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A Twig Of A Wish
''A Twig of a Wish'' ( Persian: نهال آرزو) is a 1924 poem by Iranian poet Parvin E'tesami. History Parvin Etesami (1907–1941) grew up in an intellectual environment, under supervision of her father Yusuf Etesami who had a literary background. Etesami's poem “A Twig of a Wish” was written for her high school graduation ceremony from the Iran Bethel School in the spring of 1924. It was daring to assemble an audience at the girls’ school's ceremony, and for Etesami to speak out directly about the importance of women's education and women's rights just before the Reza Shah Pahlavi–era. In “A Twig of a Wish,” Parvin Etesami Parvin E'tesami (1907 – April 5, 1941) also known as Rakhshandeh Etesami ( fa, رخشنده اعتصامی), and Parvin Etesami ( fa, پروین اعتصامی), was an Iranian 20th-century Persian poet. Life Parvin E'tesami was born in 1907 i ... complains about the lack of respect and opportunities for woman. She asserts women's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian (), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible standard language, standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari, Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964) and Tajik language, Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate society, Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Ira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parvin E'tesami
Parvin E'tesami (1907 – April 5, 1941) also known as Rakhshandeh Etesami ( fa, رخشنده اعتصامی), and Parvin Etesami ( fa, پروین اعتصامی), was an Iranian 20th-century Persian poet. Life Parvin E'tesami was born in 1907 in Tabriz to parent, Mirza Yussef Etessami Ashtiani (E'tesam-al-Molk). Her paternal grandfather was Mirza Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk. Her grandfather Mirza Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk was originally from Ashtiyan, but moved to Tabriz and was appointed financial controller of the province of Azerbaijan by the Qajar administration. E'tesami had four brothers, her mother died in 1973. Her family moved to Tehran early in her life, and in addition to the formal schooling, she obtained a solid understanding of Arabic and classical Persian literature from her father. At the age of 8 she started writing poems. She studied at the Iran Bethel School in Tehran, an American high school for girls where she graduated in 1924. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yusuf Etesami
Yussef E'tesami (also known as, E'tesam-al-Molk, Mirza Yusuf E'tesami Ashtiani; 1874–1938), was an Iranian journalist, politician, publisher, translator, and writer. He was a member of the second Majles (from 1909 to 1912). His daughter was poet Parvin E'tesami. Biography Yussef E'tesami was born in 1874. His father, Mīrzā Ebrāhīm Khan Mostawfī Eʿteṣām-al-Molk was from Ashtian and the head of finance of the Iranian province of Azerbaijan. He was the elder brother of the architect and painter Abolhassan E'tesami, and the father of the poet Parvin E'tesami. In the 1890s, Yussef E'tesami established the first typographical printing house in Tabriz. He was a member of the Iranian Parliament or Majles in 1909–12, and founded the ''Bahar'' journal in 1910. At various junctures, he served in the Ministry of Education and headed the Royal and Majles Libraries. The ''Bahar'' journal was a sixty-four-page monthly published in two periods; from April 1910– October 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran Bethel School
Iran Bethel School (1874–1968) was a school in Tehran, established by an American Presbyterian missionary organization for girls in 1874. It was the precursor to the Damavand College. History The Iran Bethel School opened in 1874 as a girls primary school. They later expanded to a middle school and high school (named Nurbaskhsh). The school initially only enrolled European and Iranian Christian students, up until 1888. In the early years of the school they did not charge tuition and provided free board and clothing to students, but by the early 20th century they started to change policy. Other schools started by the Presbyterian missionaries in Iran include Sage College, Fiske Seminary, and Alborz High School (also known as Alborz College). The Presbyterian Mission Station recorded the purchase of property to be used for a church and school on Qavam e Saltaneh on February 11, 1886. The name "Iran Bethel" was formally approved in 1889. Crimson was chosen for the school color ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Female Education
Female education is a catch-all term of a complex set of issues and debates surrounding education ( primary education, secondary education, tertiary education, and health education in particular) for girls and women. It is frequently called girls' education or women's education. It includes areas of gender equality and access to education. The education of women and girls is important connection to the alleviation of poverty. Broader related topics include single-sex education and religious education for women, in which education is divided gender lines. Inequalities in education for girls and women are complex: women and girls face explicit barriers to entry to school, for example, violence against women or prohibitions of girls from going to school, while other problems are more systematic and less explicit, for example, science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education disparities are deep rooted, even in Europe and North America. In some Western countrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reza Shah Pahlavi
, , spouse = Maryam Savadkoohi Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlu (queen consort) Turan Amirsoleimani Esmat Dowlatshahi , issue = Princess Hamdamsaltaneh Princess ShamsMohammad Reza ShahPrincess Ashraf Prince Ali Reza Prince Gholam Reza Prince Abdul Reza Prince Ahmad Reza Prince Mahmoud Reza Princess Fatemeh Prince Hamid Reza , house = Pahlavi , father = Abbas-Ali Khan , mother = Noush-Afarin , religion = , birth_date = , birth_place = Alasht, Savadkuh, Mazandaran, Sublime State of Persia , death_date = , death_place = Johannesburg, Union of South Africa , burial_place = 7 May 1950 Mausoleum of Reza Shah, Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine, Rey , signature = , module = Reza Shah Pahlavi ( fa, رضا شاه پهلوی; ; originally Reza Khan (); 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian military officer, politician (who served as minister of war and prime minister), and first shah of the House of Pahlavi of the Imperial St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right To Education
The right to education has been recognized as a human right in a number of international conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which recognizes a right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all with the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education. In 2021, 171 states were parties to the Covenant. In 2019, an estimated 260 million children worldwide did not have access to school education, and social inequality was a major cause. The Human Rights Measurement Initiative measures the right to education for countries around the world, based on their level of income. International legal basis The right to education is reflected in article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: "Everyone has t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Marriage
Forced marriage is a marriage in which one or more of the parties is married without their consent or against their will. A marriage can also become a forced marriage even if both parties enter with full consent if one or both are later forced to stay in the marriage against their will. A forced marriage differs from an arranged marriage, in which both parties presumably consent to the assistance of their parents or a third party such as a matchmaker in finding and choosing a spouse. There is often a continuum of coercion used to compel a marriage, ranging from outright physical violence to subtle psychological pressure. Though now widely condemned by international opinion, forced marriages still take place in various cultures across the world, particularly in parts of South Asia and Africa. Some scholars object to use of the term "forced marriage" because it invokes the consensual legitimating language of marriage (such as husband/wife) for an experience that is precise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others, they are ignored and suppressed. They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.Hosken, Fran P., 'Towards a Definition of Women's Rights' in ''Human Rights Quarterly'', Vol. 3, No. 2. (May 1981), pp. 1–10. Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to bodily integrity and autonomy, to be free from sexual violence, to vote, to hold public office, to enter into legal contracts, to have equal rights in family law, to work, to fair wages or equal pay, to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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