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5-Bromo-DMT
5-Bromo-DMT (5-bromo-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine) is a psychedelic brominated indole alkaloid found in the sponges ''Smenospongia aurea'' and ''Smenospongia echina'', as well as in '' Verongula rigida'' (0.00142% dry weight) alongside 5,6-Dibromo-DMT (0.35% dry weight) and seven other alkaloids. It is the 5- bromo derivative of DMT, a psychedelic found in many plants and animals. 5-Bromo-DMT has a pEC50 value of 5.51 for the 5-HT2A receptor. Animal studies on 5-Bromo-DMT showed that it produces effects suggestive of sedative and antidepressant activity and caused significant reduction of locomotor activity in the rodent FST model. 5-Bromo-DMT was reported to be psychoactive at 20–50 mg via vaporization with mild psychedelic-like activity. Legality 5-Bromo-DMT is specifically listed as a controlled drug in Singapore. Related compounds * 5-Chloro-αMT * 5-Fluoro-AMT * 5-Fluoro-DMT * Convolutindole A * Desformylflustrabromine Desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convolutindole A
Convolutindole A (2,4,6-tribromo-1,7-dimethoxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine) is a brominated tryptamine alkaloid that was first identified in 2001 in ''Amathia convoluta'', a marine bryozoan. Bryozoans are aquatic invertebrates that grow in colonies and may resemble coral. Chemistry Convolutamine A is the 2,4,6-tribromo-1,7-dimethoxy derivative of DMT, a hallucinogen Hallucinogens are a large, diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Most hallucinogens can be categorized ... that occurs naturally in many plants and animals. Convolutamine A is chemically related to 5-Bromo-DMT, 5-bromo-DMT which also occurs in many marine invertebrates. Until the discovery of convolutindole A, the 1-methoxyindole Moiety (chemistry), moiety was unknown in the marine world. 1-Methoxyindoles, such as lespedamine, were previously only known to occur in leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-Fluoro-DMT
5-Fluoro-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (5-fluoro-DMT, 5F-DMT) is a tryptamine derivative related to compounds such as 5-bromo-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT. Fluorination of psychedelic tryptamines either reduces or has little effect on 5-HT2A/C receptor affinity or intrinsic activity, although 6-fluoro-DET is inactive as a psychedelic despite acting as a 5-HT2A agonist (cf. lisuride), while 4-fluoro-5-methoxy-DMT is a much stronger agonist at 5-HT1A than 5-HT2A. See also * 5-Fluoro-AMT * 5-Fluoro-DET * 5-Fluoro-MET * 6-fluoro-AMT * 6-Fluoro-DMT * 4-fluoro-5-methoxy-DMT * 6-Fluoro-DETbr>6-Fluoro-DET * O-4310 *It's worth noting that GR-159897 GR-159897 is a potent and selective NK2 receptor antagonist drug. It has anxiolytic effects in animal models, and also inhibits bronchoconstriction of the airways, which may potentially make it useful in the treatment of asthma. See also * Ib ... is based on the same structure. References Psychedelic tryptamines Tryptamines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromide
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br−) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table. Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains. Although uncommon, chronic toxicity from bromide can result in bromism, a syndrome with multiple neurological symptoms. Bromide toxicity can also cause a type of skin eruption, see potassium bromide. The bromide ion has an ionic radius of 196 pm. Natural occurrence Bromide is present in typical seawater (35 PSU) with a concentration of around 65 mg/L, which is about 0.2% of all dissolved salts. Seafood and deep sea plants generally have higher levels than land-derived foods. Bromargyrite—natural, crystalline silver bromide—is the most common bromide mineral known but is still very rare. In addition to silver, bromine is also in minerals combined with mercury and copper. Formation and rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antidepressant
Antidepressants are a class of medication used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain conditions, and to help manage addictions. Common side-effects of antidepressants include dry mouth, weight gain, dizziness, headaches, sexual dysfunction, and emotional blunting. There is a slight increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior when taken by children, adolescents, and young adults. Discontinuation syndrome may occur after stopping any antidepressant which resembles recurrent depression. Some research regarding the effectiveness of antidepressants for depression in adults has found benefits, whilst other research has not. Evidence of benefit in children and adolescents is unclear. The twenty-one most commonly prescribed antidepressant medications are more effective than placebo for the short-term (acute) treatments of adults with major depressive disorder. There is debate in the medical community about how much of the observed effects of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Tryptamines
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips").Pollan, Michael (2018). ''How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence'' Sometimes, they are called classic hallucinogens, serotonergic hallucinogens, or serotonergic psychedelics, and the term ''psychedelics'' is used more broadly to include all hallucinogens; this article uses the narrower definition of ''psychedelics''. Psychedelics cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and often a substantially altered state of consciousness.Leary, Timothy; Metzner, Ralph (1964). ''The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on The Tibetan Book of the Dead'' Psychedelic states are often compared to meditative, psychodynamic or transcendental types of alterations of mind. The "classical" psychedelics, the psy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Sources Of Psychoactive Drugs
Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes, which can be transmitted to future generations. Another major theme is evolution, which explains the unity and diversity of life. Energy processing is also important to life as it allows organisms to move, grow, and reproduce. Finally, all organisms are able to regulate their own internal environments. Biologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization, from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations.Based on definition from: Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use. Like other scientists, biologists use the scientific meth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plakohypaphorine
Plakohypaphorines are halogenated indolic non-proteinogenic amino acids named for their similarity to hypaphorine (''N,N,N''-trimethyltryptophan). First reported in the Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ... sponge ''Plakortis simplex'' in 2003, plakohypaphorines A-C were the first iodine-containing indoles to be discovered in nature. Plakohypaphorines D-F, also found in ''P. simplex'', were reported in 2004 by a group including the researchers who discovered the original plakohypaphorines. References *Taglialatela-Scafati Orazio et al., 2003. ''Plakohypaphorines A-C, Iodine-Containing Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge'' Plakortis simplex. European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2003(2), pp. 284–287. *Borrelli, Francesca, et al., 2004. ''Iodinate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desformylflustrabromine
Desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) is a monomethyl tryptamine derivative which was first isolated as a secondary metabolite of the marine bryozoan ''Flustra foliacea''. Bioactivity dFBr has been identified as a novel positive allosteric modulator of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with sub-type specificity for heteromeric receptor with no effect on homomeric sub-type. A recent study has been published which describes the synthesis of water-soluble salts of dFBr and its action has been confirmed as selective potentiator of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor responses by using two-electrode voltage clamp whole cell recordings. In the year 2002 it was reported that dFBr was cytotoxic on human colon cancer cell line HCT 116. Desformylflustrabromine has also been found to be a positive allosteric modulator for the α2β2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Additionally it relieves the inhibition of both α2β2 and α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-Fluoro-AMT
5-Fluoro-α-methyltryptamine (5-Fluoro-αMT, 5F-AMT), also known as PAL-544, is a putative stimulant, entactogen, and psychedelic tryptamine derivative related to α-methyltryptamine (αMT). It has been found to act as a well-balanced serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent, a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, and a potent and specific MAO-A inhibitor. which suggests that 5-fluoro-αMT could be an active psychedelic in humans, although it is not known to have been tested in humans and could be dangerous due to its strong inhibition of MAO-A. See also * 5-Chloro-αMT * 5-Fluoro-AET * 5-Fluoro-DMT * 6-Fluoro-AMT * 7-Chloro-AMT * 7-Methyl-αET * Flucindole Flucindole is an antipsychotic with a tricyclic structure that was never marketed. It is the 6,8-difluoro derivative of cyclindole Ciclindole (INN; WIN-27,147-2), also known as cyclindole (USAN), is an antipsychotic with a tricyclic structur ... * 5-API (PAL-571) References Further reading * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-Chloro-αMT
5-Chloro-α-methyltryptamine (5-Chloro-αMT), also known as PAL-542, is a tryptamine derivative related to α-methyltryptamine (αMT) and one of only a few known specific serotonin-dopamine releasing agents (SDRAs). It has been investigated in animals as a potential treatment for cocaine dependence. The EC50 values of 5-chloro-αMT in evoking the ''in vitro'' release of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) in rat synaptosomes were reported as 16 nM, 54 nM, and 3434 nM, with an NE/DA ratio of 63.6 and a DA/5-HT ratio of 3.38, indicating that it is a highly specific and well-balanced SDRA. However, 5-chloro-αMT has also been found to act as a potent full agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor, with an EC50 value of 6.27 nM and an efficacy of 105%, and almost assuredly acts as a potent agonist of other serotonin receptors as well. 5-Chloro-αMT was found to not reliably produce intracranial self-administration in rats or substitute for cocaine in rats or monke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
