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2005 Japanese Bridge Scandal
The was centered around the use of bid-rigging between 47 colluding Japanese firms and Japan Highway Public Corporation (JH) in the granting of contracts to build steel bridges in violation of Japanese competition law. It was the biggest such scandal in the history of the nation up to that point, with an estimated 23.5 billion Japanese yen of unfair gains over fiscal years 2003 and 2004. Background and history The scandal is one example of the long-time practice of ''dango'', where construction companies and bureaucrats exchange favors and kickbacks for a mutually beneficial outcome, causing less competition and increased costs for public infrastructure. In this case, former executives of JH had been given jobs in private firms in exchange for unreleased information about JH construction projects, part of a tradition known as . This had an effect on the public purse: an example is where contracts for bridges in Shizuoka Prefecture unfairly awarded in May 2004 increased JH's expens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bid-rigging
Bid rigging is a fraudulent scheme in a procurement action which enables companies to submit non-competitive bids. It can be performed by corrupt officials, by firms in an orchestrated act of collusion, or by officials and firms acting together. This form of collusion is illegal in most countries. It is a form of price fixing and market allocation, often practiced where contracts are determined by a call for bids, for example in the case of government construction contracts. The typical objective of bid rigging is to enable the "winning" party to obtain contracts at uncompetitive prices (i.e., at higher prices if they are sellers, or lower prices if they are buyers). The other parties are compensated in various ways, for example, by cash payments, or by being designated to be the "winning" bidder on other contracts, or by an arrangement where some parts of the successful bidder's contract will be subcontracted to them. In this way, they "share the spoils" among themselves. Bid rigg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nippon Sharyo
, formed in 1896, is a major rolling stock, Heavy equipment, heavy equipment, Diesel generator, generator, Special-purpose entity, special purpose vehicle and bridge manufacturer based in Nagoya, Japan. In 1996, it abbreviated its name to "日本車両" Nippon Sharyō. Its shortest abbreviation is Nissha "日車". It was a listed company on Nikkei 225 until 2004. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Nagoya Stock Exchange as ticker 7102. In 2008, Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) became the majority shareholder (50.1%) of the financially struggling Nippon Sharyo making the firm a "consolidated subsidiary" of JR Central. In July 2012 Nippon Sharyo USA started production in their new facility in Rochelle, Illinois. The facility closed at the end of October 2018 due to a lack of orders. Notable projects Rolling Stock * Shinkansen ("bullet train") trainsets ** 0 Series Shinkansen, 0 series ** 100 Series Shinkansen, 100 series ** 200 Series Shinkansen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-competitive Practices
Anti-competitive practices are business or government practices that prevent or reduce Competition (economics), competition in a market. Competition law, Antitrust laws ensure businesses do not engage in competitive practices that harm other, usually smaller, businesses or consumers. These laws are formed to promote healthy competition within a free market by limiting the abuse of monopoly power. Competition allows companies to compete in order for products and services to improve; promote innovation; and provide more choices for consumers. In order to obtain greater profits, some large enterprises take advantage of market power to hinder survival of new entrants. Anti-competitive behavior can undermine the efficiency and fairness of the market, leaving consumers with little choice to obtain a reasonable quality of service. Anti-competitive behavior refers to actions taken by a business or organization to limit, restrict or eliminate competition in a market, usually in order to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2005 In Japan
Events in the year 2005 in Japan. Incumbents * Emperor: Akihito * Prime Minister: Junichiro Koizumi ( L–Kanagawa) * Chief Cabinet Secretary: Hiroyuki Hosoda (L–Shimane) to October 31, Shinzo Abe (L–Yamaguchi) * Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Akira Machida * President of the House of Representatives: Yōhei Kōno (L–Kanagawa) to August 8 and again from September 21 * President of the House of Councillors: Chikage Ōgi (L–proportional) * Diet sessions: 162nd (regular, January 21 to August 8), 163rd (special, September 26 to November 1) – 162nd and 163rd Diet are also often referred to as ''yūsei kokkai'', "postal Diet" Governors *Aichi Prefecture: Masaaki Kanda *Akita Prefecture: Sukeshiro Terata *Aomori Prefecture: Shingo Mimura *Chiba Prefecture: Akiko Dōmoto *Ehime Prefecture: Moriyuki Kato *Fukui Prefecture: Issei Nishikawa *Fukuoka Prefecture: Wataru Asō *Fukushima Prefecture: Eisaku Satō *Gifu Prefecture: Taku Kajiwara (until 5 February ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Japan
The Government of Japan is the central government of Japan. It consists of legislative, executive (government), executive and judiciary branches and functions under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan. Japan is a unitary state, containing forty-seven Administrative divisions of Japan, administrative divisions, with the Emperor of Japan, emperor as its head of state. His role is ceremonial and he has no powers related to the Government. Instead, it is the Cabinet of Japan, Cabinet, comprising the Prime Minister of Japan, prime minister and the Minister (government), ministers of state, that directs and controls the government and the Civil service of Japan, civil service. The Cabinet has the executive power and is formed by the prime minister, who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is nominated by the National Diet and Imperial Investiture, appointed to office by the Emperor. The current cabinet is the Second Ishiba Cabinet, which was formed on 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fair Trade Commission Of Japan
The Japan Fair Trade Commission' ( is the competition regulator in Japan. It is a commission of the Japanese government responsible for regulating economic competition, as well as enforcement of the Antimonopoly Act. Headed by a chairman, the commission is commonly known as or . Notable activities On July 13, 2004, the commission asked Microsoft to remove a clause which it thinks is hurting activities of Japanese companies getting licenses of Microsoft Windows from Microsoft. Microsoft had previously faced another action from the JFTC when Japanese manufacturers were forced to include Microsoft Word on new systems instead of homegrown word processor software Ichitaro. In March 2024, the JFTC accused Nissan of violating the Subcontractor Act by underpaying dozens of suppliers by some 3 billion yen ($20.26 million). In November 2024, the commission reportedly raided Amazon Japan's corporate offices as part of an investigation into potential violations of the Antimonopoly Act. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Land, Infrastructure, Transport And Tourism
The , abbreviated MLIT, is a ministry of the Japanese government.国土交通省設置法 , Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. It is responsible for one-third of all the laws and orders in Japan and is the largest Japanese ministry in terms of employees, as well as the second-largest executive agency of the Japanese government after the Ministry of Defense. The ministry oversees four external agencies including the , the |
Kawasaki Heavy Industries
is a Japanese Public company, public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines, Heavy equipment (construction), heavy equipment, aerospace and Military, defense equipment, rolling stock and ships, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It is also active in the production of industrial robots, gas turbines, pumps, boilers and other industrial products. The company is named after its founder, Kawasaki Shōzō, Shōzō Kawasaki. KHI is known as one of the three major heavy industrial manufacturers of Japan, alongside Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and IHI Corporation, IHI. Prior to the World War II, Second World War, KHI was part of the Kobe Kawasaki ''zaibatsu'', which included JFE Holdings, Kawasaki Steel and K Line, Kawasaki Kisen. After the conflict, KHI became part of the DKB Group (''keiretsu''). History Kawasaki Shōzō, Shōzō Kawasaki, born in 1836, was involved with the marine industry from a young age. He was involved with two offshore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nippon Steel
(previously known as Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal until 2019) is Japan's largest steelmaker, headquartered in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo. The company has four business segments, which are steelmaking, engineering, chemicals, and systems solutions. It is the largest producer of crude steel in Japan and the fourth largest in the world. The company is on the Forbes Global 2000 list, ranked 1971 in 2023. The company is the third incarnation of the Nippon Steel name, each time with a slightly different spelling or pronunciation. The original company, known as Japan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (日本製鐵, ''Nihon Seitetsu''), was split into two separate companies in 1950. These two companies later merged in 1970 to form and this name lasted until 2012, when it merged with Sumitomo Metal Industries. The company’s English name reverted to its 1970 name in 2019, while its Japanese name returned to the original 1934 name. History Early years Nippon Steel traces its roots to J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Highway Public Corporation
, or JH, was a public company established after World War II to construct and manage highway networks in Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ..., founded in 1956. On October 1, 2005, JH was divided into three private enterprises, East Nippon Expressway Company Limited (NEXCO East), Central Nippon Expressway Company Limited (NEXCO Central), and West Nippon Expressway Company Limited (NEXCO West). References Expressway companies of Japan Transport companies based in Tokyo Transport companies established in 1956 Japanese companies established in 1956 Transport companies disestablished in 2005 Japanese companies disestablished in 2005 {{japan-company-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobe Steel
Kobe Steel, Ltd. (株式会社神戸製鋼所, ''Kabushiki gaisha Kōbe Seikō-sho'') is a major Japanese steel manufacturer headquartered in Chūō-ku, Kobe. Kobelco is the unified brand name of the Kobe Steel Group. Kobe Steel has the lowest proportion of steel operations of any major steelmaker in Japan and is characterised as a conglomerate comprising the three pillars of the Materials Division, the Machinery Division and the Power Division. The materials division has a high market share in wire rods and aluminium materials for transport equipment, while the machinery division has a high market share in screw compressors. In addition, the power sector has one of the largest wholesale power supply operations in the country. Kobe Steel is a member of the Mizuho keiretsu. It was formerly part of the DKB Group, Sanwa Group keiretsu, which later were subsumed into Mizuho. The company is listed on the Tokyo & Nagoya Stock Exchange, where its stock is a component of the Nik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shizuoka Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,555,818 and has a geographic area of . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east, Yamanashi Prefecture to the northeast, Nagano Prefecture to the north, and Aichi Prefecture to the west. Shizuoka (city), Shizuoka is the capital and Hamamatsu is the largest city in Shizuoka Prefecture, with other major cities including Fuji, Shizuoka, Fuji, Numazu, and Iwata, Shizuoka, Iwata. Shizuoka Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast and features Suruga Bay formed by the Izu Peninsula, and Lake Hamana which is considered to be one of Japan's largest lakes. Mount Fuji, the tallest volcano in Japan and cultural icon of the country, is partially located in Shizuoka Prefecture on the border with Yamanashi Prefecture. Shizuoka Prefecture has a significant Motor vehicle, motoring heritage as the founding location of Honda, Suzuki Motor C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
