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555k Protests
The 555K protests were the first example of civil disobedience in the history of Turkey. They were organised by students for 5pm on 5 May 1960 in Kızılay, Ankara to protest against the ruling Democrat Party. Events The death of two students in the clashes between the police and the students during the 28-29 April events made the atmosphere in the country very tense. A group of young people decided to organise a protest. They mobilised others by word of mouth with the watchword "555k" - that is at 5pm on 5 May in Kızılay, but the details of exactly how or where the protest was to begin were unknown to those attending. At the agreed time, Cemal Süreya, Altan Öymen and their friends were ready for action but when none took initiative to start the protest they began it themselves around half past five. Arm in arm, they and their fellow students began whistling the Plevna March. As they walked, the pedestrians they passed made way for them, and some started to follow them. Thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active and professed refusal of a citizenship, citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders, or commands of a government (or any other authority). By some definitions, civil disobedience has to be nonviolent to be called "civil". Hence, civil disobedience is sometimes equated with peaceful protests or nonviolent resistance. Henry David Thoreau's essay ''Resistance to Civil Government'', first published in 1849 and then published posthumously in 1866 as ''Civil Disobedience (Thoreau), Civil Disobedience'', popularized the term in the US, although the concept itself was practiced long before this work. Various forms of civil disobedience have been used by prominent activists, such as Women's suffrage in the United States, American women's suffrage leader Susan B. Anthony in the late 19th century, Egyptian nationalist Saad Zaghloul during the 1910s, and Indian nationalist Mahatma Gandhi in 1920s British Raj, British India as part of his leadership of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refik Koraltan
Refik Koraltan (1889 – 17 June 1974) was a Turkish politician, having served as the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) from 22 May 1950 to 27 May 1960. Biography Koraltan was born in Divriği, Sivas Province, in 1889, the son of Ali Bey, a local leading citizen. Although he was known as Refik Koraltan, the name on his birth record was Bekir Refik. After completing the primary and middle education in Divriği, Koraltan studied at Istanbul Mercan High School. He graduated from Istanbul Faculty of Law in 1914. Political career Koraltan entered public service as an assistant prosecutor and became the Attorney General of Karaman in 1915. He was assigned as police inspector on 2 March 1918, and charged as Chief of Police of Trabzon on 29 May 1918. During this duty, he facilitated the establishment of the "Society of Defence of the National Rights to counteract the Pontus-Greek Organizations" that started to appear after the end of World War I. He was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1960 In Turkey
Events in the year 1960 in Turkey. Parliament * 11th Parliament of Turkey (up to 27 May) Incumbents *President :: Celal Bayar (up to 27 May) ::Cemal Gürsel (from 27 May) *Prime Minister :: Adnan Menderes (up to 27 May) ::Cemal Gürsel (from 27 May) *Leader of the opposition :: İsmet İnönü (up to 27 May) Ruling party and the main opposition *Ruling party :: Democrat Party (DP) (up to 27 May) * Main opposition ::Republican People's Party (CHP) (up to 27 May) Cabinet *23rd government of Turkey (up to 27 May) *24th government of Turkey (from 27 May) Events *2 April – In Yeşilhisar, because of the interference of ruling party partisans İsmet İnönü the leader of the opposition was not able to continue his election campaign * 27 April – The ruling party formed a committee (popularly called ''Sancar komisyonu'') to convict the opposition * 5 May – Demonstrations in Ankara (known as 555K) * 27 May – Coup d'état *12 June – Beşiktaş won the championship of Turk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1960 Turkish Coup D'état
The 1960 Turkish coup d'état (), also known as the 27 May Revolution ( or ''27 Mayıs Devrimi''), was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on 27 May 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were ''de facto'' led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. Background The incident took place at a time of both socio-political turmoil and economic hardship, as US aid from the Truman doctrine and the Mars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (, Turkish language, Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River () and Alis River, is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation. Geography The Kızılırmak flows for a total of , rising in Eastern Anatolia around , flowing first to the west and southwest until , then forming a wide arch, the "Halys bend", flowing first to the west, then to the northwest, passing to the northeast of Lake Tuz (''Tuz Gölü'' in Turkish), then to the north and northeast, where it is joined by its major tributary, the Delice River (once known in Greek as the Cappadox river) at . After zigzagging to the northwest to the confluence with the Devrez River at , and back to the northeast, it joins the Gökırmak (Sky ''River'' in Turkish) before finally flowing via a wide Kızılırmak Delta, delta into the Black Sea northwest of Samsun at . Delta History The Hittites called the river the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedat Dalokay
Vedat Dalokay (10 November 1927 – 21 March 1991) was a Turkish architect and a former mayor of Ankara. Early life and education Dalokay was born in Elazığ in 1927 to İbrahim Bey and Emine Hanım, in an Alevi Kurdish family who had relocated from Pertek. He completed his elementary and secondary education in Elazığ. He left for Istanbul for higher education, where he attended and graduated from the Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Architecture in 1949. His lecturers were Clemens Holzmeister and Paul Bonatz. Following his graduation in 1949, he entered the Ministry of Works and the Post and Telecommunications Department. In 1950, he settled in Paris to begin postgraduate studies at the City Planning Department of Sorbonne University in Paris, France, but did not graduate. Career In the 1973 Turkish local elections, he was elected mayor of Ankara from the Republican People's Party (CHP). In 1975, Dalokay requested assistance from the Soviet Union to buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deniz Baykal
Deniz Baykal (20 July 1938 – 11 February 2023) was a Turkish politician. A member of the Republican People's Party (CHP) who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 1996. Having served in numerous government positions, Baykal led the CHP from 1992 to February 1995, from September 1995 to 1999 and again from 2000 to 2010. Between 2002 and 2010, he also served as the Leader of the Opposition by virtue of leading the second largest party in the Parliament. First elected to Parliament in 1973, Baykal went on to serve as Minister of Finance in the CHP- MSP coalition of 1974 and as Minister of Energy and Natural Resources in the third government of Bülent Ecevit from 1978 to 1979. With the CHP shut down during the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, Baykal was briefly imprisoned before being elected to Parliament once again in 1987 from the new Social Democratic People's Party (SHP). Baykal was one of the leading members of the re-established CHP, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hürriyet
''Hürriyet'' (, ''Liberty'') is a major List of newspapers in Turkey, Turkish newspaper, founded in 1948. it had the highest circulation of any newspaper in Turkey at around 319,000. ''Hürriyet'' combines entertainment with news coverage and has a mainstream, liberal and conservative outlook. ''Hürriyet'' has regional offices in Istanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Adana, Antalya and Trabzon, as well as a news network comprising 52 offices and 600 reporters in Turkey and abroad, all affiliated with Doğan News Agency, which primarily serves newspapers and television channels that were previously under the management of Doğan Media Group (Doğan Yayın Holding). ''Hürriyet'' is printed in six cities in Turkey and in Frankfurt, Germany. , according to Alexa Internet, Alexa, its website was the tenth most visited in Turkey, the second most visited of a newspaper and the fourth most visited news website. On 21 March 2018, Doğan Yayın Holding, the parent company of ''Hürriyet'', was so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adnan Menderes
Ali Adnan Ertekin Menderes (; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He was tried and hanged under the military junta after the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet members, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. One of the accusations brought against him was of him ordering the Istanbul pogrom against citizens of Greek ethnicity. He was the last Turkish political leader to be executed after a military coup. He is also one of the four political leaders of the Turkish Republic who have been honored with a mausoleum, the others being Kemal Atatürk, Süleyman Demirel, and Turgut Özal. Early life and career Adnan Menderes was born in 1899 in Koçarlı, Aydın Province, as a son of a wealthy landowner of Crimean Tatar origin. After primary school, Menderes attended the American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kızılay, Ankara
Kızılay is the city center of Ankara Province in the municipality and district of Çankaya District, Çankaya, Turkey. Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023. Its population is 1,311 (2022). It is named after the Kızılay Derneği (Turkish Red Crescent) whose former headquarters was located at the Kızılay Square. Güvenpark in Kızılay is the center park and a common meeting location which occasionally serves the population as a recreational area. Ankara Metro, Ankaray and the bus stops nearby, provide easy access to other parts of the city. On March 13, 2016, Kızılay suffered March 2016 Ankara bombing, a terrorist bombing which killed 37 people and injured 125. The bombing took place on Atatürk Boulevard near Güvenpark. Demographics ...
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Celal Bayar
Celal is both a masculine Turkish given name and a surname. It is the Turkish form of the Arabic word Jalal (جلال), which means "majesty". Notable people with the name include: Given name * Celal Al (born 1984), Turkish actor * Celal Adan (born 1951), Turkish politician * Celal Esat Arseven (1875–1971), Turkish painter, writer and politician * Celal Atik (1918–1979), Turkish sports wrestler * Celal Başkale (died 2012), Kurdish militant * Celâl Bayar (1883–1986), Turkish politician and economist * Celal Emir Dede (born 2001), Turkish footballer * Cəlal Hüseynov (born 2003), Azerbaijani footballer * Celal İbrahim (1884–1917), Ottoman football player * Celal Kıbrızlı (born 1950), Turkish footballer and manager * Celal Nuri İleri (1881–1938), Turkish politician * Celal Taşkıran (born 1954), Turkish wrestler * Celal Tevfik Karasapan (1899–1974), Turkish diplomat and politician * Celal Şahin (1925–2018), Turkish musician and humorist * Celal Sand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plevna March
Plevna March or Osman Pasha March was written in order to commemorate Osman Pasha, who led Ottoman troops in the Siege of Plevna.Büyük Larousse Sözlük ve Ansiklopedisi (1986), v. 18, c. 9433, Gelişim Yayınları. History It was sung under the name of ''Old Plevna March'' by Hafız Yaşar Bey and his group in 1910 (not definite) and underwent some changes before it took its final version. According to Yaşar Bey, it had been written by Mehmet Ali Bey.''Osmanlı Marşları: The Ottoman Military Music in 78 rpm Records'', Muammer Karabey Koleksiyonu Book & CD, Kalan. According to other sources, it was written by Mithat Efendi and composed by Armenian composer Tigran Chukhajian Tigran Tchouhadjian (; ; 1837 – March 11, 1898) was an Ottoman Armenian composer and conductor, and the founder of the first opera institution in the Ottoman Empire. Biography Tchouhadjian was born in Constantinople. He studied at composer .... There are still other sources that claim the song was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
