Abdul-Karim Al-Jundi
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Abdul-Karim Al-Jundi
Abd al-Karim al-Jundi (; 1932 – 2 March 1969) was a Syrian military officer and founding member of the Ba'ath Party's Military Committee which took over power in the country after the 1963 military coup. He also served as Minister of Agrarian Reform, and Director of the National Security Bureau. Biography Early life Al-Jundi was born to a small landowning family in the rural town of Salamiyah in the Hamah Governorate. Though Salamiyah was a predominantly Ismaili town, al-Jundi belonged to the Sunni minority of the area and would later in life be known as 'an inciter of anti-Ismaili sentiments.' Al-Jundi received his military training at the Homs Military Academy.Batatu, 1999, p. 153. Ba'ath Party Al-Jundi, like many members of his family, joined the Ba'ath Party early in his youth. In 1960, al-Jundi, then a captain in the army of the United Arab Republic (UAR), became a founding member of the secretive Military Committee of the Ba'ath Party. In the beginning, the Military ...
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Ministry Of Agriculture And Agrarian Reform (Syria)
Ministry may refer to: Government * Ministry (collective executive), the complete body of government ministers under the leadership of a prime minister * Ministry (government department), a department of a government Religion * Christian ministry, activity by Christians to spread or express their faith ** Minister (Christianity), clergy authorized by a church or religious organization to perform teaching or rituals ** Ordination, the process by which individuals become clergy * Ministry of Jesus, activities described in the Christian gospels * ''Ministry'' (magazine), a magazine for pastors published by the Seventh-day Adventist Church Music * Ministry (band), an American industrial metal band * Ministry of Sound, a London nightclub and record label Fiction * Ministry of Magic, governing body in the ''Harry Potter'' series * Ministry of Darkness, a professional wrestling stable led by The Undertaker See also * Minister (other) * Department (other) * ...
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1963 Syrian Coup D'état
The 1963 Syrian coup d'état, labelled in Ba'athist historiography as the "March 8 Revolution" (), was the seizure of power in Syrian Republic (1946-63), Syria by the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region#Military Bureau, military committee of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, Syrian Regional Branch of the Ba'ath Party, Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The planning and the unfolding conspiracy of the Syrian Ba'athism, Ba'athist operatives were prompted by the Ba'ath party's February 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, seizure of power in Iraq in February 1963. The coup was planned by the military committee, rather than the Ba'ath Party's civilian leadership, but Michel Aflaq, the leader of the party, consented to the conspiracy. The leading members of the military committee throughout the planning process and in the immediate aftermath of taking power were Muhammad Umran, Salah Jadid and Hafez al-Assad, who belonged to the minority Alawites, Alawite community. The commi ...
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1961 Syrian Coup D'état
The Syrian coup d'état of 1961 was an uprising by disgruntled Syrian Army officers on 28 September 1961, that resulted in the break-up of the United Arab Republic and the restoration of an independent Syrian Republic (1946–63), Syrian Republic. While the Armed Forces of the United Arab Republic, army had all the power, it chose not to rule directly and instead entrusted politicians from the List of political parties in Syria, traditional political parties of the earlier Syrian Republic to form the secessionist government. The restored country was a continuation of the Syrian Republic, but due to the influence of Nasserism, Nasserists and Arab nationalism, Arab nationalists it adopted a new name and became the Syria, Syrian Arab Republic. The restored regime was fragile and chaotic as internal army struggles influenced government policy. The traditionalist conservative politicians were increasingly out of touch with the radicalized army, which eventually swept the old order away ...
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Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and revolutionary who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and introduced Land reform in Egypt, far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 Attempted assassination of Gamal Abdel Nasser, assassination attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member, he cracked down on the organization, put President Mohamed Naguib under house arrest and assumed executive office. He was 1956 Egyptian referendum, formally elected president in June 1956. Nasser's popularity in Egypt and the Arab world skyrocketed after his Suez Canal Authority, nationalization of the Suez Canal and his political victory in the subsequent Suez Crisis, known in Egypt as the ''Tripartite Aggression''. Calls for Arab Union, pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Ar ...
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Muhammad Umran
Major General Muhammad Umran (; 1922 – 4 March 1972) was a Syrian military officer and founding member of the Military Committee of the unitary Ba'ath Party. He was a leading figure in Syrian politics from the 1963 Syrian coup d'état until the 1966 coup d'état. Life and career Umran was born in 1922 into an Alawite smallholder family which belonged to the Khayyatin tribe. He hailed from al-Mukharram, a village situated in the mountains east of Homs. He studied at the Homs Military Academy and joined the Ba'ath Party in 1947. Umran served in the Syrian Army during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and became active in politics following the military's forceful intervention in Syrian politics during the 1940s and 1950s. He played a small role under the aegis of Akram al-Hawrani in the 1954 uprising against Adib Shishakli's rule. He was one of the five founding members of the Military Committee, the other founding members were Hafez al-Assad, Salah Jadid, Ahmad al-Mir an ...
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Ahmad Al-Mir
Ahmad () is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other English spellings of the name include Ahmed. It is also used as a surname. Etymology The word derives from the root ( ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the verb (''ḥameda'', "to thank or to praise"), non-past participle (). Lexicology As an Arabic name, it has its origins in a Quranic prophecy attributed to Jesus in the Quran which most Islamic scholars concede is about Muhammad. It also shares the same roots as Mahmud, Muhammad, Hamed, and Hamad. In its transliteration, the name has one of the highest number of spelling variations in the world. Some Islamic traditions view the name Ahmad as another given name of Muhammad at birth by his mother, considered by Muslims to be the more esoteric name of Muhammad and central to understanding his nature. Over the centuries, some Islamic scholars have suggested the name's parallel is in the word 'Paraclete' from the Biblical text,"Isa" ...
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Salah Jadid
Salah Jadid (; 1926 – 19 August 1993) was a Syrian military officer and politician who was the leader of the far-left bloc of the Syrian Regional Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the ''de facto'' leader of Ba'athist Syria from 1966 until 1970, when he was ousted by Hafez al-Assad's Corrective Movement. Jadid came to power after a coup in 1966. Although he did not rule directly, preferring to remain in the shadows, he wielded all real power in Syria through his allies in key positions of power. In just four years in power, Jadid built a totalitarian neo-Ba’athist regime, sometimes called "neo-Marxist". His harsh imposition of radical socialist ideology, brutal repression, and anti-religious policies alienated almost all sectors of Syrian society. His foreign policy alienated most of Syria's potential allies in the Arab world and triggered the Six-Day War. Salah Jadid was overthrown by his former colleague Hafez al-Assad in 1970 in the so-called "Corrective Movement". Ea ...
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Hafez Al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad (6 October 193010 June 2000) was a Syrian politician and military officer who was the president of Syria from 1971 until Death and state funeral of Hafez al-Assad, his death in 2000. He was previously the Prime Minister of Syria, prime minister from 1970 to 1971 as well as the regional secretary of the Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, regional command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and secretary general of the Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction), National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. Assad was a key participant in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état, which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power in the country, a power that lasted until the Fall of the Assad regime, fall of the regime in 2024, then led by his son Bashar al-Assad, Bashar. After the 1963 coup, the new leadership appointed Assad as ...
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Military Committee (Syria)
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily Weapon, armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstructi ...
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United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic (UAR; ) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 to 1971. It was initially a short-lived political union between Republic of Egypt (1953–1958), Egypt (including Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic, Egyptian-governed Gaza) and Second Syrian Republic, Syria from 1958 until Syria seceded from the union following the 1961 Syrian coup d'état. Egypt continued to be known officially as the United Arab Republic until it was formally dissolved by Anwar Sadat in September 1971. The republic was led by Gamal Abdel Nasser as the President of Egypt, Egyptian president. The UAR was a member of the United Arab States, a loose confederation with the Kingdom of Yemen, Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, which was dissolved in 1961. It was a brief pan-Arab union. History Origins The United Arab Republic was established on 1 February 1958 as the first step towards a larger Pan-Arabism, pan-Arab state, originally being proposed to Egyptian ...
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Captain (OF-2)
The army rank of captain (from the French ) is a commissioned officer rank historically corresponding to the command of a company of soldiers. The rank is also used by some air forces and marine forces, but usually refers to a more senior officer. History The term ultimately goes back to Late Latin meaning "head of omething; in Middle English adopted as in the 14th century, from Old French . The military rank of captain was in use from the 1560s, referring to an officer who commands a company. The naval sense, an officer who commands a man-of-war, is somewhat earlier, from the 1550s, later extended in meaning to "master or commander of any kind of vessel". A captain in the period prior to the professionalization of the armed services of European nations subsequent to the French Revolution, during the early modern period, was a nobleman who purchased the right to head a company from the previous holder of that right. He would in turn receive money from another nobleman t ...
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Homs Military Academy
Homs Military Academy () is a military educational and training institution located in Homs, Syria. History Establishment Homs Military Academy was founded in 1933 by France during the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. During the period of French administration the academy provided officer training for the ''Troupes Speciales du Levant'' - the locally recruited Syrian and Lebanese units forming part of the Army of the Levant. Continuing in existence after the end of the Mandate in 1943 and throughout various political changes, it remains the oldest and largest military service institution in Syria. At first, it was primarily an academy for infantry officers, while graduates who selected the other services went on to additional specialized training at other army-operated specialist schools. Graduates were often selected for a military academy in the Soviet Union. Homs Academy admitted entrants who did not possess high level education qualifications, as well as offering a relativ ...
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