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2012 Egyptian Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt in two rounds on 15 and 22 December 2012. Egyptian diaspora, Egyptians living abroad were scheduled to vote between 8 and 11 December. Voting for expatriates had been delayed until 12 December 2012 and was extended until 17 December 2012. Voters were asked whether they approve of the Egyptian Constitution of 2012, draft constitution that was approved by the Constituent Assembly of Egypt, Constituent Assembly on 30 November 2012. Unofficial results reported on 23 December 2012 found that 32.9% of the electorate voted and that the constitution was approved with 63.8% of the vote in favor over the two rounds of polling. During the campaign, #Supporters, supporters of the draft constitution argued that the constitution would provide stability. Most #Opponents, opponents argued that the constitution was too favorable to the Muslim Brotherhood, and did not grant sufficient minority rights. However, some extreme Salafists also opposed the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egypt
Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northern coast of Egypt, the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to Egypt–Israel barrier, the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to Egypt–Sudan border, the south, and Libya to Egypt–Libya border, the west; the Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital, list of cities and towns in Egypt, largest city, and leading cultural center, while Alexandria is the second-largest city and an important hub of industry and tourism. With over 109 million inhabitants, Egypt is the List of African countries by population, third-most populous country in Africa and List of countries and dependencies by population, 15th-most populated in the world. Egypt has one of the longest histories o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Brotherhood In Egypt
In Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood ( ''jamāʿat /al-ikhwan/el-ekhwan al-muslimīn'', ) is a Sunni Islamist religious, political, and social movement,Eric Trager,The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood", ''Foreign Affairs'', September October 2011, p. 114–222. (full text not available for free on internet) with adherents estimated to number between 2 and 2.5 million. Founded by Hassan al-Banna in 1928, the group spread to other Muslim countries but has its largest organization in Egypt, despite government crackdowns in 1948, 1954, 1965, 1979, 1981 and 2013, after plots, or alleged plots, of assassination and overthrow were uncovered."'Shariah in Egypt is enough for us,' Muslim Brotherhood leader says" . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazem Salah Abu Ismail
Hazem Salah Abu Ismail (born 16 June 1961) is an Egyptian lawyer, Islamic preacher and politician who ran in the 2012 Egyptian presidential election and founded the Flag Party. Abu Ismail was born in Giza in 1961 and graduated with a law degree from Cairo University in 1983. During his career as a lawyer, he took up several high-profile cases against Hosni Mubarak's regime, which included defending prominent members of the Muslim Brotherhood. Abu Ismail ran in the parliamentary elections of 1995 and 2005, but lost both elections amidst accusations of electoral fraud. He then retreated from electoral politics, but remained politically active through his sermons that were highly critical of the regime. He supported the 25 January revolution and announced his candidacy for the 2012 presidential election on an Islamist platform. Although considered a frontrunner, he was disqualified from running over allegations that his mother held American citizenship. Following the election, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Egyptians Party
The Free Egyptians Party ( ) is an Egyptian liberal party, founded after the 2011 Egyptian revolution. It supports the principles of a liberal, democratic, and secular political order in Egypt. The Free Egyptians Party was the largest party in the House of Representatives. The party is a founding member of Al Hurriya Liberal Network. History Establishment On 3 April 2011, the engineer and businessman Naguib Sawiris, and a group of intellectuals and political activists announced the establishment of the party and declared the program, the objectives and the basic principles of the party. Other prominent party members include the Egyptian American scientist Farouk El-Baz, the Egyptian Arabic poet Ahmed Fouad Negm, the writer Gamal El-Ghitani, and the telecommunications entrepreneur Khaled Bichara. In July 2011, infighting emerged within the party. An internal faction called the "Group of 17" accused the national leadership of undemocratic methods in choosing local leade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Party (Egypt)
The Constitution Party () is a political party in Egypt. Founded by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mohammad ElBaradei in 2012, it aims to protect and promote the principles and objectives of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, according to liberal ideals. Background The party was launched on 28 April 2012 by Mohammad ElBaradei and a group of Egyptian intellectuals and activists. ElBaradei described that the aim of the party was "to save the great 25 January revolution, which has been derailed and is almost aborted, and to restore our unity." The party was seen as a moderate force to counter emerging Islamist gains. ElBaradei said that he intended to increase the party's base for the next election in four years time. The party aims to unite all Egyptians, regardless of creed or ideology, behind democracy. ElBaradei hoped the party would attract, in particular, the young people who were behind the uprising that toppled President Mubarak. The Constitution Party has attracted a youthful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Social Democratic Party
The Egyptian Social Democratic Party (, ) is a social liberal and social democratic party in Egypt. It was founded after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution by the merger of two minor liberal parties, the Liberal Egyptian Party, and the Egyptian Democratic Party on 29 March 2011. The current president is Farid Zahran, and his vice presidents of the party are Dr. Ehab Elkharat, Dr. Freddy Elbaiady, Dr. Maha Abdelnaser, Mahmoud Samy, Amira Saber, and Khaled Rashed Notable founding members include Mohamed Abou El-Ghar, film maker Daoud Abdel Sayed, activist Amr Hamzawy, Mervat Tallawy, former UN under-secretary and executive secretary of ESCWA, and Hazem Al Beblawi, former executive secretary of the ESCWA, and later interim prime minister of Egypt under President Adly Mansour. However, Amr Hamzawy resigned from the party in April to form the Freedom Egypt Party on 18 May 2011. In August 2012, the party was admitted into the Socialist International as a consultative membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Popular Current
The Egyptian Popular Current ( ') is a movement in Egypt, created after the 2012 presidential elections by former presidential candidate Hamdeen Sabahi. The movement was formed on 21 September 2012. The movement formed the Popular Current Party on 21 September 2014. Formation and structure The formation of the Popular Current movement by Nasserist politician Hamdeen Sabahi, the third-place candidate during 2012 presidential elections, was announced in late September 2012 during a conference in Cairo's Abdeen Square. Its establishment aimed to consolidate and institutionalize Sabahi's unexpected support during the elections. The conference was moderated by journalist Hussein Abdel Ghani and featured as guest speakers the prominent journalist Hamdi Qandil, Federation of Independent Trade Unions head Kamal Abu Eita, Sharqiyah pastor Yoannes Ishak, late president Gamal Abdel Nasser's son Abdel Hakim, and public figures from the Sinai Peninsula and the southern region of Nubia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Current Party
The Egyptian Current Party (), also translated as Egyptian Stream Party, was an Egyptian political party, founded after the revolution of 2011. The party announced on 1 October 2014 that it had merged into the Strong Egypt Party. It was formed by a portion of the Muslim Brotherhood's youth wing. Its leaders, including Mohamed El-Kassas and Ahmed Abd El-Gawad, were expelled from the Brotherhood, because the Islamist organisation does not tolerate its members joining political parties other than the official Freedom and Justice Party. Other members were part of the April 6 Movement. The party stood for a centrist and more liberal version of Islamic politics. At the time of its foundation on 21 June 2011, the Egyptian Current Party had 150 members. According to its manifesto, the Egyptian Current Party advocated the separation of religion and state, the protection of individual freedoms, and a youth-driven economic development. It embraced Islamic culture and values without e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strong Egypt Party
The Strong Egypt Party () is an Egyptian centrist political party founded in 2012 by former presidential candidate Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh. History The Strong Egypt Party was established in July 2012 by former Muslim Brotherhood member and 2012 presidential candidate Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh. On 31 October 2012, the party was officially inaugurated by Aboul Fotouh and co-founders Mokhtar Nouh and Rabab El-Mahdi in front of hundreds of supporters at the Supreme Court in Cairo. On 10 December 2012, Aboul Fotouh announced that the party is calling on Egyptians to vote "no" in the 2012 constitutional referendum. In a videotaped statement, he said that there were three main reasons why Egyptians should reject the draft: first, a weakness in achieving social justice, second, the special status given to the military establishment and the provision for military trials of civilians, and third, the almost unchanged authorities of the president. On 3 December 2013, the party annou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Salvation Front (Egypt)
The National Salvation Front (also known as the National Front for Salvation of the Revolution or the National Rescue Front, ) is an alliance of Egyptian political parties, formed to defeat Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi's 22 November 2012 constitutional declaration. The National Front for Salvation of the Revolution has more than 35 groups involved overall. Observers are concerned that the NSF will not be able to become a coherent political force because the different parties agree on opposing Morsi, but their views on other subjects diverge. The front issued three demands to Morsi during the 2012 Egyptian protests. The demands were: that the constitutional declaration be rescinded, that the referendum be called off, and that a new constituent assembly be formed. Morsi announced that one decree, granting him unlimited power to make laws without judicial review, had been annulled as of 8 December 2012, but the constitutional referendum went ahead as planned for 15 and 22 D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Representatives Coalition
The Coalition of the People's Representatives, or the Parliamentarians is a former electoral alliance in Egypt; members of the alliance have created the We Are the People Party. The coalition was formed by former members of the National Democratic Party. Gamal Abdel Maqsoud, who ran as an independent and won during the 2000 parliamentary election and the 2005 parliamentary election, has stated that the coalition had 190 candidates who were willing to run in the next parliamentary election. The coalition intended to run with political parties that are non-religious. The coalition was considering whether to join with the Conference Party, the Egyptian Popular Current The Egyptian Popular Current ( ') is a movement in Egypt, created after the 2012 presidential elections by former presidential candidate Hamdeen Sabahi. The movement was formed on 21 September 2012. The movement formed the Popular Current Party ..., the Egyptian Nation Alliance, or the Egyptian Patriotic Mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women In Egypt
The role of women in Egypt has changed significantly from Women in ancient Egypt, ancient times to the modern era. Early archaeological records show that Egyptian women were considered equal to men, regardless of marital status. They could own property, initiate divorce, and hold positions of religious and political authority, as exemplified by figures such as Hatshepsut and Cleopatra. However, their status declined over time under the successive rule of the misogynistic Women in ancient Rome, Roman Empire, the Women in Christianity, Christian Byzantine Empire, and later various Women in Islam, Islamic states. While Islamic law granted women rights that were often denied in the West, such as the right to own property and greater marital autonomy, it also promoted gender segregation and restricted women’s participation in public life. Nevertheless, elite women continued to wield influence through patronage and familial networks. Beginning in the 19th century, the Egyptian women ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
