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Academy Of Sura
Sura Academy () was a Jewish yeshiva located in Sura in what is now southern Iraq, a region known in Jewish texts as "Babylonia". With Pumbedita Academy, it was one of the two major Jewish academies from the year 225 CE at the beginning of the era of the Amora sages until 1033 CE at the end of the era of the Gaonim. Sura Academy was founded by the Amora Abba Arikha ("Rav"), a disciple of Judah ha-Nasi. Among the well-known sages that headed the yeshiva were Rav Huna, Rav Chisda, Rav Ashi, Yehudai ben Nahman, Natronai ben Hilai, Saadia Gaon, and others. History Abba Arikha arrived at Sura city to find no lively Jewish religious public life, and since he was worried about the continuity of the Jewish community in Babylonia, he left his colleague Samuel of Nehardea and began working to establish the yeshiva that would become Sura Academy. Upon Abba Arikha's arrival, teachers from surrounding cities and towns descended upon Sura. The Academy of Sura was formally founded in the year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rav Ashi
Rav Ashi () ("Rabbi Ashi") (352–427) was a Babylonian Jewish rabbi, of the sixth generation of amoraim. He reestablished the Academy at Sura and was the first editor of the Babylonian Talmud. The original pronunciation of his name may have been ''Asheh'', as suggested by the rhyming of his name with " Mosheh" in Maimonides' writings, and a possible rhyme with the word ''mikdashei'' () in the Talmud itself. Biography According to a tradition preserved in the academies, Rav Ashi was born in the same year that Rava (the great teacher of Mahuza) died, and he was the first important teacher in the Talmudic Academies in Babylonia after Rava's death. Simai, Ashi's father, was a rich and learned man, a student of the college of Naresh near Sura, which was directed by Rav Pappa, Rava's disciple. Ashi's teacher was Rav Kahana III, a member of the same college, who later became president of the academy at Pumbedita. Ashi married the daughter of Rami bar Hama, or Rami b. Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nehardea Academy
Nehardea Academy (), previously also known as The House of Learning () or The Boundary () was one of the major Talmudic academies in Babylonia (Mesopotamia), active intermittently from the early Amoraic period until the end of the Geonic period. It was established by the amora Samuel of Nehardea, one of the great sages of Babylon. History Samuel founded the academy at Nehardea, which in time attracted thousands of students. Along with Sura Academy founded by Abba Arikha, it opened a new era in which Babylon became the center of Judaism. After Rav's death, many students from Sura moved to Nehardea. Despite the fact that Rav Kahana III's Pum-Nahara Academy was subordinated to Sura Academy, from the time Rav died the heads of the Nehardea Academy came to visit Rav Kahana in Pum-Nahara with the intention of strengthening the ties between the two academies. This reinforcement of ties is attested by the fact that Kahana III gave his funeral oration to Rav Zevid of Nehardea at Pum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rav Sheshna
''Rav'' (or ''Rab'', Modern Hebrew: ) is the Hebrew generic term for a person who teaches Torah or is a Jewish spiritual guide or a rabbi. For example, Pirkei Avot (in the Talmud) states (1:6) that: The term ''rav'' is also Hebrew for ''rabbi''. (For a more nuanced discussion, see semicha.) The term is frequently used by Orthodox Jews to refer to their own rabbi. Overview In the Talmud, the title ''Rav'' generally precedes the names of Babylonian Amoraim; ''Rabbi'' generally precedes the names of ordained scholars in the Land of Israel whether Tannaim or Amoraim. In the Talmud, ''Rav'' or ''Rab'' (used alone) is a common name for the amora named Abba Arikha. The title ''Rav HaTzair'' (or ''Rav HaTza'ir'') refers to an assistant rabbi. ''Tzair'' means young, in Hebrew, and the prefix ''Ha'' means "the"; therefore, the combination can be used to mean the younger of a pair: ''Rav HaTzair'', in context, can refer to the younger of a pair of rabbis, or Junior Rav. See also * R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mar Ben Huna
Mar ben R. Huna ( or Mar b. Huna or Mar bar Huna) (died 614 �'שע"ד, [ Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar">�'שע"ד, Hebrew calendaror 620 [ד'ש"פ, Hebrew calendar was one of the first Geonim">Gaons, and head of the Sura Academy in Babylon">Sura_Academy.html" ;"title="Geonim">Gaons, and head of the Sura Academy">Geonim">Gaons, and head of the Sura Academy in Babylon at the end of the rule of the Sassanid Empire. He led the re-opening of the Sura Academy (year 591; ד'שנ"א, Hebrew calendar; or some believe year 609; ד'שס"ט, Hebrew calendarSee:"Sherira Gaon, Igeret Rav Shrira Gaon - ed. Binyamin Menashe Levin, p. 100 and notes on the formula swap. Formula 'תתק"כ' influenced the scholer Rabbi Yitzhak Isaac Halevy Rabinowitz in his book ''the Dorot Harishonim'', part 3, p. 172; Rabbi Naftali Jacob Cohen in his book "Sefer Otsar ha-gedolim, alufe Yaʻaḳov" ("ספר אוצר הגדולים אלופי יעקב"), vol. 1 "Otzar opening" ("פתח אוצר"), page 19.). Aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rav Ena
Rav Ena (, read as ''Rav Ena'') was a Jewish Savora sage of the second generation of the Savora era. He headed the Sura academy and was a counterpart of R. Simuna, head of the Yeshiva in Pumbedita. According to the ''Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon'', R. Ena and R. Simuna added-on anonymous annotations to the Babylonian Talmud, during the process of the Savora arrangement of the Talmud, that included adding additional clarification and Halkhaic rulings. Some scholars identify him with Rav Giza ;Article (רב גיזא). He died in year 540 AD (שנת ד'ש'; |
Ravina II
Ravina II or Rabina II (Hebrew: אבינא בריה דרב הונא or רבינא האחרון; died 475 Common Era, CE or 500 CE) was a Babylonian rabbi of the 5th century (seventh and eighth generations of amoraim). Rabina is a traditional portmanteau of the title Rav and the personal name Abina, a form of the Aramaic word for "father" (compare Abuna, Abaye, Abin, Abahu, Abba, Rava, Rabin). The Talmud says that "Ravina" and Rav Ashi were "the end of instruction", which is traditionally interpreted to mean that the two were responsible for redacting the Babylonian Talmud. Most scholars agree that this "Ravina" was Ravina II, the son of Huna bar Abin HaKohen, and not Ravina I, the colleague of Rav Ashi who died before Rav Ashi. Biography He did not remember his father Huna, who died while Ravina was still a child, but the Talmud states several times that his mother communicated to him the opinions held by his father. After his father's death, his maternal uncle Ravina I became his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbah Tosafa'ah
Rabbah Tosafa'ah ( or ) was a Babylonian rabbi, of the eighth generation of amoraim. Biography Opinions differ on the origin of his second name, "Tosefa'ah", seemingly from the Aramaic word ''tosefta'' (addition). According to one theory, the Talmud was substantially complete by this point, and he "added on" to the already existing work. Others say he was an expert in the braitot and Tosefta which supplement the main works of the Oral Torah. According to a third approach, "Tosefa'ah" derives from his place of origin, perhaps Tushpa. He was a pupil of Ravina I and a contemporary of Ravina II, with whom, sometimes, he is mentioned in the Talmud. He succeeded Mar bar Rav Ashi as head of the Sura Academy, a position he held for six years (approximately 467-474). He died in 494. Teachings A few independent decisions of Rabbah have been preserved. One of them assumes that a woman's pregnancy may extend from nine to twelve months. He is seldom mentioned by name in the Talmud—only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mar Bar Rav Ashi
Mar bar Rav Ashi () (d. 468) was a Babylonian rabbi who lived in the 5th century (seventh generation of amoraim). He would sign his name as Tavyomi (or ''Tabyomi'', ), which was either his first name or his nickname. Biography According to Abraham ibn Daud, he received his personal name (Tavyomi) due to the "good days" (Aramaic: ''tav''=good, ''yomei''=days) which prevailed during his lifetime. However, this tradition is difficult to understand, since the beginning of his official activity was marked by the bitter religious persecution by Yazdegerd II. That king died in 457; and his death was ascribed in part to Tavyomi's prayer. The name he is usually known by, Mar bar Rav Ashi, translates to "Master, son of Rav Ashi", as he was the son of Rav Ashi. He achieved a reputation for scholarship even during Rav Ashi's lifetime. There is an allusion to his marriage, which took place in his father's house. He was not elected director of the Sura Academy until 455 (ד'רט"ו, Hebrew ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nachman Bar Huna
Nachman, Nahman, or Nachmann (perhaps ''consoler'') is a Hebrew language, Hebrew given name and an Ashkenazic Jewish surname. Compare Nahmani (Neh. 7:7), Nehemiah (other)#Given name, Nehemiah, Nahum from the same trilateral root. The form Nachman was popular by the 4th century and shared by at least nine Talmud, Talmudic rabbis. By some Jews translated into Italian language, Italian as Consolo. Derived surnames include Nachmani, Nachmanovici, Nachmanoviz, Nachmanowitz, Nachmansohn, Nachmanson, Nachmanovici, Nachmanovitch, Nachmias, Nacmias, Nahmanovitch, Nahmanowitz, Nahmanson, Nahmiech, Nahmoni, Nahmuni, Nacamu, Nacamulli, Nehmuka. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Rav Nachman (d. ) * Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak (d. 356) *Nachman of Breslov (1712-1810) *Nachman of Horodenka (d. 1765) *Nahman Berlin (), German writer *Nachman Krochmal (1785–1840), Galician philosopher, theologian and historian *Nachman Chazan (1813–1884), Ukrainian Orthodox Jew *Nachman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maremar
Maremar (Hebrew: מרימר) was a Babylonian rabbi, of the sixth generation of amoraim (late 4th-early 5th centuries). Biography He was close to Mar Zutra. They constructed synagogues together, would both give sermons following the shacharit prayer on Shabbat, and would both rely on someone supporting them to ensure they recited kiddush levana while standing. He was also friends with Ravina I, and they are mentioned together in many halachic contexts. Once a man left Maremar's house having received a halachic ruling. Rav Aha b. Raba Rav Aha b. Rava (or Rav Aha b'reih deRava; ) was a Babylonian rabbi (sixth and seventh generation of amoraim). Biography His name indicates that he was the son of Rava. Some believe this was the famous Rava (amora), Rava who argued with Abaye; oth ... was outside at the time and asked which ruling he had received. Aha considered the answer to be wrong, so he sent the man back inside to hear the ruling again. When asked again, Maremar gave the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
