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Acraea Boopis
''Acraea boopis'', the rainforest acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini, from Mozambique to Kenya and in Tanzania. The wingspan is 45–52 mm for males and 49–58 mm for females. Adults are on wing year round, with peaks from November to March in southern Africa. The larvae feed on Celastraceae species, including '' Cassine tetragonal'', '' Maytenus acuminate'', ''Maytenus heterophylla'' and '' Rawsonia lucida''. Subspecies *''Acraea boopis boopis'' (South Africa in Afromontane and higher lowland forest in Eastern Cape, then along the escarpment through KwaZulu-Natal, also in Mpumalanga and Limpopo) *''Acraea boopis ama'' Pierre, 1979 (Kenya, northern Tanzania) *''Acraea boopis choloui'' Pierre, 1979 (Malawi) May be a full species. Taxonomy It is a member of the '' Acraea terpsicore'' species group - but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014 Pierre & Bernau, 2014 Classification et Liste Synonymique des Taxon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fritz Ludwig Otto Wichgraf
Fritz Ludwig Otto Wichgraf (born 9 May 1853) was a German entomologist. Wichgraf's Lepidoptera collection was purchased by James John Joicey. His collections of ''Acraea (genus), Acraea'', Lasiocampidae and Bombycidae are in the Natural History Museum, London. *Wichgraf, F. (1909) Beschreibung neuer Formen der Gattung Acraea F. aus Rhodesia, Mashunaland und Angola. ''Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift'' 53:240-247. *Wichgraf, F. (1911) Einige neue afrikanische Lepidopteren. ''Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift'' 5:173-175. *Wichgraf, F. (1913) Eine neue athiopische Limacodide und anders. ''Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift'' 7:9-10; 13-14; 21-22. *Wichgraf, F. (1914) Neues aus der afrikanischen Lepidopteren-Fauna. ''Deutsche Entomologische Zeitung'' 1914:345-353. *Wichgraf, F. (1918) Neue afrikanische Lepidopteren. ''Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift'' 12:26-30. *Wichgraf, F. (1921) Neue afrikanische Lepidopteren aus der Ertlschen Sammlung. ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maytenus Acuminate
''Maytenus'' ''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607 is a genus of flowering plants in the family Celastraceae. Members of the genus are distributed throughout Central and South America, Southeast Asia, Micronesia and Australasia, the Indian Ocean and Africa. They grow in a very wide variety of climates, from tropical to subpolar. The traditional circumscription of ''Maytenus'' is paraphyletic, so many species have been transferred to '' Denhamia'', '' Gymnosporia'', '' Monteverdia'', and ''Tricerma''. Selected species * ''Maytenus abbottii'' A.E.van Wyk * '' Maytenus acuminata'' (L.f.) Loes. * '' Maytenus boaria'' Molina ( type species) * ''Maytenus buxifolia'' (A.Rich.) Griseb. ( West Indies) * '' Maytenus canariensis'' (Loes.) G. Kunkel & Sunding * '' Maytenus curtissii'' ( King) Ding Hou * '' Maytenus hookeri'' Loes. * '' Maytenus jamesonii'' Briq. * '' Maytenus lucidus'' * '' Maytenus magellanica'' ( Lam.) Hook.f. * '' Maytenus obtusifolia'' * ''Maytenus oct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Described In 1914
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consortium For The Barcode Of Life
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Barcoding was proposed in 2003 by Prof. Paul Hebert of the University of Guelph in Ontario as a way of distinguishing and identifying species with a short standardized gene sequence. Hebert proposed the 658 bases of the Folmer region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome-C oxidase-1 as the standard barcode region. Hebert is the Director of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, and the International Barcode of Life Project (iBOL), all headquartered at the University of Guelph. The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is also located at the University of Guelph. CBOL was created in May 2004 with support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea (butterfly)
''Acraea'' is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae) of the subfamily Heliconiinae. It seems to be highly paraphyletic and has long been used as a "wastebin taxon" to unite about 220 species of anatomically conservative Acraeini. Some phylogenetic studies show that the genus ''Acraea'' is monophyletic if '' Bematistes'' and Neotropical '' Actinote'' are included (see Pierre & Bernaud, 2009). Most species assembled here are restricted to the Afrotropical realm, but some are found in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.Silva-Brandão et al. (2008) Biology The eggs are laid in masses; the larvae are rather short, of almost equal thickness throughout, and possessing branched spines on each segment, young larvae group together on a protecting mass of silk; the pupa is slender, with a long abdomen, rather wide and angulated about the insertion of the wings, and suspended by the tail only. '' A. horta'', '' A. cabira'', and '' A. terpsicore'' illustrate typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Terpsicore
''Acraea terpsicore'', the tawny coster, is a small, , leathery-winged butterfly common in grassland and scrub habitats. It belongs to the Nymphalidae or brush-footed butterfly family. It has a weak fluttery flight. It is avoided by most insect predators. This species and the yellow coster (''Acraea issoria'') are the only two Indian representatives of the predominantly African tribe Acraeini. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Maldives to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, and recently Australia. Taxonomy Controversies There has been long standing debate among taxonomists on whether the correct name for this species is ''Acraea terpsicore'' Linnaeus, 1758 or ''Acraea violae'' Fabricius, 1775. Pierre and Bernaud, in 1997, stated that they verified the type in the Linnean Society of London and considered ''A. violae'' the same species as ''A. terpsicore''. Honey and Scoble, in 2001, argued that both specimens in the Linnean Societ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Problem
The species problem is the set of questions that arises when biologists attempt to define what a species is. Such a definition is called a species concept; there are at least 26 recognized species concepts. A species concept that works well for sexually reproducing organisms such as birds may be useless for species that reproduce asexually, such as bacteria. The scientific study of the species problem has been called microtaxonomy. One common, but sometimes difficult, question is how best to decide which species an organism belongs to, because reproductively isolated groups may not be readily recognizable, and cryptic species may be present. There is a continuum from ''reproductive isolation'' with no interbreeding, to ''panmixis'', unlimited interbreeding. Populations can move forward or backwards along this continuum, at any point meeting the criteria for one or another species concept, and failing others. Many of the debates on species touch on philosophical issues, such as nom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rawsonia Lucida
''Rawsonia lucida'' (synonym ''R. reticulata'') is a species of plant in the Achariaceae family. It is found in eastern, central and southern Africa. References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q17565381, from2=Q7297072 lucida Lucida (pronunciation: ) is an extended family of related typefaces designed by Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes and released from 1984 onwards. The family is intended to be extremely legible when printed at small size or displayed on a low-reso ... Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maytenus Heterophylla
''Gymnosporia heterophylla'', the common spike-thorn, is a small, hardy, deciduous African tree up to 5m tall, occurring in rocky places with a wide distribution from Ethiopia, the Sudan and the Congo, south to the Cape Province and west to Angola and Namibia, as well as the neighbouring islands of Madagascar and Saint Helena, with a closely related species from Mauritius. It has a straggly, but rigid habit and is armed with sharp straight thorns up to 100mm long, which are modified branches. Bark on the mature trunk is grey-brown and deeply fissured. The tree is dioecious, and clusters of white flowers are produced in profusion in spring and are borne on thicker twigs and branches. The flowers have a fetid, faecal smell and attract large numbers of pollinating insects, particularly carrion-loving flies such as members of the family Calliphoridae. The tree has a close relationship with a number of cicada species, such as ''Platypleura divisa'', '' P. mijburghi'' and '' P. mayten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassine Tetragonal
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Cassine may refer to: * Cassine, Piedmont, town and commune of the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont * Cassine (plant), genus of trees, of the plant family Celastraceae See also * Casine (other) * Cassino (other) Cassino is a ''comune'' in the Province of Frosinone, Lazio, Italy. Cassino may also refer to: Places * Monte Cassino, a mountain near the commune of Cassino, Italy * Praia do Cassino, a beach in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Arts, enter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it fli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastraceae
The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet) are a family of 97 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only ''Celastrus'' (the staff vines), ''Euonymus'' (the spindles) and ''Maytenus'' widespread in temperate climates, and '' Parnassia'' (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates. Of the 97 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (''Brexiella'', '' Evonymopsis'', '' Hartogiopsis'', ''Polycardia'', ''Ptelidium'', and ''Salvadoropsis'') are endemic to Madagascar. Genera A complete list of the genera is: * '' Acanthothamnus'' * '' Allocassine'' * '' Anthodon'' * ''Apatophyllum'' * ''Apodostigma'' * ''Arnicratea'' * ''Bequaertia'' * ''Brassiantha'' * '' Brexia'' * ''Brexiella'' * ''Campylostemon'' * ''Canotia'' – crucifixion thorn * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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