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ATC Code M02
M02A Topical products for joint and muscular pain M02AA Anti-inflammatory preparations, non-steroids for topical use :M02AA01 Phenylbutazone :M02AA02 Mofebutazone :M02AA03 Clofezone :M02AA04 Oxyphenbutazone :M02AA05 Benzydamine :M02AA06 Etofenamate :M02AA07 Piroxicam :M02AA08 Felbinac :M02AA09 Bufexamac :M02AA10 Ketoprofen :M02AA11 Bendazac :M02AA12 Naproxen :M02AA13 Ibuprofen :M02AA14 Fentiazac :M02AA15 Diclofenac :M02AA16 Feprazone :M02AA17 Niflumic acid :M02AA18 Meclofenamic acid :M02AA19 Flurbiprofen :M02AA21 Tolmetin :M02AA22 Suxibuzone :M02AA23 Indometacin :M02AA24 Nifenazone :M02AA25 Aceclofenac :M02AA26 Nimesulide :M02AA27 Dexketoprofen :M02AA28 Piketoprofen :M02AA29 Esflurbiprofen :M02AA31 Loxoprofen :QM02AA99 Antiinflammatory preparations, non-steroids for topical use, combinations M02AB Capsaicin and similar agents :M02AB01 Capsaicin :M02AB02 Zucapsaicin M02AC Preparations with salicylic acid derivatives :QM02AC99 Preparations with salicylic acid derivatives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone, often referred to as "bute", is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the short-term treatment of pain and fever in animals. In the United States and United Kingdom, it is no longer approved for human use (except in the United Kingdom for ankylosing spondylitis), as it can cause severe adverse effects such as suppression of white blood cell production and aplastic anemia. This drug was implicated in the 2013 meat adulteration scandal. Positive phenylbutazone tests in horse meat were uncommon in the UK, however. Uses In humans Phenylbutazone was originally made available for use in humans for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gout in 1949. However, it is no longer approved, and therefore not marketed, for any human use in the United States. In the UK it is used to treat ankylosing spondylitis, but only when other therapies are unsuitable. In horses Phenylbutazone is the most commonly used NSAID for horses in the United States.McIlwraith CW, Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meclofenamic Acid
Meclofenamic acid (used as meclofenamate sodium, brand name Meclomen) is a drug used for joint, muscular pain, arthritis and dysmenorrhea. It is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives (or fenamate) class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and was approved by the US FDA in 1980. Like other members of the class, it is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, preventing the formation of prostaglandins. Scientists led by Claude Winder from Parke-Davis invented meclofenamate sodium in 1964, along with fellow members of the class, mefenamic acid in 1961 and flufenamic acid in 1963. Patents on the drug expired in 1985 and several generics were introduced in the US, but as of July 2015 only Mylan still sold it. It is not widely used in humans as it has a high rate (30-60%) rate of gastrointestinal side effects. Adverse effects In October 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the drug label to be updated for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zucapsaicin
Zucapsaicin (Civanex) is a medication used to treat osteoarthritis of the knee and other neuropathic pain. It is applied three times daily for a maximum of three months. Zucapsaicin is a member of phenols and a member of methoxybenzenes It is a modulator of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV-1), also known as the vanilloid or capsaicin receptor 1 that reduces pain, and improves articular functions. It is the ''cis''-isomer of capsaicin. Civamide, manufactured by Winston Pharmaceuticals, is produced in formulations for oral, nasal, and topical use (patch and cream). Zucapsaicin has been tested for treatment of a variety of conditions associated with ongoing nerve pain. This includes herpes simplex infections; cluster headaches and migraine; and knee osteoarthritis. It was approved by the Health Canada in 2010 as topical cream marketed under the brand name Zuacta but currently not FDA-approved. It has a melting point of 71.5–74.5. Pharmacolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capsaicin
Capsaicin (8-methyl-''N''-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) ( or ) is an active component of chili peppers, which are plants belonging to the genus ''Capsicum''. It is a chemical irritant for mammals, including humans, and produces a sensation of burning in any tissue with which it comes into contact. Capsaicin and several related alkaloids are called capsaicinoids and are produced as secondary metabolites by chili peppers, probably as deterrents against certain mammals and fungi.What Made Chili Peppers So Spicy? Talk of the Nation, 15 August 2008. Pure capsaicin is a , colorless, highly pungent, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loxoprofen
Loxoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the propionic acid derivatives group, which also includes ibuprofen and naproxen among others. It is available in some countries for oral administration. A transdermal preparation was approved for sale in Japan in January 2006; medicated tape and gel formulations followed in 2008 and 2010. It was patented in 1977 and approved for medical use in 1986. Pharmacokinetics Loxoprofen is a prodrug. It is quickly converted to its active ''trans''-alcohol metabolite following oral administration, and reaches its peak plasma concentration within 30 to 50 minutes. Mechanism of action As most NSAIDs, loxoprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and works by reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Interactions Loxoprofen should not be administered at the same time as second-generation quinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, as it increases their inhibition of GABA and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piketoprofen
Piketoprofen (INN; trade names Calmatel, Picalm) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for topical use in form of a cream. Chemically, it is the 4-picolineamide of the NSAID ketoprofen Ketoprofen is one of the propionic acid class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic effects. It acts by inhibiting the body's production of prostaglandin. It was patented in 1967 and approved for medica .... References Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Benzophenones Propionamides Pyridines {{musculoskeletal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dexketoprofen
Dexketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is manufactured by Menarini, under the tradename Keral. It is available in the UK, as dexketoprofen trometamol, as a prescription-only drug and in Latin America as Enantyum, produced by Menarini. Also, in Italy and Spain it is available as an over-the-counter drug (OTC) under the trade name Enantyum. In Hungary it is available from a pharmacy as “Ketodex”. In Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia it is available as an OTC under the tradename Dolmen In Mexico it is available in tablet form as "Stadium" made by Menarini. It is the dextrorotatory stereoisomer of ketoprofen. Chemistry Dexketoprofen is the (''S'')-enantiomer of ketoprofen. Technically it is a chiral switch of (±)-ketoprofen. The switch was done for a faster onset of action, a better therapeutic value. Medical uses Short-term treatment of mild to moderate pain, including dysmenorrhoea. It is also used for migraines and knee pain. Side effect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nimesulide
Nimesulide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with pain medication and fever reducing properties. Its approved indications are the treatment of acute pain, the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis, and primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescents and adults above 12 years old. Side effects may include liver problems. It has a multifactorial mode of action and is characterized by a fast onset of action. It works by blocking the production of prostaglandins (a chemical associated with pain), thereby relieving pain and inflammation. Medical uses It may be used for pain, including period pains. Nimesulide is not recommended long-term, as for chronic conditions such as arthritis. This is due to its association with an increased risk of liver toxicity, including liver failure. Despite its risk of hepatotoxicity, a 2012 evaluation by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) concluded that the overall benefit/risk profile of nimesulide is favourable and in line with that of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aceclofenac
Aceclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) analog of diclofenac. It is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. It was patented in 1983 and approved for medical use in 1992. Side effects Aceclofenac should not be given to people with porphyria or breast-feeding mothers, and is not recommended for children. It should be avoided near term in a pregnant woman because of the risk of having a premature closure of ductus arteriosus leading to fetal hydrops in the neonate. Chemistry Aceclofenac (C16H13Cl2NO4), chemically 2- phenylacetooxyacetic acid is a crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 354.19. It is practically insoluble in water with good permeability. It is metabolized in human hepatocytes and human microsomes to form -(2',6'-dichloro-4'-hydroxy- phenylamino) phenylacetoxyacetic acid as the major metabolite, which is then further conjugated. According to the Biopharmaceuti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nifenazone
Nifenazone is a drug that has been used as an analgesic for a number of rheumatic Rheumatology (Greek ''ῥεῦμα'', ''rheûma'', flowing current) is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and management of disorders whose common feature is inflammation in the bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs. Rheumatolog ... conditions. See also * Aminopyrine References Pyrazolones Nicotinamides {{musculoskeletal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indometacin
Indometacin, also known as indomethacin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as a prescription medication to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling from inflammation. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, endogenous signaling molecules known to cause these symptoms. It does this by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the production of prostaglandins. It was patented in 1961 and approved for medical use in 1963. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2020, it was the 320th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800thousand prescriptions. Medical uses As an NSAID, indometacin is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic. Clinical indications for indometacin include: Joint diseases *rheumatoid arthritis *ankylosing spondylitis *osteoarthritis *gouty arthritis *acute painful shoulder bursitis or tendinitis Headaches *Trigeminal autonomic ceph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
