4th Channel Ostankino
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4th Channel Ostankino
4th channel Ostankino () was a Russian state television channel. It was owned by the Russian government through the Ostankino State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. It broadcast from April 13, 1992 to January 17, 1994. The editorial offices and studios of the television and radio company, from which it broadcast on Channel 4 Ostankino, were located in the Ostankino Technical Center. History 1991–1992: Educational program of the Ostankino TV and Radio Company On December 27, 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the process of liquidation of the was started, on its basis the Ostankino State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company was established, which began broadcasting on all its television and radio channels on January 1, 1992. A license for its broadcasting was never issued, and Channel 4 Ostankino was never registered as a mass media outlet. After the adoption of the regulations on the Ostankino State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, the ...
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Ostankino (TV And Radio Company)
Russian State TV and Radio Company «Ostankino» (Russian: Российская государственная телерадиокомпания «Останкино» — formerly All-Union State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company) is the state broadcasting organization that managed part of the state television and radio broadcasting in Russia from February 8, 1991, to October 12, 1995. History According to a Kommersant article dated 29 April 1995, "In the fall of 1992, a commercial directorate was created at Ostankino (ORT), which demanded that the studios enter into contracts with advertisers. The studio directors began to report not to the editor-in-chief of the TV company, but to the commercial one. At the same time, the concept of "currency advertising" ($5000 per minute) was introduced. This only increased the income to the television company's shadow fund, since the studio took money from currency advertisers as from ruble advertisers, but for this service it was ne ...
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Order Of The Government Of Russia
Orders of the Government of Russia () is secondary legislation, a normative administrative directive content published by the Government of the Russian Federation within the limits of its competence, on the basis and in pursuance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and Decrees of the President of Russia. Legal basis Publication Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation are subject to compulsory official publication, except for acts or separate provisions, containing information constituting a state secret, or confidential information. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation must be officially published in Rossiskaya Gazeta and the Assembly of the RF legislation, within ten days from the date of signing. Control over the correctness and timeliness of publication of government decrees implementing Government Office. Other acts of the Russian government, including acts that contain information contai ...
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1994 Disestablishments In Russia
The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitting December 31. This was due to an adjustment of the International Date Line by the Kiribati government to bring all of its territories into the same calendar day. Events January * January 1 ** The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is established. ** Beginning of the Zapatista uprising in Mexico. * January 8 – ''Soyuz TM-18'': Valeri Polyakov begins his 437.7-day orbit of the Earth, eventually setting the world record for days spent in orbit. * January 11 – The Irish government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the Provisional Irish Republican Army and its political arm Sinn Féin. * January 14 – U.S. President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin accords, which stop the prep ...
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1991 Establishments In Russia
It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union collapsed, leaving fifteen sovereign republics and the CIS in its place. In July 1991, India abandoned its policies of dirigism, license raj and autarky and began extensive liberalisation to its economy. This increased GDP but also increased income inequality over the next two decades. A UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations fought against Iraq, which had invaded and annexed Kuwait in the previous year, 1990. The conflict would be called the Gulf War and would mark the beginning of a since-constant American military presence in the Middle East. The clash between Serbia and the other Yugoslav republics would lead into the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars, which ran through the rest of the decade. In the context of the apartheid, the year after the liberation of political prisoner Nelson Mandela, the Parliament of South Africa repeals the Population Registration ...
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Television Channels And Stations Established In 1991
Television (TV) is a telecommunications, telecommunication media (communication), medium for transmitting moving images and sound. Additionally, the term can refer to a physical television set rather than the medium of signal transmission, transmission. Television is a mass media, mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports. The medium is capable of more than "radio broadcasting", which refers to an audio signal sent to radio receivers. Television became available in crude experimental forms in the 1920s, but only after several years of further development was the new technology marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white television broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and the United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion.Diggs-Brown, Barbara (2011''Strategic Public Relations: Audi ...
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Defunct Television Channels In Russia
Defunct may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product In Industry (economics), industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its inception through the Product engineering, engineering, Product design, design, and Manufacturing, ma ... * Obsolescence {{Disambiguation ...
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Новая газета
''Novaya Gazeta'' (, ) is an independent Russian newspaper. It is known for its critical and investigative coverage of Russian political and social affairs, the Chechen–Russian conflict, Chechen wars, corruption among the ruling elite, and increasing authoritarianism in Russia. It was formerly published in Moscow until shortly after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine began, in regions within Russia, and in some foreign countries. The print edition is published on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; English-language articles on the website are published on a weekly basis in the form of the ''Russia, Explained'' newsletter. As of 2023, the newspaper had a daily print circulation of 108,000, and online visits of 613,000. Seven journalists, including Yuri Shchekochikhin, Anna Politkovskaya, and Anastasia Baburova, have been murdered since 2000, in connection with their investigations. In October 2021, editor-in-chief Dmitry Muratov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, alongside Ma ...
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Эхо Москвы
Echo of Moscow () was a 24/7 commercial Russian radio station based in Moscow. It broadcast in many Russian cities, some of the former Soviet republics (through partnerships with local radio stations), and via the Internet. From 1996 its editor-in-chief was Alexei Venediktov. On 1 March 2022, it was taken off the air by Roskomnadzor accusing it of spreading false information about the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 3 March, the board of directors voted to close the station down. While the radio programming of Ekho of Moscow ceased to exist, Venediktov and most of the employees began a spin-off YouTube channel, ''Zhivoi Gvozd (literally "Live Nail", in Russian a rhyming pun on the common term "Live Guest"), which follows the late station's format and schedule. In October 2022, Echo resumed online programming from Berlin, Germany via its Echo app. History Echo of Moscow gained attention during the events of the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attemptit was one of the few news outlets ...
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Russian Universities
Russian Universities was a Russian educational television channel that existed from 1992 to 1996. It was initially Programme Four of Soviet Central Television, which, upon the dissolution of the USSR, was transferred to Channel 4 Ostankino (closed in 1994); while Russian Universities started broadcasting on a part-time basis on its frequencies from 1992 to 1996. It was shut down on 10 November 1996, enabling NTV to expand its broadcasting hours. Background and history The channel traced its history to the Programme Four which was established with the fiftieth anniversary of the Russian Revolution of 1917,''L. A. Dimitriev.: Баллада о Четвёртой программе ЦТ. — М.: Институт повышения квалификации работников телевидения и радиовещания, 2000. — page 48. focusing on literature, arts and culture. In the early 1970s, the project of an educational and cultural channel was abandoned.
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Sports
Sport is a physical activity or game, often competitive and organized, that maintains or improves physical ability and skills. Sport may provide enjoyment to participants and entertainment to spectators. The number of participants in a particular sport can vary from hundreds of people to a single individual. Sport competitions may use a team or single person format, and may be open, allowing a broad range of participants, or closed, restricting participation to specific groups or those invited. Competitions may allow a "tie" or "draw", in which there is no single winner; others provide tie-breaking methods to ensure there is only one winner. They also may be arranged in a tournament format, producing a champion. Many sports leagues make an annual champion by arranging games in a regular sports season, followed in some cases by playoffs. Sport is generally recognised as system of activities based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity, with major competi ...
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