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2011 In Archosaur Paleontology
The year 2011 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2011 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs. This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2011, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossi ... of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2011. Newly named crurotarsans Newly na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archosaurs
Archosauria () is a clade of diapsids, with birds and crocodilians as the only living representatives. Archosaurs are broadly classified as reptiles, in the cladistic sense of the term which includes birds. Extinct archosaurs include non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and extinct relatives of crocodilians. Modern paleontologists define Archosauria as a crown group that includes the most recent common ancestor of living birds and crocodilians, and all of its descendants. The base of Archosauria splits into two clades: Pseudosuchia, which includes crocodilians and their extinct relatives, and Avemetatarsalia, which includes birds and their extinct relatives (such as non-avian dinosaurs and pterosaurs). Older definitions of the group Archosauria rely on shared morphological characteristics, such as an antorbital fenestra in the skull, serrated teeth, and an upright stance. Some extinct reptiles, such as proterosuchids and euparkeriids, possessed these features yet origina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wealden Group
The Wealden Group, occasionally also referred to as the Wealden Supergroup, is a group (a sequence of rock strata) in the lithostratigraphy of southern England. The Wealden group consists of paralic to continental (freshwater) facies sedimentary rocks of Berriasian to Aptian age and thus forms part of the English Lower Cretaceous. It is composed of alternating sands and clays. The sandy units were deposited in a flood plain of braided rivers, the clays mostly in a lagoonal coastal plain.Jackson (2008) The Wealden Group can be found in almost all Early Cretaceous Sedimentary basin, basins of England: its outcrops curve from the Wessex Basin in the south to the Cleveland Basin in the northeast. It is not found in northwest England and Wales, areas which were at the time tectonic highs where no deposition took place. The same is true for the London Platform around London and Essex. Offshore, the Wealden Group can reach a thickness of 700 metres. The terms ''Wealden'' and ''Wealden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Maria Formation
The Santa Maria Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily Carnian in age ( Late Triassic), and is notable for its fossils of cynodonts, " rauisuchian" pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs and other dinosauromorphs, including the herrerasaurid ''Staurikosaurus'', the basal sauropodomorphs '' Buriolestes'' and ''Saturnalia,'' and the lagerpetid '' Ixalerpeton''. The formation is named after the city of Santa Maria in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, where outcrops were first studied. The Santa Maria Formation makes up the majority of the Santa Maria Supersequence, which extends through the entire Late Triassic. The Santa Maria Supersequence is divided into four geological sequences, separated from each other by short unconformities. The first two of these sequences (Pinheiros-Chiniquá and Santa Cruz sequences) lie entirely within the Santa Maria Formation, while the third (the Candelária sequence) is shared with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decuriasuchus
''Decuriasuchus'' is an extinct genus of loricatan from the Middle Triassic period (Ladinian stage). It is a carnivorous archosaur that lived in what is now southern Brazil, in Paleorrota. It was first named by Marco Aurélio G. França, Jorge Ferigolo and Max C. Langer in 2011 and the type species is ''Decuriasuchus quartacolonia''. The generic name means "unit of ten crocodiles" in Latin and Greek in reference to the ten known specimens and the animal's possible group behavior. The specific name refers to the Quarta Colonia region where the fossils were collected. Description ''Decuriasuchus'' is known from ten specimens, including nine articulated and associated skeletons, three of which have nearly complete skulls. The holotype MCN PV10105a consists of an articulated partial skeleton, lacking scapular girdle and limbs. Eight specimens associated with the holotype, MCN PV10105b-i, and the tenth specimen (MCN PV10004), consists of cranial remains from a different spot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphagesauridae
Sphagesauridae is a Gondwanan family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It was a clade of terrestrial crocodilians that evolved very mammal-like teeth and jaws.MARINHO, T.S. & CARVALHO, I.S. Revision of the Sphagesauridae KUHN, 1968 (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia). In: CARVALHO, I.S.; CASSAB, R.C.T.; SCHWANKE, C.; CARVALHO, M.A.; FERNANDES, A.C.S.; RODRIGUES, M.A.; CARVALHO, M.S.S.; ARAI, M.; OLIVEIRA, M.E.Q. (Orgs.). Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida. 1 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 2007, v.1, p.589-599.Pol D. 2003. New remains of ''Sphagesaurus huenei'' (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 23 (4): 817–831. Both ''Sphagesaurus'' and '' Adamantinasuchus'' are known from the Turonian to Santonian of Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caryonosuchus
''Caryonosuchus'' is an extinct genus of sphagesaurid notosuchian known from the Late Cretaceous of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Discovery ''Caryonosuchus'' is known only from the holotype specimen DGM 1411-R, a nearly complete anterior portion of the skull and lower jaw which housed at the Earth Science Museum of the Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral. A cast is housed at the Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. It was found near Presidente Prudente City of southwest São Paulo State. It was collected from the Adamantina Formation of the Bauru Basin, which dates to the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous. DGM 1411-R was briefly mentioned before the description of ''Caryonosuchus''. For example, Kellner & Campos (1999) tentatively assigned it to '' Sphagesaurus'' sp.,A. W. A. Kellner and D. d. A. Campos. (1999). Vertebrate paleontology in Brazil — a review. ''Episodes'' 22(3):238-251 however new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baurusuchid
Baurusuchidae is a Gondwanan Family (biology), family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is a group of terrestrial hypercarnivorous crocodilians from South America (Argentina and Brazil) and possibly Pakistan. Baurusuchidae has been, in accordance with the PhyloCode, officially defined as the least inclusive clade containing ''Cynodontosuchus rothi, Pissarrachampsa sera,'' and ''Baurusuchus pachecoi.'' Baurusuchids have been placed in the Suborder (biology), suborder Baurusuchia, and two Subfamily (biology), subfamilies have been proposed: Baurusuchinae and Pissarrachampsinae. Genera Several genera have been assigned to Baurusuchidae. ''Baurusuchus'' was the first, being the namesake of the family. Remains of ''Baurusuchus'' have been found from the Late Cretaceous Bauru Group of Brazil in deposits that are Turonian - Santonian in age. In addition to ''Baurusuchus'', five other South American crocodyliforms have been assigned to Baurusuchidae: ''Campin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campinasuchus
''Campinasuchus'' is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian from Minas Gerais State of Brazil. Description ''Campinasuchus'', like other baurusuchids, was a fully terrestrial predator. It had a deep and laterally compressed skull with large, blade-like teeth. Compared to other baurusuchids, it has a very short, low snout. It is much narrower than the back of the skull. Its upper margin is also lower than the back of the skull, giving the head a slightly sloping profile (other baurusuchids have high snouts that are level with the rest of the skull). The third maxillary tooth of the upper jaw and the fourth dentary tooth of the lower jaw are greatly enlarged. A small pit on the premaxilla accommodates the first tooth of the mandible when the jaws are closed. This pit is positioned between the first and second premaxillary teeth. A deep notch forms the boundary between the premaxilla and maxilla, and provides an opening for the large fourth dentary tooth of the lower ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphagesaurid
Sphagesauridae is a Gondwanan family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It was a clade of terrestrial crocodilians that evolved very mammal-like teeth and jaws.MARINHO, T.S. & CARVALHO, I.S. Revision of the Sphagesauridae KUHN, 1968 (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia). In: CARVALHO, I.S.; CASSAB, R.C.T.; SCHWANKE, C.; CARVALHO, M.A.; FERNANDES, A.C.S.; RODRIGUES, M.A.; CARVALHO, M.S.S.; ARAI, M.; OLIVEIRA, M.E.Q. (Orgs.). Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida. 1 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 2007, v.1, p.589-599.Pol D. 2003. New remains of ''Sphagesaurus huenei'' (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 23 (4): 817–831. Both ''Sphagesaurus'' and ''Adamantinasuchus'' are known from the Turonian to Santonian of Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adamantina Formation
The Adamantina Formation is a geological formation in the Bauru Basin of western São Paulo state, in southeastern Brazil. Its strata date back to the Late Cretaceous epoch of the Cretaceous Period, during the Mesozoic Era. The formation is part of the Bauru Group in the northeastern Paraná Basin. Geology Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the Adamantina Formation.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. . According to some studies, the Adamantina Formation dates from the Turonian to the Santonian stage (90-83.5 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous, other studies have found a much younger age - Campanian to Maastrichtian (83.5-66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous. More recent studies lean into the latter category and an unpublished ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caipirasuchus
''Caipirasuchus'' is an extinct genus of sphagesaurid notosuchians known from the Late Cretaceous of northern São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The type species, ''C. paulistanus'', was named in 2011. A second species, ''C. montealtensis'', was referred to ''Caipirasuchus'' in 2013 after having been named in 2008 as a species of ''Sphagesaurus''. A third species, ''C. stenognathus'', was described in 2014. A fourth species, ''C. mineirus'', was described in 2018. A fifth species, ''C. attenboroughi'', was named in 2021 in honour of David Attenborough. Discovery and naming ''Caipirasuchus'' was first named by Fabiano V. Iori and Ismar S. Carvalho in 2011 and the type species is ''C. paulistanus''. The generic name is derived from Portuguese word Caipira which refers to the rural inhabitants of the Brazilian states, covering almost all of the Bauru Basin, and Greek ''souchus'' meaning "crocodile". The specific name is derived from "paulista", the designation for the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocodyloidea
Crocodyloidea is one of three superfamilies of crocodilians, the other two being Alligatoroidea and Gavialoidea, and it includes the crocodiles. Crocodyloidea may also include the extinct Mekosuchinae, native to Australasia from the Eocene to the Holocene, although this is disputed. Classification Cladistically, it is defined as ''Crocodylus niloticus'' (the Nile crocodile) and all crocodylians more closely related to ''C. niloticus'' than to either ''Alligator mississippiensis'' (the American alligator) or ''Gavialis gangeticus'' (the gharial). This is a stem-based definition for crocodiles, and is more inclusive than the crown group Crocodylidae. As a crown group, Crocodylidae only includes the last common ancestor of all extant (living) crocodiles and their descendants (living or extinct), whereas Crocodyloidea, as a stem group, also includes more basal extinct crocodile ancestors that are more closely related to living crocodiles than to alligators or gavialids. Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
