|
996 Schedule
The 996 working hour system ( zh, c=996工作制) is a work schedule practiced illegally by some companies in China. It derives its name from its requirement that employees work from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm, 6 days per week; i.e. 72 hours per week, 12 hours per day. A number of Mainland Chinese internet and tech companies have adopted this system as their official or de facto work schedule. Critics argue that the 996 working hour system is a violation of the Labour Law of the People's Republic of China and have called it "modern slavery". In March 2019, an "anti-996" protest was launched via GitHub. Since then, the 996 issue has been met with growing discontent in China. Background The culture of overtime work has a long history in Chinese IT companies, where the focus is typically on speed and cost reduction. Companies employ a range of measures, such as reimbursing taxi fares for employees who remain working at the office late into the night, to incentivize overtime work. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deaths From Karoshi
Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Some organisms, such as '' Turritopsis dohrnii'', are biologically immortal; however, they can still die from means other than aging. Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the equivalent for individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues, is necrosis. Something that is not considered an organism, such as a virus, can be physically destroyed but is not said ''to die'', as a virus is not considered alive in the first place. As of the early 21st century, 56 million people die per year. The most common reason is aging, followed by cardiovascular disease, which is a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels. As of 2022, an estimated total of almost 110 billion humans have died, or roughly 94% of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musculoskeletal Pain
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck and back. MSDs can arise from a sudden exertion (e.g., lifting a heavy object), or they can arise from making the same motions repeatedly (repetitive strain), or from repeated exposure to force, vibration, or awkward posture. Injuries and pain in the musculoskeletal system caused by acute traumatic events like a car accident or fall are not considered musculoskeletal disorders. MSDs can affect many different parts of the body including upper and lower back, neck, shoulders and extremities (arms, legs, feet, and hands). Examples of MSDs include carpal tunnel syndrome, epicondylitis, tendinitis, back pain, tension neck syndrome, and hand-arm vibration syndrome. Causes MSDs can arise from the interaction of physical factors with ergonomic, psychological, social, and occupational factors. Biomecha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy, Religious Confucianism, religion, theory of government, or way of life. Founded by Confucius in the Hundred Schools of Thought era (c. 500 BCE), Confucianism integrates philosophy, ethics, and social governance, with a core focus on virtue, Harmonious Society, social harmony, and Filial piety, familial responsibility. Confucianism emphasizes virtue through self-cultivation and communal effort. Key virtues include ''Ren (philosophy), ren'' (benevolence), ''Yi (philosophy), yi'' (righteousness), ''Li (Confucianism), li'' (propriety), ''Wisdom, zhi'' (wisdom), and ''Xin (virtue), xin'' (sincerity). These values, deeply tied to the notion of ''tian'' (heaven), present a worldview where human relationships and social order are manifestations of sacred moral principles.. While Confucianism does not emphasize an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEEE Software
''IEEE Software'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed magazine and scientific journal published by the IEEE Computer Society covering all aspects of software engineering, processes, and practices. Its mission is to be the best source of reliable, useful, peer-reviewed information for leading software practitioners—the developers and managers who want to keep up with rapid technology change. It was established in 1983 and is published by the IEEE Computer Society. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.3. ''IEEE Software'' received the APEX 2016 Award of Excellence in the "Magazines, Journals & Tabloids — Electronic" category. ''IEEE Software'' November/December 2016 issue, "The Role of the Software Architect," won the 2017 Folio Eddies Digital Award in the "Standalone Digital Magazine; Association/Non-Profit (B-to-B) – Standalone Digital Magazine – less than 6 issues" category. ''IEEE Software'' also received an honorable mention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissent (American Magazine)
''Dissent'' is an American Left intellectual magazine founded in 1954. It is published by the University of Pennsylvania Press on behalf of the Foundation for the Study of Independent Social Ideas and is currently edited by Natasha Lewis and Timothy Shenk. Former co-editors include Irving Howe, Mitchell Cohen, Michael Walzer, and David Marcus. History The magazine was established in 1954 by a group of New York Intellectuals, which included Lewis A. Coser, Rose Laub Coser, Irving Howe, Norman Mailer, Henry Pachter, and Meyer Schapiro. Its co-founder and publisher for its first 15 years was University Place Book Shop owner Walter Goldwater. From its inception, ''Dissent''s politics deviated from the standard ideological positions of the left and right. Like ''Politics (1940s magazine), Politics'', the ''New Left Review'' and the French socialist magazine ''Socialisme ou Barbarie'', ''Dissent'' sought to formulate a third position between the liberalism of the West and the communis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Labour Bulletin
China Labour Bulletin (CLB) was a non-governmental organization that promotes and defends workers' rights in the People's Republic of China. It was based in Hong Kong and was founded in 1994 by labour activist Han Dongfang. Overview CLB advocated stronger protection for the rights for Chinese workers, and expressed optimism that their conditions will improve through peaceful and legal action. CLB suppored the development of democratic trade unions in China and the enforcement of the PRC's labour laws. In addition, CLB saught the official recognition in China of international standards and conventions providing for workers' freedom of association and the right to free collective bargaining. In 2002 CLB established a labour rights litigation programme designed to give workers the chance to seek redress for their grievances through the PRC's court system. The organization provides legal advice for workers and arranges for mainland Chinese lawyers to handle their cases. By October ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suicide In China
China's suicide rates were one of the highest in the world in the 1990s. However, by 2011, China had one of the lowest suicide rates in the world. According to the World Health Organization, the suicide rate in China was 9.7 per 100,000 population as of 2016. Among men, the rate was 9.1 per 100,000 population. As a comparison, the suicide rate in the U.S. in 2016 was 15.3. Generally speaking, China seems to have a lower suicide rate than neighboring Korea, Russia and Japan, and it is more common among women than men and more common in the Yangtze Basin than elsewhere. Aside from the global suicide rate surge during the 2008 financial crisis, China's suicide rates have been declining since the late 20th century. In the 1990s China was among the countries with the highest suicide rates in the world (above 20 per 100,000), but by the 2008 financial crisis, they kept dropping as significantly (as they were by the end of 1990s) with the main force having been migration from rural to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karoshi
, which can be translated into "overwork death", is a Japanese language, Japanese term relating to occupation-related sudden death. The most common medical causes of karoshi deaths are myocardial infarction, heart attacks and strokes due to stress (biology), stress and malnourishment or fasting. Mental stress from the workplace can also cause workers to commit suicide in a phenomenon known as ''karōjisatsu'' (). Karoshi is also widespread in other parts of Asia. Generally, deaths from overwork are a worldwide occurrence. For example, over 770 wage labourers die of overwork annually in Sweden, a country with robust labour regulations. The death toll is, however, expected to increase in the future. History The first case of karoshi was reported in 1969 with the stroke-related death of a 29-year-old male worker in the Freight transport, shipping department of Japan's largest newspaper company. In 1988, the Labor Force Survey reported that almost one fourth of the male workin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinhua News Agency
Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: ),J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English or New China News Agency, is the official state news agency of the People's Republic of China. It is a ministry-level institution of the State Council. Founded in 1931, it is the largest media organ in China. Xinhua is a publisher, as well as a news agency; it publishes in multiple languages and is a channel for the distribution of information related to the Chinese government and the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Its headquarters in Beijing are located close to the central government's headquarters at Zhongnanhai. Xinhua tailors its pro-Chinese government message to the nuances of each international audience. The organization has faced criticism for spreading propaganda and disinformation and for criticizing people, groups, or movements critical of the Chinese government and its policies. History The predecessor to Xinhua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Diplomat (magazine)
''The Diplomat'' is an international online news magazine covering politics, society, and culture in the Indo-Pacific region. It is based in Washington, D.C. It was originally an Australian bi-monthly print magazine, founded by Minh Bui Jones, David Llewellyn-Smith and Sung Lee in 2001, but due to financial reasons it was converted into an online magazine in 2009 and moved to Japan and later Washington, D.C. In 2020, ''The Diplomat'' has a monthly unique visitor count of 2 million. The magazine is currently owned by MHT Corporation. History ''The Diplomat'' was originally an Australian bi-monthly print magazine, founded by Minh Bui Jones, David Llewellyn-Smith and Sung Lee in 2001. The first edition was published in April 2002, with Bui Jones as the founding editor and Llewellyn-Smith the founding publisher. The magazine was acquired by James Pach through his company Trans-Asia Inc. in December 2007. Pach assumed the role of executive publisher and hired former '' Pent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Daily
The ''People's Daily'' ( zh, s=人民日报, p=Rénmín Rìbào) is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It provides direct information on the policies and viewpoints of the CCP in multiple languages. It is the largest newspaper in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). History The paper was established on 15 June 1948 and was published in Pingshan County, Hebei. It was formed from the merger of the ''Jin-Cha-Ji Daily'' and the newspapers of the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu base area. On 15 March 1949, its office was moved to Beijing, and the original People's Daily Beijing edition was renamed ''Beijing Liberation Daily''. The newspaper ceased publication on 31 July 1949, with a total of 406 issues published. Since the newspaper was the official newspaper of the North China Central Bureau of the CCP, it was historically known as the ''North China People's Daily'' or the ''People's Daily North China Edition''. At the same time, in order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work–family Conflict
Work–family conflict occurs when an individual experiences incompatible demands between work and family roles, causing participation in both roles to become more difficult. This imbalance creates conflict at the work-life interface. It is important for organizations and individuals to understand the implications linked to work-family conflict. In certain cases, work–family conflict has been associated with increased occupational burnout, job stress, decreased health, and issues pertaining to organizational commitment and job performance. Foundation Work–family conflict was first studied in the late 19th century. During this time period, work and income moved from inside the home (agricultural work) to outside the home (factories). Industrialization challenged the current relationship between working and family. Boundary theory and border theory are the foundations used to study work-family conflict. Boundary theory divides social life into two interdependent section ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
