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1999 Moldovan Constitutional Referendum
A consultative constitutional referendum was held in Moldova on 23 May 1999.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1330 It was initiated by President Petru Lucinschi and asked voters whether they approved of changing the system of government to a presidential system.Nohlen & Stöver, p1339 The proposal was approved by 64% of voters. However, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova and the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms opposed Lucinschi, and were able to vote several constitutional changes through parliament on 5 July 2000. The changes reduced the powers of the president and strengthened the parliament and government.Nohlen & Stöver, p1318 Question Results References Moldova Constitutional A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldova
Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised breakaway state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. Moldova is a Unitary state, unitary Parliamentary system, parliamentary Representative democracy, representative democratic republic with its capital in Chișinău, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Most of Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was Treaty of Bucharest (1812), ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, nonprofit organizations and inf ...s and political development, he has published several books. Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'' (1999 with Michael Krennerich and Bernhard Thibaut) *''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook'' (2001 with and Christof Hartmann) ** ''Volume 2: South East Asia, East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru Lucinschi
Petru Lucinschi (; born 27 January 1940) is a former Moldovan politician who was Moldova's second President from 1997 to 2001. He currently serves as the founder and head of the Lucinschi Foundation of Strategic Studies and International Relations. Early life and education Petru Lucinschi was born on 27 January 1940 in Rădulenii Vechi village, Soroca County, Kingdom of Romania (now Florești district) into the family of Kirill Vasilievich Lucinschi. Lucinschi carries a transcribed version of the Polish surname Łuczyński, but has never publicly identified with a Polish heritage. In 1962, he graduated from Chisinau State University. During his studies, he was the secretary of the local Komsomol. From 1963 to 1964, he was engaged in Komsomol work in the Soviet Army. He has a PhD in Philosophy (1977) from the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Career in the Communist Party In 1964, he was admitted to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. From 1971, Lucinschi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential System
A presidential, strong-president, or single-executive system (sometimes also congressional system) is a form of government in which a head of government (usually titled " president") heads an executive branch that derives its authority and legitimacy from a source that is separate from the legislative branch. The system was popularized by its inclusion in the Constitution of the United States. This head of government is often also the head of state. In a presidential system, the head of government is directly or indirectly elected by a group of citizens and is not responsible to the legislature, and the legislature cannot dismiss the president except in extraordinary cases. A presidential system contrasts with a parliamentary system, where the head of government (usually called a prime minister) derives their power from the confidence of an elected legislature, which can dismiss the prime minister with a simple majority. Not all presidential systems use the title of ''p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of Communists Of The Republic Of Moldova
The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in a post-Soviet state. It has been variously described as Communism, communist, Moldovenism, Moldovenist, left-wing populism, populist, Russophilia, Russophile, and Soviet patriotism, pro-Soviet. Affiliated with the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union, it is also a member of the Party of the European Left and the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties. In contrast to most like-minded Left-wing politics, left-wing and communist parties, especially in the Western world, the party has a conservative outlook on social issues, reflecting Voronin's views, the country's strong social conservatism, and the influence of the Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova, Moldovan Orthodox Church. History The PCRM was registered as a political party in 1994. The PC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alliance For Democracy And Reforms
The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (often abbreviated to ADR) was a governing coalition in Moldova between numerous non-Communist parties which had absolute majority in the Moldovan Parliament after the 1998 parliamentary election. The overall context At the legislative elections on March 22, 1998, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) gained 40 of the 101 places in the Moldovan Parliament, but was reduced to opposition when an Alliance for Democracy and Reforms was formed by the Democratic Convention of Moldova (26 MPs), For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova (24 MPs), and the Party of Democratic Forces (11 MPs). It is important that a former First Secretary of the Communist Party of Moldavia (PCM), Petru Lucinschi, was the President of Moldova during the activity of The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR). Activity The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR) government was formed as a result of complex negotiations between democratic p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 Referendums
1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launched by NASA. * January 25 – The 6.2 Colombia earthquake hits western Colombia, killing at least 1,900 people. February * February 7 – Abdullah II inherits the throne of Jordan, following the death of his father King Hussein. * February 11 – Pluto moves along its eccentric orbit further from the Sun than Neptune. It had been nearer than Neptune since 1979, and will become again in 2231. * February 12 – U.S. President Bill Clinton is acquitted in impeachment proceedings in the United States Senate. * February 16 ** In Uzbekistan, an apparent assassination attempt against President Islam Karimov takes place at government headquarters. ** Across Europe, Kurdish protestors take over embassies and hold hostages af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 In Moldova
Events in the year 1999 in Moldova. Incumbents * President – Petru Lucinschi * Prime Minister – Ion Ciubuc, Ion Sturza, Dumitru Braghiș * President of the Parliament – Dumitru Diacov Events May * May 11 - The 22nd Peacekeeping Battalion is founded. * May 23 - A nationwide constitutional referendum; Local elections take place. June * June 7 - The Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu State University is founded in Cahul. August * August 15 - The Republican Party of Moldova is founded. September * September 1 - Prime is established. * September 3 - ProTV Chișinău is established. * September 25 - The Labour Party is founded. October * October 22 - Taraclia County is established. References {{Year in Europe, 1999 1990s in Moldova Moldova Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In Moldova
Moldova elects a legislature at national level. The Parliament (''Parlamentul'') has 101 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation with a 6% electoral threshold. The President used to be elected for a four-year term by a constitutional majority of 60% members of the Parliament, but a Constitutional Court's ruling on 4 March 2016, reverted the election method of the President to a two-round system direct election. Parliamentary elections * 1917 Sfatul Țării election * 1941 Moldavian Supreme Soviet election * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1946 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1950 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1954 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1958 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1962 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1966 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1970 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1974 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1979 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1984 * 1990 Moldavian Supreme Soviet election * 1994 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
