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2-Oxo-LSD
2-Oxo-LSD, also known as 2-oxy-LSD or 2-keto-LSD, or more fully as 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-LSD, is a lysergamide and metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is a metabolite of LSD in both humans and various animal species, although there are important differences in LSD metabolism and relative proportions of metabolites between species. Metabolism It is formed directly from LSD in the body and is also possibly an intermediate in the generation of LSD's major metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD), which is present in urine at concentrations 4 to 40times those of LSD in humans. However, O-H-LSD may also form from other metabolites, such as 3-hydroxy-LSD. The specific enzymes responsible for the generation of individual LSD metabolites like 2-oxo-LSD are largely unknown. However, several cytochrome P450 enzymes were investigated and implicated in the formation of O-H-LSD in 2019. Pharmacology 2-Oxo-LSD showed absence of various pharmacological eff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-Iodo-LSD
2-Iodo-LSD (IOL) is a putatively non-hallucinogenic serotonin receptor modulator of the lysergamide family related to 2-bromo-LSD (BOL-148) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the 2- iodo derivative of LSD. Pharmacology The drug shows high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors and also shows affinity for other serotonin receptors as well as for the dopamine and adrenergic receptors. In contrast to LSD, but similarly to 2-bromo-LSD, 2-iodo-LSD is predominantly antagonistic at the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and is described as non-hallucinogenic. The drug has about 57.4% of the antiserotonergic activity of LSD in the isolated rat uterus ''in vitro'', whereas 2-bromo-LSD has about 103% of LSD's potency in this assay. Radiolabeling 125I">sup>125I-Iodo-LSD, a radiolabeled analogue of 2-iodo-LSD, has been used as a radioligand for serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. In addition, radiolabeled derivatives of 2-iodo-LSD, such as 1-methyl-2- 125I">sup>125Iodo-LSD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German ; often referred to as acid or lucy), is a Semisynthesis, semisynthetic, Hallucinogen, hallucinogenic compound derived from ergot, known for its powerful psychological effects and Serotonin, serotonergic activity. It was historically significant in psychiatry and 1960s counterculture; it is currently legally restricted but experiencing renewed scientific interest and increasing use. When taken orally, LSD has an onset of action within 0.4 to 1.0 hours (range: 0.1–1.8 hours) and a duration of effect lasting 7 to 12 hours (range: 4–22 hours). It is commonly administered via tabs of Blotting paper, blotter paper. LSD is extremely potent, with noticeable effects at doses as low as 20 Microgram, micrograms and is sometimes taken in much smaller amounts for microdosing. Yet no fatal human overdoses have been documented. LSD is mainly used recreationally or for spiritual purposes. LSD can cause mystical experiences. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14-Hydroxy-LSD
14-Hydroxy-LSD is a lysergamide and a metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is formed via aromatic hydroxylation at position 14 of the lysergic acid moiety and is subsequently excreted as a glucuronide conjugate. 14-Hydroxy-LSD is a major metabolite of LSD in rats and guinea pigs, where it is excreted predominantly as a glucuronide in bile and urine. In contrast, it appears only as a minor metabolite in rhesus monkeys and humans. Studies using human liver microsomes and urine samples have confirmed its presence in humans, but in low concentrations that are often below quantification limits. The specific enzymes involved in the formation of hydroxylated LSD metabolites like 14-hydroxy-LSD remain unidentified. As of 2016, David E. Nichols noted that the pharmacology of hydroxylated LSD metabolites, including 14-hydroxy-LSD, had not been studied. Notably, 14-hydroxy-LSD does not induce LSD-like changes in the EEG of rabbits, in contrast to LSD and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD
2-Oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, or 2-oxy-3-hydroxy-LSD, also known as O-H-LSD or OH-LSD, as well as more fully as 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-LSD, is a lysergamide and the major metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). LSD is eliminated 13% as O-H-LSD in urine within 24hours and urinary concentrations of O-H-LSD are 4 to 40times those of LSD in humans. The specific enzymes responsible for the formation of O-H-LSD from LSD are unclear. However, subsequent research found involvement of several cytochrome P450 enzymes. O-H-LSD is thought to form from other LSD metabolites like 2-oxo-LSD and 3-hydroxy-LSD. It is unknown whether O-H-LSD is pharmacologically active. However, O-H-LSD showed profoundly reduced albeit still detectable activity at the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, compared to LSD ''in vitro''. O-H-LSD was first described in the scientific literature by at least the 1990s. See also * Substi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,3-Dihydro-LSD
2,3-Dihydro-LSD, or 2,3-DH-LSD, also known as 2,3-dihydrolysergic acid diethylamide, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the analogue of LSD in which the 2,3- double bond in the indole ring within the ergoline ring system has been hydrogenated. Use and effects The drug produces similar autonomic and psychoactive effects as LSD in humans, although its hallucinogenic effects are less pronounced. It has been found to possess about one-sixth to one-eighth (i.e., ~15% overall) of the potency of LSD in inducing mydriasis (pupil dilation) and psychedelic effects, respectively, in humans. More specifically, 2,3-dihydro-LSD is psychedelic at doses of 3.0 to 4.5μg/kg (210–315μg for a 70-kg person), while LSD is hallucinogenic at doses of 0.5 to 1.0μg/kg (35–70μg for a 70-kg person). In addition to its greatly reduced potency compared to LSD, 2,3-dihydro-LSD has a delayed onset and time to peak effects relative to LSD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-Oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD
2-Oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, or 2-oxy-3-hydroxy-LSD, also known as O-H-LSD or OH-LSD, as well as more fully as 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-LSD, is a lysergamide and the major metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). LSD is eliminated 13% as O-H-LSD in urine within 24hours and urinary concentrations of O-H-LSD are 4 to 40times those of LSD in humans. The specific enzymes responsible for the formation of O-H-LSD from LSD are unclear. However, subsequent research found involvement of several cytochrome P450 enzymes. O-H-LSD is thought to form from other LSD metabolites like 2-oxo-LSD and 3-hydroxy-LSD. It is unknown whether O-H-LSD is pharmacologically active. However, O-H-LSD showed profoundly reduced albeit still detectable activity at the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, compared to LSD ''in vitro''. O-H-LSD was first described in the scientific literature by at least the 1990s. See also * Substi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Lysergamide
Lysergamides, also known as ergoamides or as lysergic acid amides, are amides of lysergic acid (LA). They are ergolines, with some lysergamides being found naturally in ergot as well as other fungi. Lysergamides are notable in containing embedded phenethylamine and tryptamine moieties within their ergoline ring system. The simplest lysergamides are ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA) and isoergine (iso-lysergic acid amide; iso-LSA). In terms of pharmacology, the lysergamides include numerous serotonin and dopamine receptor agonists, most notably the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) but also a number of pharmaceutical drugs like ergometrine, methylergometrine, methysergide, and cabergoline. Various analogues of LSD, such as the psychedelics ALD-52 (1A-LSD), ETH-LAD, LSZ, and 1P-LSD and the non-hallucinogenic 2-bromo-LSD (BOL-148), have also been developed. Ergopeptines like ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, and bromocriptine are also lysergamides, but with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-HT2 Receptor
The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT2 subfamily consists of three G protein-coupled receptor G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related ...s (GPCRs) which are coupled to Gq/G11 and mediate excitatory neurotransmission, including 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. For more information, please see the respective main articles of the individual subtypes: * 5-HT2A receptor * 5-HT2B receptor * 5-HT2C receptor See also * 5-HT1 receptor * 5-HT3 receptor * 5-HT4 receptor * 5-HT5 receptor * 5-HT6 receptor * 5-HT7 receptor * 5-HT2 antagonists References {{Serotonergics Serotonin receptors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13-Hydroxy-LSD
13-Hydroxy-LSD is a lysergamide and a metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is a major metabolite of LSD in rats and guinea pigs but a minor metabolite of LSD in monkeys and humans. Following its formation, 13-hydroxy-LSD undergoes further metabolism via glucuronidation. Little is known about the specific enzymes responsible for generation of LSD metabolites such as 13-hydroxy-LSD in humans. According to David E. Nichols in 2016, the pharmacology of hydroxylated metabolites of LSD like 13-hydroxy-LSD has not been studied. Nichols has posited that metabolism of LSD into active metabolites with potent dopamine receptor activity may be responsible for the delayed-onset dopaminergic stimulus effects of LSD in rodent drug discrimination tests. Relatedly, lergotrile's corresponding metabolite 13-hydroxylergotrile is several-fold more potent as a dopamine receptor agonist than lergotrile itself ''in vitro''. However, more research is needed to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysergic Acid Ethylamide
D-Lysergic acid ethylamide (LAE-32) is psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is reported to have some LSD-like effects but is weaker and shorter lasting, with an active dose reported to be between 0.5 and 1.4mg. It was studied by the CIA as part of Project MKULTRA. Documents published by the CIA under the Freedom of Information Act suggest it causes "a schizophrenia-like condition" but it allows people with schizophrenia to remain indifferent to their disorder. The drug has also been studied in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. LAE-32 was first described in the scientific literature by Albert Hofmann and colleagues by 1955. See also * Substituted lysergamide Lysergamides, also known as ergoamides or as lysergic acid amides, are amides of lysergic acid (LA). They are ergolines, with some lysergamides being found naturally in ergot as well as other fungi. Lysergamides are notable in containing embed ... * Lysergic aci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysergic Acid Ethyl-2-hydroxyethylamide
Lysergic acid ethyl-2-hydroxyethylamide (LEO) is a serotonin receptor modulator of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the derivative of LSD in which one of its ''N''-ethyl groups of LSD has been hydroxylated at the end or 2 position. It is also an active metabolite of LSD including in humans. LEO shows potent antiserotonergic activity and oxytocic activity in the isolated rat uterus ''in vitro'' similarly to LSD. In addition, it produced hyperthermia in rabbits ''in vivo'' similarly to LSD. LEO was first described in the scientific literature by 1974. See also * Substituted lysergamide * Lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide (LSH) * Ergometrine * 13-Hydroxy-LSD 13-Hydroxy-LSD is a lysergamide and a metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is a major metabolite of LSD in rats and guinea pigs but a minor metabolite of LSD in monkeys and humans. Following its formation, 13-h ... References External links LEO - Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
