|
A184 Torpedo
The A184 is an Italian heavyweight wire-guided torpedo originally developed by Whitehead SpA. It can be launched from surface vessels and submarines and locates the target using an acoustic seeker. The torpedo body is of a standard 21-inch (533 mm) form factor. Description Development began in 1967, with incremental development continuing until 1978. In spring of 1969, the weapon's development was funded by a contract with the Italian Navy. In 1971, an official staff requirement was issued to develop a replacement for the earlier G62ef ''Canguro'', acoustic homing G6e, and Second World War-era straight-running G7e, the latter of which remained in production by Whitehead until the early 1970s. The new torpedo incorporated battery propulsion modern to the time period. The A184 prototype was tested in 1973 and the weapon entered service in 1974. The seeker head of the A184 possesses digital active and passive terminal homing using two semicircular arrays, one in the vertical and one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-submarine Warfare
Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in the older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations are typically carried out to protect friendly shipping and coastal facilities from submarine attacks and to overcome blockades. Successful ASW operations typically involve a combination of sensor and weapon technologies, along with effective deployment strategies and sufficiently trained personnel. Typically, sophisticated sonar equipment is used for first detecting, then classifying, locating, and tracking a target submarine. Sensors are therefore a key element of ASW. Common weapons for attacking submarines include torpedoes and naval mines, which can both be launched from an array of air, surface, and underwater platforms. ASW capabilities are often considered of significant strategic importance, particularly following provocative instanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maestrale-class Frigate
The ''Maestrale'' class was a class of frigates of the Italian Navy. The class is composed of eight vessels, all of which were built by Fincantieri S.p.A., Riva Trigoso, except for ''Grecale'', which was built by Fincantieri S.p.A. – Muggiano, La Spezia. The ''Maestrale''-class frigates were primarily designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), however the ships are highly flexible so they are also capable of anti-air and anti-surface operations. Ships of this class have been widely used in various international missions, either under NATO or UN flag, and during normal operations of the Italian Navy. The first of these ships entered in service in early 1982. The rest of the fleet was launched over the next three years. The ships of the ''Maestrale'' class will be replaced by the ''Bergamini'' class. Design These ships were built with the experience and the technology already developed for the previous . The ''Maestrale''s were quite bigger and heavier, so they were slower, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark 37 Torpedo
The Mark 37 torpedo is a torpedo with electrical propulsion, developed for the US Navy after World War II. It entered service with the US Navy in the early 1950s, with over 3,300 produced. It was phased out of service with the US Navy during the 1970s, and the stockpiles were sold to foreign navies. Development Its engineering development began in 1946 by Westinghouse. It was largely based on the concept of the passive homing Mark 27, with added active homing system tested on modified Mark 18s, and a new torpedo body. Between 1955 and 1956, thirty torpedoes were produced for development testing, with large-scale production commenced shortly afterwards. Due to its electric propulsion, the torpedo swam smoothly out of the launch tube, instead of having to be ejected by pressurized air, therefore significantly reducing its acoustic launch signature. To allow for water flow around the torpedo while swimming out, several 1" thick guide studs were attached to the torpedo, which al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese 53 Cm Torpedo
Numerous 53 cm (21-inch, 533 mm) torpedoes have been used by the Imperial Japanese Navy and its successor, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, since their first development just before the First World War. Torpedoes of 21-inch caliber are the primary size category used worldwide. In Japan, they are used by surface ships and submarines, and comprise the predominant majority of submarine torpedoes; historically, aircraft and midget submarines used smaller Japanese 45 cm torpedo, 45 cm torpedoes, and surface ships additionally used Japanese 61 cm torpedo, 61 cm torpedoes. Japan also employs Japanese 32 cm torpedo, 32 cm torpedoes which conform to the NATO 12.75-inch (323.8 mm) standard; these are dedicated Anti-submarine warfare, ASW weapons, often delivered via aircraft. The 12.75 inch standard for light ASW torpedoes was originally defined by the dimensions of the Mark 46 torpedo. Prior to 6 October 1917, Imperial units, imperial measurements were used. After this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spearfish Torpedo
The Spearfish torpedo (formally Naval Staff Target 7525) is the heavy torpedo used by the submarines of the Royal Navy. It can be guided by Torpedo#Radio and wire guidance, wire or by acoustic homing, autonomous active or passive sonar, and provides both anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and anti-surface warfare (ASuW) capability. Spearfish development began in the 1970s, with production starting in 1988, and deployment in 1992. By 2004, the new weapon had completely replaced the older Tigerfish (torpedo), Tigerfish torpedo. Design The torpedo is driven by a pump-jet coupled to a Hamilton Sundstrand 21TP04 gas turbine engine using Otto fuel II and hydroxylammonium perchlorate as oxidiser. The addition of an oxidiser improves the specific energy of the fuel by reducing the fuel-richness of the Otto fuel. The Spearfish, which are capable of travelling at , were designed to catch high-speed, deep-diving Soviet Navy, Soviet threats such as the . A microprocessor enables the torpedo to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tigerfish Torpedo
The Mark 24 Tigerfish was a heavyweight acoustic homing torpedo used by the Royal Navy (RN) during the 1980s and 90s. Conceptual development dates to the mid-1950s, and formally started in 1959 with a target introduction date in 1969. A lengthy development process led to a greatly reduced performance requirement, including the removal of anti-surface capabilities. The first prototype "Tiger Fish" examples were delivered in 1967. The Tigerfish was fitted with both active and passive sonar and could be remotely controlled through a thin wire which connected it to the launching submarine. Wire guidance permits a torpedo to be launched on-first-warning, i.e. when a target is first detected at long range. This gives the torpedo the time needed to close the range while target course and speed are being updated by the submarine's superior sensors and transmitted 'down-the-wire'. The torpedo can also be reassigned to another target or recalled. Typically, wire-guided torpedoes initially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hai Lung-class Submarine
The ''Chien Lung'' ( zh, c=劍龍) class of submarine, also known as the ''Hai Lung'' (Sea Dragon) class, was manufactured in the Netherlands for Taiwan and is currently in service with its navy. They are a modified version of the Dutch Navy's which itself is based on the US . A new class of submarines being built by Taiwan's Indigenous Defense Submarine program, will eventually replace them. History The Republic of China (Taiwan) ordered two submarines, each based on the Dutch ''Zwaardvis'' design, in September 1981. The keels for both submarines were laid down by dock and yard company Wilton Fijenoord b.v Schiedam in December 1982, though initial construction of the submarines was delayed due to the builder's financial instability, work resumed in 1983. Both submarines were launched in 1986, ''Hai Lung'' on October 6 and ''Hai Hu'' on December 10. Sea trials for ''Hai Lung'' began in March 1987 and ''Hai Hu'' began its sea trials in January 1988. Both ships were transported ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Tusk
USS ''Tusk'' (SS-426), a , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the tusk, an alternate name for the cusk, a large edible saltwater fish related to the cod. Her keel was laid down on 23 August 1943 at Philadelphia by the Cramp Shipbuilding Company. She was launched on 8 July 1945 sponsored by Mrs. Carolyn Park Mills, and commissioned on 11 April 1946. ''Tusk'' and are erroneously listed with the ''Tench'' class in some sources, as their hull numbers are in the sequence assigned to that class. Shakedown and GUPPY Conversion ''Tusk'' completed her shakedown cruise in the southern Atlantic with a round of goodwill visits to Latin American ports. She called at Rio de Janeiro and Bahia in Brazil, Curaçao in the Netherlands West Indies, and at Colón in the Panama Canal Zone before returning to New London, Connecticut, in June. For the next year, she conducted operations along the East Coast between New London and Wilmington, North Carolina. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ula-class Submarine
The ''Ula'' class is a Norway, Norwegian submarine type which was assembled in Germany in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The class, consisting of six vessels, is currently the only submarine type in service with the Royal Norwegian Navy. History The ordering of a new Norwegian submersible design stemmed from a 1972 decision to modernise the Royal Norwegian Navy (RNoN) submarine flotilla, which then consisted of the aging submarines. The contract was signed on 30 September 1982 for six boats with Nordseewerke, Thyssen Nordseewerke, Emden. An option for two more submarines was included in the original deal, however, it was never picked up.Gardiner & Chumbly, 1995. p.292 The construction of the vessels was an international project. The combat systems were made in Norway by Kongsberg Gruppen, Kongsberg, the attack sonar is Germany, German and the flank sonars France, French. The hull sections were produced in Norway and assembled in Germany by Thyssen Nordseewerke. In Germany, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type 209 Submarine
The Type 209 () is a range of diesel-electric attack submarines developed exclusively for export by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany. Five class variants (Types 209/1100, 209/1200, 209/1300, 209/1400 and 209/1500), including modifications thereof, have been successfully exported to 15 countries, with 68 submarines being built and commissioned to five different variants between 1971 and 2021. More boats have been built to modified designs. The original variant, the Type 209/1100, was designed in the late 1960s with Greece becoming its first adopter. Turkey is the largest adopter, having purchased 14 submarines consisting of eight Type 209/1400 and six Type 209/1200 submarines. A non-specific variant was adopted by Israel as its first ''Dolphin'' class. The Type 209 family is the most widely proliferated submarine in Latin America, having been adopted by seven countries. Development In the early 1970s, many navies began to need replacements for World War II-era submari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type 212A Submarine
The Type 212A is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German Navy (), and the Italian Navy where it is known as the ''Todaro'' class. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens proton-exchange membrane (PEM) compressed hydrogen fuel cells. The submarines can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks with little exhaust heat. The system is also said to be vibration-free and virtually undetectable. The Type 212 is the first fuel cell propulsion system equipped submarine series. Development At the beginning of the 1990s the German Navy was seeking a replacement for the Type 206 submarines. Initial study started on a Type 209 improved design, with AIP capability, called Type 212. The final programme started in 1994 as the navies of Germany and Italy began working t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janes Information Services
Janes is a global open-source intelligence company specialising in military, national security, aerospace and transport topics, whose name derives from British author Fred T. Jane. History Jane's Information Group was founded in 1898 by Fred T. Jane, who had begun sketching ships as an enthusiast naval artist while living in Portsmouth. This gradually developed into an encyclopedic knowledge, culminating in the publishing of ''All the World's Fighting Ships'' (1898). The company then gradually branched out into other areas of military expertise. The books and trade magazines published by the company are often considered the ''de facto'' public source of information on warfare and transportation systems. Based in Greater London for most of its existence, the group was owned by the Thomson Corporation, the Woodbridge Company, then IHS Markit, before being acquired by Montagu Private Equity in 2019. In March 2022, Janes acquired Washington, D.C.-based RWR Advisory Group. Descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
