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2K12 Kub
The 2K12 ''"Kub"'' (; English: 'cube') (NATO reporting name: SA-6 "Gainful") mobile surface-to-air missile system is a Soviet Union, Soviet low to medium-level air defence system designed to protect ground forces from air attack. ''2К12'' is the GRAU designation of the system. Each 2K12 battery consists of a number of similar tracked vehicles, one of which carries the 1S91 (SURN vehicle, NATO designation "Straight Flush") 25 kW G band (NATO), G/H band (NATO), H band radar (with a range of ) equipped with a continuous wave semi active radar homing, illuminator, in addition to an optical sight. The battery usually also includes four triple-missile transporter erector launchers (TELs), and four trucks, each carrying three spare missiles and a crane. The TEL is based on a GM chassis, GM-578 chassis, while the 1S91 radar vehicle is based on a GM-568 chassis, all developed and produced by Russian manufacturer Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant, MMZ. Development The development ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NATO Reporting Name
NATO uses a system of code names, called reporting names, to denote military aircraft and other equipment used by post-Soviet states, former Warsaw Pact countries, China, and other countries. The system assists military communications by providing short, one- or two-syllable names, as alternatives to the precise proper names, which may be easily confused under operational conditions or are unknown in the Western world. The assignment of reporting names is managed by the Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council (AFIC), previously known as the Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC), which is separate from NATO. Based in Washington DC, AFIC comprises representatives from the militaries of three NATO members (Canada, the United Kingdom and United States) and two non-NATO countries (Australia and New Zealand). When the system was introduced in the 1950s, reporting names also implicitly designated potentially hostile aircraft. However, since the end of the Cold War, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
Yemeni civil war may refer to several conflicts which have taken place in Yemen: * North Yemen civil war, 1962–1970 * South Yemen civil war The South Yemeni crisis, colloquially referred to in Yemen as the events of '86, was a failed coup d'etat and brief civil war which took place on January 13, 1986, in South Yemen. The civil war developed as a result of ideological differences, ..., 13–25 January 1986 * Yemeni civil war (1994) * Yemeni civil war (2014–present), ongoing See also * Insurgency in Yemen (other) * List of wars involving Yemen * Yemen war (other) * Yemeni coup d'état (other) * Yemeni revolution (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GRAU
The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to by its transliterated acronym GRAU (), is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense. It is subordinate to the Chief of Armament and Munition of the Russian Armed Forces, a vice-minister of defense. The organization dates back to 1862 when it was established under the name Main Artillery Directorate (, GAU). The "R" from "rockets" was added to the title from 19 November 1960. The GRAU is responsible for assigning GRAU indices to Russian army ammunitions and equipment. As of April 2025, the Chief of the GRAU was Major General Aleksey Volkov. Arsenals Arsenals of the GRAU, according to Kommersant-Vlast in 2005, included the 53rd at Dzerzhinsk, Nizhniy Novogorod Oblast, the 55th in the Sklad-40 microraion at Rzhev, the 60th at Kaluga, the 63rd at Lipetsk, the 75th at Serpukhov south of Moscow, and the 97th at Skolin (all five in the Moscow Milita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cube
A cube or regular hexahedron is a three-dimensional space, three-dimensional solid object in geometry, which is bounded by six congruent square (geometry), square faces, a type of polyhedron. It has twelve congruent edges and eight vertices. It is a type of parallelepiped, with pairs of parallel opposite faces, and more specifically a rhombohedron, with congruent edges, and a rectangular cuboid, with right angles between pairs of intersecting faces and pairs of intersecting edges. It is an example of many classes of polyhedra: Platonic solid, regular polyhedron, parallelohedron, zonohedron, and plesiohedron. The dual polyhedron of a cube is the regular octahedron. The cube can be represented in many ways, one of which is the graph known as the cubical graph. It can be constructed by using the Cartesian product of graphs. The cube is the three-dimensional hypercube, a family of polytopes also including the two-dimensional square and four-dimensional tesseract. A cube with 1, unit s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-active Radar Homing
Semi-active radar homing (SARH) is a common type of missile guidance system, perhaps the most common type for longer-range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile systems. The name refers to the fact that the missile itself is only a passive detector of a radar signal—provided by an external source via radar illumination—as it reflects off the target (in contrast to active radar homing, which uses an active radar transceiver). Semi-active missile systems use bistatic continuous-wave radar. The NATO brevity code for a semi-active radar homing missile launch is Fox One. Concept The basic concept of SARH is that since almost all detection and tracking systems consist of a radar system, duplicating this hardware on the missile itself is redundant. The weight of a transmitter reduces the range of any flying object, so passive systems have greater reach. In addition, the resolution of a radar is strongly related to the physical size of the antenna, and in the small nose cone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Command Guidance
Command guidance is a type of missile guidance in which a ground station or aircraft relay signals to a guided missile via radio control or through a wire connecting the missile to the launcher and tell the missile where to steer to intercept its target. This control may also command the missile to detonate, even if the missile has a fuze. Typically, the system giving the guidance commands is tracking both the target and the missile or missiles via radar. It determines the positions and velocities of a target and a missile, and calculates whether their paths will intersect. If not, the guidance system will relay commands to a missile, telling it to move the fins in a way that steers in the direction needed to maneuver to an intercept course with the target. If the target maneuvers, the guidance system can sense this and update the missiles' course continuously to counteract such maneuvering. If the missile passes close to the target, either its own proximity or contact fuze wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramjet
A ramjet is a form of airbreathing jet engine that requires forward motion of the engine to provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around and can operate up to . Ramjets can be particularly appropriate in uses requiring a compact mechanism for high-speed, such as missiles. Weapons designers are investigating ramjet technology for use in artillery shells to increase range; a 120 mm ramjet-assisted mortar shell is thought to be able to travel . They have been used, though not efficiently, as tip jets on the ends of helicopter rotors. History France Cyrano de Bergerac ''L'Autre Monde: ou les États et Empires de la Lune ( Comical History of the States and Empires of the Moon)'' (1657) was the first of three satirical novels written by Cyrano de Bergerac that are considered among the first science fiction stories. Arthur C Clarke credited this book with conceiving the ramjet, and as the first fictional example of rocket-powered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalinin Machine-Building Plant
JSC Kalinin Machine-Building Plant, ZiK or MZiK for short () is a Russian industrial company known for producing artillery and vehicles. It is now part of the Almaz-Antey holding company. History Founded in 1866 in St. Petersburg by a decree of Russian emperor Alexander II as an artillery workshop, it was later enlarged into a state factory of field and later on anti-aircraft artillery. In 1918 the factory was moved into Moscow Region, in 1941 to Yekaterinburg (former Sverdlovsk), where it's located up to now. During World War II, the factory produced 20,000 anti-aircraft guns, last channel artillery unit under mass production was the 152mm KM-52. Since the end of the 1950s, the factory is specializing on the mass production anti-aircraft rocket systems ( SAM defence). Civil products include diesel Diesel forklift trucks DP-16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant
JSC Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant or UMP for short (transliteration, translit. ''Ulyanovsk Mekhanicheskiy Zavod'', ''UMZ'') is a Soviet/Russian military enterprise, now part of Almaz-Antey holding. Founded on January 1, 1966, by the Decree of Soviet government. Located in the city of Ulyanovsk, Russia next to UAZ. Products UMZ settled to mass production of: * ZSU-23-4, ZSU Shilka 1964-1982 * 2K12 Kub (also an export version under the name ''Kvadrat'') 1968-1985 * 9K37 Buk since 1980 * 9K22 Tunguska since 1981 * ''Pantsir missile system, Pantsir'' complex radiotechnics system since 1988 * ''Orion'', ''Ohota'' complex radiotechnics system since 2000 * a set of civilian products References External links *Official site of UMZ {{Almaz-Antey 1966 establishments in the Soviet Union Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union Defence companies of the Soviet Union Science and technology in the Soviet Union Almaz-Antey Companies based in Ulyanovsk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GM Chassis
(Russian: ''Gusenichnaya Mashina'', ''Гусеничная машина'', lit. ''tracked machine'') is a series of tracked vehicle chassis. Generally, the series is produced by Russia's '' Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant''. Some older series were developed and produced by Belarusian agriculture machinery manufacturer Minsk Tractor Works (MTZ). GM-569 GM-569 is used for the TELAR 9A38, part of the Buk-M1-2 SAM system. Specifications * Chassis weight: 24,000 kg * Max load: 11,500 kg * Wheelbase: 4,605 mm * Ground clearance: 450 mm * Fuel distance: 500 km * Working environment ** outside temperature: −50°C — +50°C ** relative air humidity: 98% (t = +35 °C) ** overall dust level while driving < 2,5 g/m3 * Max velocity: 65 km/h * Average ground unit pressure < 0,8 kg/cm2 * Engine type: Multifuel liquid-cooled diesel * On-board powerplant: 522 kW (710 h.p.) — 618 kW (840 h.p.) Other type ...
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Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant
OJSC Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant () is a Russian manufacturer of dump trucks and armored tracked vehicles, with its headquarters in Mytishchi. The plant was formerly part of Metrowagonmash, from which it was spun off in 2009. As of 2016, it is managed by Kalashnikov Concern. OSJC Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant has produced air defense vehicles for the military and has a design bureau for development of these weapons. It also makes products for the civilian automotive industry. The factory was a major supplier of anti-aircraft materiel for the Soviet Union in World War II. Products * ASU-57 * ASU-85 * GM chassis * ZSU-23-4 * ZSU-37 ZSU-37 was a Soviet-made, light, self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG), developed by the end of 1943 and produced at Works No. 40 in Mytishchi. It was the first Soviet series-produced tracked SPAAG. ZSU stands for Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Usta ... References External links Official website {{Authority control Vehicle manufacturing c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
