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433 Symmetry
In geometry, the truncated order-8 triangular tiling is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are two hexagons and one octagon on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of t. Uniform colors Symmetry The dual of this tiling represents the fundamental domains of *443 symmetry. It only has one subgroup 443, replacing mirrors with gyration points. This symmetry can be doubled to 832 symmetry by adding a bisecting mirror to the fundamental domain. Related tilings From a Wythoff construction there are ten hyperbolic uniform tilings that can be based from the regular octagonal tiling. It can also be generated from the (4 3 3) hyperbolic tilings: This hyperbolic tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of uniform truncated polyhedra with vertex configurations (n.6.6), and ,3 Coxeter group symmetry. See also * Triangular tiling * Order-3 octagonal tiling * Order-8 triangular tiling * Tilings of regular polygons * List of uniform tilings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geometry
Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a '' geometer''. Until the 19th century, geometry was almost exclusively devoted to Euclidean geometry, which includes the notions of point, line, plane, distance, angle, surface, and curve, as fundamental concepts. During the 19th century several discoveries enlarged dramatically the scope of geometry. One of the oldest such discoveries is Carl Friedrich Gauss' ("remarkable theorem") that asserts roughly that the Gaussian curvature of a surface is independent from any specific embedding in a Euclidean space. This implies that surfaces can be studied ''intrinsically'', that is, as stand-alone spaces, and has been expanded into the theory of manifolds and Riemannian geometry. Later in the 19th century, it appeared that geom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truncation (geometry)
In geometry, a truncation is an operation in any dimension that cuts polytope vertices, creating a new facet in place of each vertex. The term originates from Kepler's names for the Archimedean solids. Uniform truncation In general any polyhedron (or polytope) can also be truncated with a degree of freedom as to how deep the cut is, as shown in Conway polyhedron notation truncation operation. A special kind of truncation, usually implied, is a uniform truncation, a truncation operator applied to a regular polyhedron (or regular polytope) which creates a resulting uniform polyhedron (uniform polytope) with equal edge lengths. There are no degrees of freedom, and it represents a fixed geometric, just like the regular polyhedra. In general all single ringed uniform polytopes have a uniform truncation. For example, the icosidodecahedron, represented as Schläfli symbols r or \begin 5 \\ 3 \end, and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram or has a uniform truncation, the truncated icosidodecahedr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isogonal Tilings
Isogonal is a mathematical Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ... term which means "having similar angles". It occurs in several contexts: * Isogonal polygon, polyhedron, polytope or tiling. * Isogonal trajectory in curve theory. * Isogonal conjugate in triangle geometry. An Isogonal is also the name for a line connecting points at which the magnetic declination is the same. {{disambig Geometry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyperbolic Tilings
Hyperbolic is an adjective describing something that resembles or pertains to a hyperbola (a curve), to hyperbole (an overstatement or exaggeration), or to hyperbolic geometry. The following phenomena are described as ''hyperbolic'' because they manifest hyperbolas, not because something about them is exaggerated. * Hyperbolic angle, an unbounded variable referring to a hyperbola instead of a circle * Hyperbolic coordinates, location by geometric mean and hyperbolic angle in quadrant I * Hyperbolic distribution, a probability distribution characterized by the logarithm of the probability density function being a hyperbola * Hyperbolic equilibrium point, a fixed point that does not have any center manifolds * Hyperbolic function, an analog of an ordinary trigonometric or circular function * Hyperbolic geometric graph, a random network generated by connecting nearby points sprinkled in a hyperbolic space * Hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry * Hyperbolic group, a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life. Born and raised in Liverpool, Conway spent the first half of his career at the University of Cambridge before moving to the United States, where he held the John von Neumann Professorship at Princeton University for the rest of his career. On 11 April 2020, at age 82, he died of complications from COVID-19. Early life and education Conway was born on 26 December 1937 in Liverpool, the son of Cyril Horton Conway and Agnes Boyce. He became interested in mathematics at a very early age. By the time he was 11, his ambition was to become a mathematician. After leaving sixth form, he studied mathematics at Gonville and Caius College ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Uniform Tilings
This table shows the 11 convex uniform tilings (regular and semiregular) of the Euclidean plane, and their dual tilings. There are three regular and eight semiregular tilings in the plane. The semiregular tilings form new tilings from their duals, each made from one type of irregular face. John Conway calls these uniform duals ''Catalan tilings'', in parallel to the Catalan solid polyhedra. Uniform tilings are listed by their vertex configuration, the sequence of faces that exist on each vertex. For example ''4.8.8'' means one square and two octagons on a vertex. These 11 uniform tilings have 32 different ''uniform colorings''. A uniform coloring allows identical sided polygons at a vertex to be colored differently, while still maintaining vertex-uniformity and transformational congruence between vertices. (Note: Some of the tiling images shown below are ''not'' color-uniform) In addition to the 11 convex uniform tilings, there are also 14 known nonconvex tilings, using star ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilings Of Regular Polygons
Euclidean plane tilings by convex regular polygons have been widely used since antiquity. The first systematic mathematical treatment was that of Kepler in his '' Harmonices Mundi'' ( Latin: ''The Harmony of the World'', 1619). Notation of Euclidean tilings Euclidean tilings are usually named after Cundy & Rollett’s notation. This notation represents (i) the number of vertices, (ii) the number of polygons around each vertex (arranged clockwise) and (iii) the number of sides to each of those polygons. For example: 36; 36; 34.6, tells us there are 3 vertices with 2 different vertex types, so this tiling would be classed as a ‘3-uniform (2-vertex types)’ tiling. Broken down, 36; 36 (both of different transitivity class), or (36)2, tells us that there are 2 vertices (denoted by the superscript 2), each with 6 equilateral 3-sided polygons (triangles). With a final vertex 34.6, 4 more contiguous equilateral triangles and a single regular hexagon. However, this notation has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order-8 Triangular Tiling
In geometry, the order-8 triangular tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is represented by Schläfli symbol of ', having eight regular triangles around each vertex. Uniform colorings The half symmetry +,8,3= 4,3,3)can be shown with alternating two colors of triangles: : Symmetry From 4,4,4)symmetry, there are 15 small index subgroups (7 unique) by mirror removal and alternation operators. Mirrors can be removed if its branch orders are all even, and cuts neighboring branch orders in half. Removing two mirrors leaves a half-order gyration point where the removed mirrors met. In these images fundamental domains are alternately colored black and white, and mirrors exist on the boundaries between colors. Adding 3 bisecting mirrors across each fundamental domains creates 832 symmetry. The subgroup index-8 group, 1+,4,1+,4,1+,4)(222222) is the commutator subgroup of 4,4,4) A larger subgroup is constructed 4,4,4*) index 8, as (2*2222) with gyration points re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triangular Tiling
In geometry, the triangular tiling or triangular tessellation is one of the three regular tilings of the Euclidean plane, and is the only such tiling where the constituent shapes are not parallelogons. Because the internal angle of the equilateral triangle is 60 degrees, six triangles at a point occupy a full 360 degrees. The triangular tiling has Schläfli symbol of English mathematician John Conway called it a deltille, named from the triangular shape of the Greek letter delta (Δ). The triangular tiling can also be called a kishextille by a kis operation that adds a center point and triangles to replace the faces of a hextille. It is one of three regular tilings of the plane. The other two are the square tiling and the hexagonal tiling. Uniform colorings There are 9 distinct uniform colorings of a triangular tiling. (Naming the colors by indices on the 6 triangles around a vertex: 111111, 111112, 111212, 111213, 111222, 112122, 121212, 121213, 121314) Three of them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
