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1999 Estonian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 7 March 1999.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p574 The newly elected 101 members of the 9th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. The elections proved disastrous for the ruling Estonian Coalition Party, which won only seven seats together with two of its smaller allies. Following the elections, a coalition government was formed by Mart Laar of the Pro Patria Union, including the Reform Party and the Moderates. It remained in office until Laar resigned in December 2001, after the Reform Party had left the same governing coalition in Tallinn municipality, making opposition leader Edgar Savisaar new Mayor of Tallinn. The Reform Party and the Estonian Centre Party then formed a coalition government that lasted until the 2003 elections. Background Vähi cabinets After the 1995 parliamentary election, the electoral alliance made up of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (, from Estonian ''riigi-'', "of the state", and ''kogu'', "assembly") is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the prime minister and chief justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the president. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power. History History 23 April 1919, the opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly is considered the founding date of the Parliament of Estonia. Established under the 1920 constitution, the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three-year term on the basis of proportional representation. Elections ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1995 Estonian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 5 March 1995.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p574 The newly elected 101 members of the 8th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. The governing parties were heavily defeated, except for the Estonian Reform Party, Reform Party, the successor of Estonian Liberal Democratic Party. The biggest winner was election alliance consisting of Estonian Coalition Party, Coalition Party and the People's Union of Estonia, Country Union, which won in a landslide victory. The alliance won 41 seats, achieving the best result in an Estonian parliamentary election so far as of 2023 Estonian parliamentary election, 2023. Background The majority of the voters were disenchanted with coalition's shock therapy (economics), shock therapy policies and scandals which had already brought about the dismissal of Prime Minister Mart Laar. Laar's premiership was also charac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Populism
Populism is a essentially contested concept, contested concept used to refer to a variety of political stances that emphasize the idea of the "common people" and often position this group in opposition to a perceived elite. It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed in the late 19th century and has been applied to various politicians, parties, and movements since that time, often assuming a pejorative tone. Within political science and other social sciences, several different definitions of populism have been employed, with some scholars proposing that the term be rejected altogether. Etymology and terminology The term "populism" has long been subject to mistranslation and used to describe a broad and often contradictory array of movements and beliefs. Its usage has spanned continents and contexts, leading many scholars to characterize it as a vague or overstretched concept, widely invoked in political discourse, yet i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Moderates (Estonia)
The Social Democratic Party (, SDE) is a centre-left political party in Estonia. It is currently led by Lauri Läänemets. The party was formerly known as the Moderate People's Party (). The SDE has been a member of the Party of European Socialists since 16 May 2003 and was a member of the Socialist International from November 1990 to 2017. It is orientated towards the principles of social-democracy, and it supports Estonia's membership in the European Union. From April 2023 until March 2025, the party was a junior coalition partner in the third Kallas government and the Michal government. History During the perestroika era, the Estonian Social Democratic Party (''Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Partei'', ESDP) was formed as Estonia's social-democratic movements merged in 1990. The movements were: the Estonian Democratic Labour Party, the Estonian Social Democratic Independence Party, the Russian Social Democratic Party of Estonia and the Estonian Socialist Party's Foreign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mart Siimann's Cabinet
Mart Siimann's cabinet was in office in Estonia from 17 March 1997 to 25 March 1999, when it was succeeded by Mart Laar's second cabinet. Members This cabinet's members were the following: * Mart Siimann – Prime Minister * Riivo Sinijärv – Minister of Interior Affairs * Toomas Hendrik Ilves – Minister of Foreign Affairs * Paul Varul – Minister of Justice * Jaak Leimann Jaak Leimann (born 1 March 1941 in Võru) is an Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across ... – Minister of Economic Affairs References Cabinets of Estonia 1997 establishments in Estonia 1999 disestablishments in Estonia Cabinets established in 1997 Cabinets disestablished in 1999 {{Estonia-poli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bank Of Estonia
The Bank of Estonia () is the national central bank for Estonia within the Eurosystem. It was the Estonian central bank from 1919 to 2010 (albeit with a long suspension between 1940 and 1989), issuing the kroon. Name Like other central banks, the Bank of Estonia refers to itself in its native language even in English-speaking contexts. History Interwar period The bank was established on 24 February 1919 by the provisional government of Estonia following the independence of Estonia. In 1921, Eesti Pank was made the national bank and given the duty of printing the Estonian mark. The Bank of Estonia was restructured under the conditions of the stabilization loan coordinated by the Economic and Financial Organization of the League of Nations. A new version of the Statutes was approved in 1927, according to which Eesti Pank became an independent note-issuing central bank with limited functions. The main tasks of the bank remained to guarantee the value of the money throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tallinn City Council
Tallinn City Council () is the representative body of the municipality of Tallinn, the capital and biggest city of Estonia. The executive power body of Tallinn is the Tallinn City Government. Election The members of the Tallinn City Council are elected by residents of the city who have the right to vote on the basis of the Local Government Council Election Act (Estonian citizens and citizens of the European Union who have attained 18 years of age by election day, as well as aliens who reside in Estonia on the basis of a long-term residence permit or the right of permanent residence) for a duration of four years. The most recent election took place in 2021 with its members taking office on 11 November 2021. Organisation The Tallinn City Council works as a plenary assembly. The working bodies of the city council are the leadership, permanent and temporary committees and factions. A faction can be formed by five or more members of the city council who have been elected according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Minister Of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs () is the senior minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs () in the Estonian Government. The Minister is one of the most important members of the Estonian government, with responsibility for the relations between Estonia and foreign states. The Foreign Minister is chosen by the Prime Minister as a part of the government. The current Foreign Minister is Margus Tsahkna. Office holders See also *Foreign relations of Estonia References {{Reflist External linksMinistry of Foreign Affairs official web site*https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/estonia-e.pdf Foreign relations of Estonia Foreign Affairs Minister of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and foreign relations, relations, diplomacy, bilateralism, ... Minister Estonia diplomacy-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
Toomas Hendrik Ilves (; born 26 December 1953) is an Estonian politician who served as the fourth president of Estonia from 2006 until 2016. Ilves worked as a diplomat and journalist, and he was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the 1990s. He served in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 1998 and again from 1999 to 2002. Later, he was a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2006. He was elected as President of Estonia by an electoral college on 23 September 2006 and his term as President began on 9 October 2006. He was reelected by Parliament in 2011. On 1 May 2025, Ilves announced that he had "broken with my promise to avoid all party politics" and joined Volt Europa. Early life and education Ilves was born in Stockholm, Sweden; his parents Endel Ilves (1923–1991) and Irene Ilves (''née'' Rebane; 1925–2018) fled Estonia after its occupation by the Soviet Union during World War II. His maternal grandmother was supposedly a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1996 Estonian Municipal Elections
1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane 1996 Air Africa crash, crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa, killing around 300 people. * January 9–January 20, 20 – Serious fighting breaks out between Russian soldiers and rebel fighters in Chechnya. * January 11 – Ryutaro Hashimoto, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party, becomes Prime Minister of Japan. * January 13 – Prime Minister of Italy, Italy's Prime Minister, Lamberto Dini, resigns after the failure of all-party talks to confirm him. New talks are initiated by President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to form a new government. * January 14 – Jorge Sampaio is elected President of Portugal. * January 16 – President of Sierra Leone Valentine Strasser is deposed by the chief of defence, Julius Maada Bio. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tiit Vähi's Third Cabinet
Tiit Vähi's third cabinet was in office in Estonia from 6 November 1995 to 17 March 1997, when it was succeeded by Mart Siimann's cabinet. Members This cabinet's members were the following: * Tiit Vähi – Prime Minister * Märt Rask – Minister of Interior Affairs * Siim Kallas – Minister of Foreign Affairs * Paul Varul – Minister of Justice * Andres Lipstok Andres Lipstok (born 6 February 1957 in Haapsalu, Estonia) was the chairman of the Bank of Estonia from 7 June 2005 to 7 June 2012. He has been a member of the Eesti Reformierakond (Estonian Reform Party) since 1994 and also the Vice President ... – Minister of Economic Affairs References Cabinets of Estonia {{Estonia-poli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Prime Minister Of Estonia
The prime minister of Estonia () is the head of government of the Estonia, Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President of Estonia, president after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the parliament (''Riigikogu''). In case of disagreement, the parliament can reject the president's nomination and choose their own candidate. In practice, since the prime minister must maintain the confidence of parliament in order to remain in office, he or she is usually the leader of the senior partner in the governing coalition. The current prime minister is Kristen Michal of the Estonian Reform Party, Reform Party. He took the office on 23 July 2024 following the resignation of Kaja Kallas. The prime minister does not head any specific ministry. Rather, in accordance with the Constitution of Estonia, constitution, the prime minister supervises the work of the government. The prime minister's significance and role in the government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
