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Abkhaz Literature
The written Abkhaz literature appeared relatively recently in the beginning of the 20th century although Abkhaz oral tradition is quite rich. History Abkhaz share with other Caucasian peoples the Nart sagas — series of tales about mythical heroes, some of which can be considered as creation myths and ancient theology. There also exist historical legends (for example about Marshania princes), brigands' and hunters' songs, satirical songs and songs about the Caucasian War and various ritual songs. The Abkhaz alphabet was created in the 19th century by Dimitry Gulia and K. Machavariani. Prior to the 1917 revolution in Russia, the only books published in Abkhaz were the alphabet book (''Apswa anban''), a few other textbooks, and a couple of books by Dmitry Gulia. He published a collection of short poems (Tbilisi, 1912) and a poem ''Love letter'' (Tbilisi, 1913). The first newspaper in Abkhaz, called ''Abkhazia'' (''Apsny'') and edited by Dmitry Gulia appeared in 1917. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samson Chanba
Samson Kuagu-ipa Chanba (; 18 June 1886 – 1937) was a pioneering writer and politician, statesman from Abkhazia killed in Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. Chanba was born on 18 June 1886 in the village of Atara. He initially became a teacher. In 1919 he published the poem ''Daughter of the Mountains'', and in 1920 the play ''Amkhadzyr'', the first play written in the Abkhaz language. After the October Revolution, Chanba became active in politics. In 1921 Chanba joined the Communist Party and he became co-editor (with M. Khashba) of the newspaper ''Red Abkhazia'' and the People's Commissar for Education of the SSR Abkhazia. In 1925 Chanba became the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the SSR Abkhazia, and from 1930 to 1932 he returned to his position of People's Commissar for Education. From 1932 until 1937 Chanba was a fellow at the Abkhazian Institute for Language, Literature and History and from 1935 until 1937 Chairman of the Writers' Union of Abkhazia. In 1937 C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Colarusso
John Colarusso is a linguist specializing in Caucasian languages. Since 1976, he has taught at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. Colarusso has published more than sixty-five articles on linguistics, myths, politics, and the Caucasus; he has also authored three books, edited one, and is finishing two further books.http://johncolarusso.net/teaching/18-works Among other works, he has published grammar books of the Kabardian language Kabardian (), also known as , is a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian language, that is widely considered to be the eastern dialect of Adyghe language, Adyghe. While some Soviet linguists have treated the two as distinct language .... Selected publications * * Colarusso, John (1997). "Phyletic Links between Proto-Indo-European and Proto–Northwest Caucasian". The Journal of Indo-European Studies (Chicago Linguistic Society) 25 (1–2): 119–151. * * Colarusso, John (2003). "Further Etymologies between Indo-European ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magic Realism
Magical realism, magic realism, or marvelous realism is a style or genre of fiction and art that presents a realistic view of the world while incorporating magical elements, often blurring the lines between speculation and reality. ''Magical realism'' is the most commonly used of the three terms and refers to literature in particular, with magical or supernatural phenomena presented in an otherwise real-world or mundane setting, and is commonly found in novels and dramatic performances. In his article "Magical Realism in Spanish American Literature", Luis Leal explains the difference between magic literature and magical realism, stating that, "Magical realism is not magic literature either. Its aim, unlike that of magic, is to express emotions, not to evoke them." Despite including certain magic elements, it is generally considered to be a different genre from fantasy because magical realism uses a substantial amount of realistic detail and employs magical elements to make a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fazil Iskander
Fazil Abdulovich Iskander (6 March 1929 – 31 July 2016) was a Soviet and Russian"There's no doubt I'm a Russian writer who praised Abkhazia a lot. Unfortunately, I haven't written anything in the Abkhaz language. The choice of Russian culture was principal to me." interview in Rossiyskaya Gazeta'', March 4, 2011 (in Russian) writer and poet known in the former Soviet Union for his descriptions of Caucasian life. He authored various stories, including "Zashita Chika", which features a crafty and likeable young boy named "Chik", but is probably best known for the picaresque novel ''Sandro of Chegem'' and its sequel ''The Gospel According to Chegem''. Biography Early life Fazil Abdulovich Iskander was born in 1929 in the cosmopolitan port city of Sukhumi, Georgia (then part of the USSR) to an Iranian father (Abdul Ibragimovich Iskander) and an Abkhazian mother (Leili Khasanovna Iskander).Christine Rydel''Russian Prose Writers After World War II, Volume 302'' p 122. Thomson Gal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubykh People
The Ubykh ( ; ; ; ) are an ethnic group of the Circassian nation, represented by one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. Along with the Circassian tribes of Natukhai and Shapsug, the Ubykh formed the Circassian Assembly ( Adyghe: Адыгэ Хасэ) in 1860. Historically, they spoke a distinct Ubykh language, which never existed in written form and went extinct in 1992 when Tevfik Esenç, the last speaker, died. History The Ubykh used to inhabit the capital of Circassia, Sache (Circassian: ''Шъачэ'', lit. seaside) — present-day Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The province of the Ubykh tribe was situated between the Shapsug tribe near Tuapse and the Sadz (Dzhigets) in the north of Gagra. The Ubykh tribe were mentioned in book IV of Procopius' '' De Bello Gothico'' (''The Gothic War''), under the name βροῦχοι (''Bruchi''), a corruption of the native term tʷaχ. In the 1667 book of Evliya Çelebi, the Ubykh were mentioned as Ubúr without ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robin Hood
Robin Hood is a legendary noble outlaw, heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature, theatre, and cinema. According to legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. In some versions of the legend, he is depicted as being of noble birth, and in modern retellings he is sometimes depicted as having fought in the Crusades before returning to England to find his lands taken by the Sheriff of Nottingham (position), Sheriff. In the oldest known versions, he is instead a member of the yeoman class. He is traditionally depicted dressed in Lincoln green. Today, he is most closely associated with his stance of "redistribution of income and wealth, robbing the rich to give to the poor". There exists no canonical version of the Robin Hood mythos, which has resulted in different creators imbuing their adaptations with different messages over the centuries. Adaptations have often vacillated between a libertarian version of Robin Hood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagrat Shinkuba
Bagrat Uasyl-ipa Shinkuba (12 May 1917 – 25 February 2004) was an Abkhaz writer, poet, historian, linguist and politician. He studied history and languages of Abkhaz, Adyghe and Ubykh people. A prolific poet, Bagrat Shinkuba published ''First Songs'', his first volume of poetry in 1935. His novel ''The Last of the Departed'' is dedicated to the tragic destiny of Ubykh nation, which became extinct along a hundred of years. From 1953 to 1958, he was chair of the Writer's Union of Abkhazia. From 1958 to 1978 he was the Chairman of the Supreme Council Presidium of the Abkhaz ASSR. Works Bagrat Shinkuba. ''The Last of the Departed'' on Adyghe Library* Иалкаау иоымтакуа, т. 1–2, Akya, 1967–68; в рус. пер. — Избранное. �редисл. К. Симонова М., 1976. Notes References Bibliography * Цвинариа В. Л., Творчество Б. В. Шинкуба, Тб., 1970 (in Russian). External links Размышления ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhajirs (play)
Muhajir or Mohajir (, '; pl. , ') is an Arabic word meaning ''migrant'' (see immigration and emigration) which is also used in other languages spoken by Muslims, including English. In English, this term and its derivatives may refer in a general sense to individuals or groups, including the following incomplete list: Social groups * Muhajirun, the early Muslims (Muhammad and his companions) who migrated from Mecca to Medina in modern-day Saudi Arabia * Muhajir (Pakistan), a term used to refer to an multi-origin ethnic group of Pakistan, which includes the Muslims, who migrated from various parts of present-day India, to settle in the newly created state for Muslims, Pakistan (mainly after the Partition of India in August 1947), and their descendants * Muhacir (Turkish variant), Ottoman Muslims who emigrated to Anatolia from the late 18th century until the end of the 20th century * Muhaxhir (Albanians), Ottoman Albanian communities that left their homes as refugees or were transfe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Gulia
Dmitry Iosif-ipa Gulia (; 9 February 1874 – 7 April 1960) was an Abkhazian Soviet writer and poet, considered to be one of the founders of Abkhaz literature. He is often called “The Father of Abkhazian Literature”. Dmitry Gulia was born to a peasant family in village, in the modern Gulripshi District of Abkhazia. Gulia studied at a teacher seminary in the Georgian city of Gori. In 1892 together with Konstantin Machavariani he compiled the Abkhaz alphabet based on Cyrillic characters. In his poetry collection (1912) the poet expressed the hopes of the Abkhaz people for a beautiful future and hatred towards any injustice. In 1921 Gulia organized and headed the first Abkhaz theater group. He was an editor of the first Abkhaz newspaper ''Apsny'' (Abkhazia). His diverse activities reached the culmination in the Soviet times. His lyrics are penetrated with the pathos of creation, friendship, and unity of nations (epics Song about Abkhazia, 1940, Autumn in the Countryside, 1946, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abkhaz Language
Abkhaz, also known as Abkhazian, is a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian language most closely related to Abaza language, Abaza. It is spoken mostly by the Abkhazians, Abkhaz people. It is one of the official languages of Abkhazia, where around 190,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia (country), Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan, and several Western countries. 27 October is the day of the Abkhazian language in Georgia (country), Georgia. Classification Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian language and is thus related to Adyghe language, Adyghe. The language of Abkhaz is especially close to Abaza language, Abaza, and they are sometimes considered dialects of the same language,''B. G. Hewitt Abkhaz 1979;'' page 1. Abazgi, of which the literary dialects of Abkhaz and Abaza are simply two ends of a dialect continuum. Grammatically, the two ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphabet Book
An alphabet book is a type of children's book giving basic instruction in an alphabet. Intended for young children, alphabet books commonly use pictures, simple language and alliteration to aid language learning. Alphabet books are published in several languages, and some distinguish the capitals and lower case letters in a given alphabet. Some alphabet books are intended for older audiences, using the simplicity of the genre as a device to convey humor or other concepts. Purposes Alphabet books introduce the sounds and letters of an ordered alphabet. As elementary educational tools, Alphabet books provide opportunities for: #Developing conversations and proficiency in oral language #Providing alphabet path of motion lessons #Increasing phonemic awareness #Teaching phonics #Making text connections (Activating prior knowledge) #Predicting (Text talk) #Building vocabulary #Inferencing / drawing conclusions #Sequencing #Identifying elements of story structure #Recognizing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
