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1996 Iranian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 8 March 1996, with a second round on 19 April. The Combatant Clergy Association and its allies emerged as the largest bloc in the Majlis of Iran, Majlis, winning 110 of the 270 seats. Electoral system The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, constitution approved in a December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum, December 1979 referendum provided for a 270-seat Majlis, with five seats reserved for minority groups including Persian Jews, Jews, Zoroastrians in Iran, Zorastrians, Iranian Armenians, Armenians from the north and south of the country and one jointly elected by Assyrians in Iran, Assyrians.Iran IPU The elections were conducted using a two-round system, with the number of candidates progressing to the second round being double the number of seats available. Candidates requi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Iranian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 10 April 1992, with a second round on 8 May. The elections were the first parliamentary elections held in Iran since the death of Ayatollah Khomeini and during Ali Khamenei's leadership. It marked a rivalry between the two main organizations at the time, the right-wing Combatant Clergy Association (supporters of President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani) and the left-wing Association of Combatant Clerics. The results marked a victory for the right-wingers who obtained an absolute majority with more than 70 percent of the seats. Campaign Main groups contesting in the elections were: * Combatant Clergy Association, endorsed by Islamic Aligned Organizations * Association of Combatant Clerics, backed by the Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic and Coalition of Imam's Line groups, including student association Office for Strengthening Unity and trade union Worker House. Freedom Movement of Iran, the political group led by Mehdi B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Islamic Republic Of Iran
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (, ''Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran'') is the supreme law of Iran. It was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906. It has been amended once, on 28 July 1989. The constitution was originally made up of 175 articles in 12 chapters, but amended in 1989 to 177 articles in 14 chapters. It has been called a hybrid regime of theocratic and democratic elements. Articles One and Two vest sovereignty in God, and Article Six "mandates popular elections for the presidency and the Majlis, or parliament." Main democratic procedures and rights are subordinate to the Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader, whose powers are spelled out in Chapter Eight (Articles 107–112). History Over the course of the year 1978 Iran was subject to worsening cycles of "provocation, repression, and polarization" in political unrest. It became more and more clear that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nation Party Of Iran
Party of the Iranian Nation (or Nation Party of Iran, Iran Nation Party; ) is "a small opposition" party in Iran advocating establishment of a secular democracy. Although the party is technically illegal, it still operates inside Iran. Founded in 1951 by Dariush Forouhar, the party had a few hundred members, mostly high-school students, and was a member of National Front until the Iranian Revolution; however, it did not carry much weight in the leadership of the front. The party proposed rebuilding Iran by regaining its lost territories in Bahrain, Afghanistan and Caucasia, and its platform was based on anti-capitalism, anti-communism, anti-monarchism, anti-Semitism, anti-Bahá'ísm and anti-clericalism. Popular among high school students in Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a popul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Front (Iran)
The National Front of Iran () is an opposition political organization in Iran. It was founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949, and it is the oldest and arguably the largest pro-democracy group operating inside Iran, despite having never been able to recover the prominence it had in the early 1950s. Initially, the front was an umbrella organization for a broad coalition of forces with nationalist, liberal-democratic, socialist, '' bazaari'', secular and Islamic tendencies, that mobilized to successfully campaign for the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. In 1951, the Front formed a government which was deposed by the 1953 Iranian ''coup d'état'' and subsequently repressed. Members attempted to revive the Front in 1960, 1965, and 1977. Before 1953 and throughout the 1960s, the Front was torn by strife between secular and religious elements. Over time its coalition split into various squabbling factions, with the Front gradually emerging as the leading organization of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Movement Of Iran
The Freedom Movement of Iran (FMI) or Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI; ) is an Iranian pro-democracy political organization founded in 1961, by members describing themselves as "Muslims, Iranians, Constitutionalists and Mossadeghists". It is the oldest party still active in Iran and has been described as a "semi-opposition" or "loyal opposition" party. It has also been described as a "religious nationalist party". The organization was split to the National Front (II), its establishment was supported by Mohammad Mossadegh. It then applied for the membership in the front with a platform advocating national sovereignty, freedom of political activity and expression, social justice under Islam, respect for Iran's constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the Charter of the United Nations. It believes in the separation of religion and state, while that political activity should be guided by religious values. FMI based on a moderate interpretation of Islam. It reje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalition Of Imam's Line Groups
Coalition of Imam's Line groups () was an Iranian political alliance active in 1990s, consisting of Islamic radical leftist groups later emerging current reformists. An ally of Association of Combatant Clerics, the coalition endorsed their list for the 1992 parliamentary election and issued its own list for 1996 elections. Ideology Economically, the group opposed privatization and emphasized social justice, equal distribution of wealth, state control over economy using continuation of subsidy and rationing. In foreign policy, they supported export of the revolution, support of Islamic movements abroad and confrontation with the United States. Member groups Members of the alliance were: *Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization *Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society * Islamic Association of Engineers * Islamic Association of Teachers * Islamic Association of University Instructors * Office for Strengthening Unity Non-member allies * Associatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association For Defence Of Revolution Values
Association for Defence of Islamic Revolution Values (; Jam`īyat-e Defā` az Arzeshhā-ye Enqelāb-e Eslāmī) was a neo- principlist political party in Iran, founded by Mohammad Reyshahri. The party was defeated in the 1996 parliamentary and the 1997 presidential elections. The party's line was similar to those of the Combatant Clergy Association, and its core members were former counterparts of Reyshahri at the Ministry of Intelligence. Ali Akbar Aboutorabi Fard, Ruhollah Hosseinian, Mohammad Shariatmadari, Ahmad Pournejati Ahmad Pournejati () is an Iranian reformist politician who served a member of the Parliament of Iran from 2000 to 2004 representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr. He was also a deputy director of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting ... and Ali Razini were among notable members. References 1996 establishments in Iran Political parties established in 1996 1999 disestablishments in Iran Political parties disestablished in 1999 Pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front Of Followers Of The Line Of The Imam And The Leader
Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader (), formerly known as Islamic Aligned Organizations () is a Coalition of Iranian Principlist political groups. The group which consists of a wide range of traditional conservative parties, is active since administration of Mohammad Khatami, and is aligned with The Two Societies. The coalition was the main conservative electoral list for the 2000 Iranian legislative election,Elections held in 2000 IPU but became part of United Front of Conservatives' list for the and |
Iran (newspaper)
''Iran'' () is a Persian-language and the official daily newspaper of the government of Iran. Profile ''Iran'' was launched in 1995. The Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) owns and publishes ''Iran''. Iran's affiliated website is Iran Network. IRNA also publishes Iran Daily, an English-language daily newspaper, Alvefagh, an Arabic newspaper, Irane varzeshi, a sport daily newspaper, and Irane Sepid for blind people. The newspaper supports the policies of the government and is described as a pro-government conservative daily. The daily was managed by Mosayeb Naeemi during the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Following the 2013 presidential election Mohammad Taqi Roghaniha, CEO of Iran Cultural and Press Institute (ICPI), was appointed manager of the daily. Bans ''Iran'' was closed down by the Press Supervisory Board in May 2006 following its publication a caricature which was deemed to be "divisive and provocative". The caricature which mocked Azeris caused stir among Aze ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-round System
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves one or two rounds of choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate in each round. If no one has a majority of votes in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes in the first round move on to a second election (a second round of voting). The two-round system is in the family of plurality voting systems that also includes single-round plurality (FPP). Like instant-runoff (ranked-choice) voting and first past the post, it elects one winner. The two-round system first emerged in France and has since become the most common single-winner electoral system worldwide. Despite this, runoff-based rules like the two-round system and RCV have faced criticism from social choice theorists as a result of their suscep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assyrians In Iran
Assyrians in Iran (; ), or Iranian Assyrians, are an ethnic and linguistic minority in present-day Iran. The Assyrians of Iran speak Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, a neo-Aramaic language descended from the eastern dialects of the old Aramaic language with elements of Akkadian, and are Eastern Rite Christians belonging mostly to the Assyrian Church of the East and also to the Ancient Church of the East, Assyrian Pentecostal Church, Chaldean Catholic Church and Assyrian Evangelical Church. They share a common history and ethnic identity, rooted in shared linguistic, cultural and religious traditions, with Assyrians in Iraq, Assyrians in Turkey and Assyrians in Syria, as well as with the Assyrian diaspora. The Assyrian community in Iran numbered approximately 200,000 prior to the Islamic Revolution of 1979. In 1987, there were an estimated 50,000 Assyrians living in Tehran. However, after the revolution many Assyrians left the country, primarily for the United States; the 1996 Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Armenians
Iranian Armenians (; ), also known as Persian Armenians (; ), are Iranians of Armenian ethnicity who may speak Armenian as their first language. Estimates of their number in Iran range from 70,000 to 500,000. Areas with a high concentration of them include Tabriz, Tehran, Salmas and New Julfa, Isfahan. Armenians have lived for millennia in the territory that forms modern-day Iran. Many of the oldest Armenian churches, monasteries, and chapels are in Iran. Iranian Armenia (1502–1828), which includes what is now the Armenian Republic, was part of Qajar Iran up to 1828. Iran had one of the largest populations of Armenians in the world, alongside the neighbouring Ottoman Empire until the beginning of the 20th century. Armenians were influential and active in modernizing Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries. After the Iranian Revolution, many Armenians emigrated to Armenian diasporic communities in North America and Western Europe. Today, the Armenians are Iran's largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
