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2003 Hokkaidō Earthquake
The 2003 Hokkaidō earthquake, scientifically named the , occurred off the coast of Hokkaido, Hokkaidō, Japan on 26 September at 04:50 local time (19:50 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC 25 September). At a focal depth of 27 km (17 mi), this Richter magnitude scale#Richter magnitudes, great Submarine earthquake, undersea earthquake measured 8.3 on the moment magnitude scale, making it the most powerful earthquake of 2003, as well as one of the List of earthquakes in Japan, most intense earthquakes to hit Japan since modern record-keeping began in 1900. The Hokkaido earthquake caused extensive damage, destroying roads all around Hokkaidō, and triggered power outages and extensive landslides. Over 800 people were injured. The earthquake also caused a tsunami reaching in height. The earthquake's presence was felt throughout Japan, stretching all the way to Honshu and Tokyo. Tectonic setting The location and focal mechanism, moment tensor solution of this earthquake are con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heisei Period
The was the Japanese era name, period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Akihito from 8 January 1989 until his 2019 Japanese imperial transition, abdication on 30 April 2019. The Heisei era started on 8 January 1989, the day after the death of the Emperor Hirohito, when his son, Akihito, Enthronement of the Japanese Emperor, acceded to the throne as the 125th Emperor of Japan, Emperor. In accordance with Japanese customs, Hirohito was Posthumous name, posthumously renamed "Emperor Shōwa" on 31 January 1989. Thus, 1989 corresponds to Shōwa (1926–1989), Shōwa 64 up until 7 January and from 8 January. The Heisei era ended on 30 April 2019 (Heisei 31), with the abdication of Akihito from the Chrysanthemum Throne. It was succeeded by the Reiwa era as then-crown prince Naruhito ascended the throne on 1 May midnight local time. History and meaning Shortly after the Death and state funeral of Hirohito, death of Emperor Hirohito on 7 January 1989, Keiz� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokyo
Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most populous urban areas in the world. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and parts of six neighboring Prefectures of Japan, prefectures, is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, with 41 million residents . Lying at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kantō region, on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. It is Japan's economic center and the seat of the Government of Japan, Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central Special wards of Tokyo, 23 special wards, which formerly made up Tokyo City; various commuter towns and suburbs in Western Tokyo, its western area; and two outlying island chains, the Tokyo Islands. Although most of the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soil Liquefaction
Soil liquefaction occurs when a cohesionless saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses Shear strength (soil), strength and stiffness in response to an applied Shear stress, stress such as shaking during an earthquake or other sudden change in stress condition, in which material that is ordinarily a solid behaves like a liquid. In soil mechanics, the term "liquefied" was first used by Allen Hazen in reference to the 1918 failure of the Calaveras Dam in California. He described the mechanism of flow liquefaction of the embankment dam as: The phenomenon is most often observed in saturated, loose (low density or uncompacted), sandy soils. This is because a loose sand has a tendency to Compressibility, compress when a force, load is applied. Dense sands, by contrast, tend to expand in volume or 'Reynolds' dilatancy, dilate'. If the soil is saturated by water, a condition that often exists when the soil is below the water table or sea level, then water fills the gap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Bureau Of Shipping
The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) is an American maritime classification society established in 1862. Its stated mission is to promote the security of life, property, and the natural environment, primarily through the development and verification of standards for the design, construction and operational maintenance of marine and offshore assets. ABS's core business is providing global classification services to the marine, offshore, and gas industries. As of 2020, ABS was the second largest class society with a classed fleet of over 12,000 commercial vessels and offshore facilities. ABS develops its standards and technical specifications, known collectively as the ABS Rules & Guides. These Rules form the basis for assessing the design and construction of new vessels and the integrity of existing vessels and marine structures. History ABS was first chartered in the state of New York in 1862 as the American Shipmasters’ Association (ASA) to certify qualified ship captain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Online (South Africa)
''Independent Online'', popularly known as ''IOL'', is a news website based in South Africa that serves the online versions of a number of South African newspapers, including '' The Star'', '' Cape Times'', '' Cape Argus'', ''Weekend Argus'', '' The Mercury'', ''Sunday Tribune'', ''The Independent on Saturday'', and '' The Sunday Independent''. IOL regularly distributes Chinese state media content. IOL has been involved in various controversies, including making up fake stories, fictitious journalists and doxing. IOL is controlled by majority shareholder, Sekunjalo Investments and its chairman Iqbal Survé. Corporate affairs Ownership Sekunjalo Investments initially owned 55% of the company via its subsidiary Sekunjalo Independent Media, the Public Investment Corporation (PIC) owned 25%, and two Chinese state-owned enterprises (China International Television Corporation and the China Africa Development Fund) owned the remaining 20% of the newspaper. China Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicenter
The epicenter (), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates. Determination The primary purpose of a seismometer is to locate the initiating points of earthquake epicenters. The secondary purpose, of determining the 'size' or magnitude must be calculated after the precise location is known. The earliest seismographs were designed to give a sense of the direction of the first motions from an earthquake. The Chinese frog seismograph would have dropped its ball in the general compass direction of the earthquake, assuming a strong positive pulse. We now know that first motions can be in almost any direction depending on the type of initiating rupture ( focal mechanism). The first refinement that allowed a more precise determination of the location was the use of a time scale. Instead of merely noting, or recording, the absolute motions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 Nemuro Earthquake
The in scientific literature, occurred on June 17 at 12:55 local time. It struck with an epicenter just off the Nemuro Peninsula in northern Hokkaidō, Japan. It measured 7.8–7.9 on the moment magnitude scale (), 8.1 on the tsunami magnitude scale () and 7.4 on the Japan Meteorological Agency magnitude scale (). The earthquake had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (''Severe'') and measured 5 on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale, JMA intensity scale. It also triggered a tsunami with observed heights of nearly 3 meters hitting the coastal regions of Hokkaidō, causing damage. No deaths were recorded but twenty-seven individuals suffered injuries, mostly due to falling objects. The total damage from the earthquake is estimated at US$5 million. Historical seismicity The term Nemuro-Oki earthquake refers to large earthquakes that have struck near the Nemuro Peninsula on the island of Hokkaidō in Japan. Earthquakes here are of the megathrust type that occur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuril–Kamchatka Trench
The Kuril–Kamchatka Trench or Kuril Trench (, ''Kurilo-Kamchatskii Zhyolob'') is an oceanic trench in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It lies off the southeast coast of Kamchatka and parallels the Kuril Island chain to meet the Japan Trench east of Hokkaido. It extends from a triple junction with the Ulakhan Fault and the Aleutian Trench near the Commander Islands, Russia, in the northeast, to the intersection with the Japan Trench in the southwest. The trench formed as a result of the subduction zone, which formed in the late Cretaceous, that created the Kuril island arc as well as the Kamchatka volcanic arc. The Pacific plate is being subducted beneath the Okhotsk plate along the trench, resulting in intense volcanism. The maximum depth of the trench is reported in peer-reviewed academic papers as 9,600 meters. Tectonics At the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, the Pacific plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk plate, a minor tectonic plate formerly considered to be part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1968 Tokachi Earthquake
The 1968 Tokachi earthquake (1968年十勝沖地震 ''Sen-kyūhyaku-rokujūhachi-nen Tokachi-oki Jishin'') occurred on May 16 at 0:49 UTC (09:49 local time) in the area offshore of Aomori and Hokkaido. The magnitude of this earthquake was put at 8.3. The intensity of the earthquake reached shindo 5 in Aomori, Aomori and Hakodate, Hokkaido. Geology This earthquake was located near the junction of the Kuril Trench and the Japan Trench. It was an interplate earthquake. The focal mechanism of this earthquake showed movement on a thrust fault with a considerable slip-strike component. The sum of interplate seismic moment release by seismic and aseismic faulting in this earthquake was about 28×1020 N m. The 1960s was noted as one of the peak periods of interplate seismic moment release in the offshore Sanriku region. Damage Heavy rain occurred due to a low pressure system in the days leading up to the earthquake and aggravated the damage. In Hokkaido, building damage was reporte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1952 Hokkaido Earthquake
The 1952 Tokachi earthquake (), occurred at on 4 March in the sea near Tokachi District, Hokkaidō, Japan. It had a magnitude of 8.1 on the moment magnitude scale. Damage There was earthquake and tsunami damage in an area ranging from Hokkaido to the northern part of the Tōhoku region, Tohoku region. As a result, 28 people were killed, five were missing, and 287 were injured. In addition, 815 houses were completely destroyed, 1324 half-damaged, and 6395 partially damaged. Ninety-one houses were swept away, 328 suffered flooding, 20 were lost to fire, and 1621 became uninhabitable. Furthermore, 451 ships were damaged. In Hamanaka, Hokkaidō, Hamanaka, in the Akkeshi District, Hokkaidō, a tsunami destroyed numerous homes. It is thought that drift ice was pushed up by the tsunami and exacerbated the damage. Eight years later, this area was devastated by the tsunami caused by the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, 1960 Chile earthquake, killing 11 people. Akkeshi Bay saw the highest tsunam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
