform breadth and not covering the base of cellule 2. The under surface of the hindwing exactly agrees with that of ''cabira''. Is perhaps, as Eltringham thinks, only a form of ''cabira''. Cameroons and British East Africa. Biology The habitat consists of sub-montane forests. Adult males mud-puddle. Taxonomy ''Acraea karschi'' is a member of the ''Acraea bonasia'' species group; see ''Acraea''. See also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014 Pierre & Bernau, 2014 Classification et Liste Synonymique des Taxons du Genre ''Acraea'pdf/ref> Etymology The name honours Ferdinand Karsch. References External links ''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius
Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius (15 January 1843 – 20 July 1928) was a Swedish entomologist. Life Christopher Aurivillius was born at Forsa, Sweden. He was the director of the Natural History Museum in Stockholm and he specialised in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. He was, for a long time, the secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science . His brother was the zoologist Carl Wilhelm Samuel Aurivillius (1854–1899) and his son the zoologist Sven Magnus Aurivillius (1892–1928). He was the author of Part 39 Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae (1912) and Parts 73 and 74. Cerambycidae: Lamiinae (1922, 1923) in: S. Schenkling (ed.), ''Coleopterorum Catalogus''. W. Junk, Berlin, 1000 + pages. Also ''Rhopalocera Aethiopica'' (1898), major contributions to Adalbert Seitz's ''Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde'' Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925 and many papers on the Lepidoptera of Africa and ''Über sekundäre Geschlechtscharaktere no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mud-puddle
Mud-puddling, or simply puddling, is a behaviour most conspicuous in butterflies, but occurs in other animals as well, mainly insects; they seek out nutrients in certain moist substances such as rotting plant matter, mud and carrion and they suck up the fluid. Where the conditions are suitable, conspicuous insects such as butterflies commonly form aggregations on wet soil, dung or carrion. (1996): Mating systems and sexual division of foraging effort affect puddling behaviour by butterflies. ''Ecological Entomology'' 21(2): 193-197PDF fulltext/ref> From the fluids they obtain salts and amino acids that play various roles in their physiology, ethology and ecology. (1999): Mud-puddling behavior in tropical butterflies: In search of proteins or minerals? ''Oecologia'' 119(1): 140–148. (HTML abstractPDF fulltext This behaviour also has been seen in some other insects, notably the leafhoppers, e.g. the potato leafhopper, '' Empoasca fabae''. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea (butterfly)
''Acraea'' is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae) of the subfamily Heliconiinae. It seems to be highly paraphyletic and has long been used as a "wastebin taxon" to unite about 220 species of anatomically conservative Acraeini. Some phylogenetic studies show that the genus ''Acraea'' is monophyletic if '' Bematistes'' and Neotropical '' Actinote'' are included (see Pierre & Bernaud, 2009). Most species assembled here are restricted to the Afrotropical realm, but some are found in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.Silva-Brandão et al. (2008) Biology The eggs are laid in masses; the larvae are rather short, of almost equal thickness throughout, and possessing branched spines on each segment, young larvae group together on a protecting mass of silk; the pupa is slender, with a long abdomen, rather wide and angulated about the insertion of the wings, and suspended by the tail only. '' A. horta'', '' A. cabira'', and '' A. terpsicore'' illustrate typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Described In 1899
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Sotikensis
''Acraea sotikensis'', the Sotik acraea, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae which is native to the African tropics and subtropics. Range It is found in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi and Zambia. Description ''A. sotikensis'' E. Sharpe (56 a). The red stripe on the median of the forewing above is usually entirely separated from the hindmarginal spot, occasionally joined to it, but always marked off by a distinct constriction. In the type-form the subapical band of the fore wing is light yellow, but the other light markings of the upper surface are yellow-red; the hindwing beneath has distinct red streaks in the basal part and a variegated marginal band, ornamented with light lines at the veins and reddish streaks at the proximal end of the marginal spots. Congo, Angola and Rhodesia to Uganda, Abyssinia and British East Africa. * ''rowena'' Eltr. (56 b. as ''praeponina'') only differs in having the median band of the hindwing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Karsch
Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch or Karsch-Haack (2 September 1853, in Münster – 20 December 1936, in Berlin) was a German arachnologist, entomologist and anthropologist. The son of a doctor, Karsch was educated at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin and published a thesis on the gall wasp in 1877. From 1878 to 1921 he held the post of curator at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Between 1873 and 1893, he published a catalogue of the spiders of Westphalia; he also published numerous articles on the specimens that the museum received from various explorers and naturalists working in Africa, in China, in Japan, in Australia, etc. This publication of others' work sometimes led to disputes over priority and nomenclature, for example with Pickard-Cambridge. Alongside his zoological activities, he published many works on sexuality and, in particular, homosexuality in both the animal kingdom and in so-called "primitive" peoples, including ''Das gleichgeschlechtliche L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea (genus)
''Acraea'' is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae) of the subfamily Heliconiinae. It seems to be highly paraphyletic and has long been used as a "wastebin taxon" to unite about 220 species of anatomically conservative Acraeini. Some phylogenetic studies show that the genus ''Acraea'' is monophyletic if '' Bematistes'' and Neotropical '' Actinote'' are included (see Pierre & Bernaud, 2009). Most species assembled here are restricted to the Afrotropical realm, but some are found in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.Silva-Brandão et al. (2008) Biology The eggs are laid in masses; the larvae are rather short, of almost equal thickness throughout, and possessing branched spines on each segment, young larvae group together on a protecting mass of silk; the pupa is slender, with a long abdomen, rather wide and angulated about the insertion of the wings, and suspended by the tail only. '' A. horta'', '' A. cabira'', and '' A. terpsicore'' illustrate typi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Group
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Cabira
''Acraea cabira'', the yellow-banded acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae that is native to Africa. Description The wingspan is for males and for females. The male and female are very similar in colour. The upper surface of the wings is near black with large yellow patches on the forewing and hindwing. There is some reddish brown on the veins near the base of the forewings. The underside has patches of yellow corresponding to the upper side. The base of the undersurface of the wing has orange-brown markings with black spots. The margin of the wing on the undersurface has black lines on an orange-brown background.Williams, M. (1994). ''Butterflies of Southern Africa; A Field Guide''. . Technical Description ''A. cabira'' may be known by the hindmarginal spot on the upper side of the forewing completely covering the base of cellule 2 and reaching the cell in 1 b also; the light spot in 1 b is, however, proximally cut off obliquely and hence much narrower at vein 1 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it fli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Viviana
''Acraea viviana'', the straw-coloured acraea, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, the north-eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya and north-western Tanzania. Description ''A. viviana'' Stgr. (56 c) is similar above to the preceding species and has the same light yellow markings. The hindmarginal spot of the forewing is, however, much broader, completely covering the base of cellule 2, and the median band of the hindwing is 6-8 mm. in breadth and in cellules 4 and 5 distally widened; the hindmarginal spot of the forewing forms a small spot in the lower angle of the cell. The under surface differs in the smaller number of the black dots in the basal area of the hindwing; in the cell and in cellule 7 these are connected by red streaks. Cameroons to Uganda and Bukoba. Biology The habitat consists of sub-montane forests at altitudes above 1,300 meters. The larvae feed on ''Triumfetta rhomboidea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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