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1991 In France
Events from the year 1991 in France. Incumbents * President of France, President: François Mitterrand * Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister: Michel Rocard (until 15 May), Édith Cresson (starting 15 May) Events *16 March – Official launch of the Citroen ZX. It partly replaces the larger Citroën BX, BX, which will be completely replaced within the next two years by a Citroën Xantia, larger model. *15 May – Édith Cresson becomes France's first female premier. *29 May – Olympique Marseille lose the European Cup 1991 European Cup Final, final to Yugoslavia, Yugoslav champions Red Star Belgrade on penalties after a 0–0 draw in Bari, Italy. *5 September – Peugeot launches the all-new Peugeot 106, 106 supermini, designed as a marginally smaller alternative to the eight-year-old Peugeot 205, 205, which is expected to be phased out after the launch of a larger Peugeot which will replace the Peugeot 309, 309 in early 1993. *Pommeau is granted its ''Appellation d'origi ...
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1991
It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent States, CIS in its place. In July 1991, India abandoned its policies of dirigism, license raj and autarky and began extensive Economic liberalisation in India, liberalisation to its economy. This increased Economy of India, GDP but also increased income inequality in India, income inequality over the next two decades. A United Nations, UN-authorized coalition of the Gulf War, coalition force from 34 nations fought against Ba'athist Iraq, Iraq, which had Invasion of Kuwait, invaded and Kuwait Governorate, annexed Kuwait in the previous year, 1990. The conflict would be called the Gulf War and would mark the beginning of a since-constant American military presence in the Middle East. The clash between Republic of Serbia (1990–2006), Serbia and t ...
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Yugoslavia
, common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p1 = State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg , p2 = Kingdom of MontenegroMontenegro , flag_p2 = Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg , p3 = State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs , flag_p3 = Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg , p4 = Austria-Hungary , flag_p4 = Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg , p7 = Free State of FiumeFiume , flag_p7 = Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg , s1 = Croatia , flag_s1 = Flag of Croatia (1990).svg , s2 = Slovenia , flag_s2 = Flag of Slovenia.svg , s3 ...
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Miguel Indurain
--> Miguel is a given name and surname, the Portuguese and Spanish form of the Hebrew name Michael. It may refer to: Places * Pedro Miguel, a parish in the municipality of Horta and the island of Faial in the Azores Islands * São Miguel (other), various locations in Azores, Portugal, Brazil and Cape Verde People * Miguel (surname) Arts, entertainment, and media * Miguel (singer) (born 1985), Miguel Jontel Pimentel, American recording artist *Miguel Bosé (born 1956), Spanish pop new wave musician and actor * Miguel Calderón (born 1971), artist and writer *Miguel Cancel (born 1968), former American singer * Miguel Córcega (1929–2008), Mexican actor and director *Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), Spanish author * Miguel Delibes (1920–2010), Spanish novelist * Miguel Ferrer (1955–2017), American actor * Miguel Galván (1957–2008), Mexican actor *Miguel Gómez (photographer) (born 1974), Colombian / American photographer. *Miguel Ángel Landa (born 1936), Vene ...
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Nigel Mansell
Nigel Ernest James Mansell (; born 8 August 1953) is a British former racing driver, who competed in Formula One from to . Mansell won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in with Williams, and won 31 Grands Prix across 15 seasons. In American open-wheel racing, Mansell won the IndyCar World Series in 1993 with Newman/Haas Racing, and remains the only driver to have simultaneously held both the World Drivers' Championship and the American open-wheel National Championship. His career in Formula One spanned 15 seasons, with his final two full seasons of top-level racing being spent in the CART series. Mansell was the reigning F1 champion when he moved to CART, becoming the first person to win the CART title in his debut season, and making him the only person to hold both the World Drivers' Championship and the American open-wheel National Championship simultaneously. Mansell is the second most successful British Formula One driver of all time in terms of race win ...
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1991 French Grand Prix
The 1991 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Magny-Cours on 7 July 1991. It was the seventh race of the 1991 Formula One World Championship, and the first French Grand Prix to be held at Magny-Cours. The 72-lap race was won by Nigel Mansell, driving a Williams-Renault, with local driver Alain Prost second in a Ferrari and Ayrton Senna third in a McLaren-Honda. Pre-race The French Grand Prix had moved from the Circuit Paul Ricard near Marseille to the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours in the centre of France, to mixed reviews. There were no changes in the driver line-up, but the Footwork team had decided to abandon the disastrous Porsche V12 engine project in favour of a return to Ford engines, while Ferrari introduced a new car, the 643. Qualifying Pre-qualifying report In the Friday morning pre-qualification session, Andrea de Cesaris was fastest in the Jordan for the second time this season. He was four tenths of a second faster than JJ Lehto in the Dallara, ...
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1991 Tour De France
The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 6 to 28 July. The total race distance was 22 stages over . The race was won by Miguel Induráin, whose Banesto team also won the team classification in the Tour de France, team classification. The points classification in the Tour de France, points classification was won by Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, although he almost crashed out in the final stage. The mountains classification in the Tour de France, mountains classification was won by Claudio Chiappucci, and the young rider classification in the Tour de France, young rider classification by Álvaro Mejía (cyclist), Álvaro Mejía. Teams The 1991 Tour had a starting field of 22 teams of 9 cyclists. Sixteen teams qualified by being ranked in the top 16 of the FICP ranking for teams in May 1991. After the 1991 Giro d'Italia and the Critérium du Dauphiné, Dauphiné Libéré, the Tour organiser gave six additional Wild card (sports), wildcards. ...
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Appellation D'origine Contrôlée
In France, the ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (, ; abbr. AOC ) is a label that identifies an agricultural product whose stages of production and processing are carried out in a defined geographical area – the ''terroir'' – and using recognized and traditional know-how. The specificity of an AOC product is determined by the combination of a physical and biological environment with established production techniques transmitted within a human community. Together, these give the product its distinctive qualities. The defining technical and geographic factors are set forth in standards for each product, including wines, cheeses and meats. Other countries and the European Union have similar labeling systems. The European Union's protected designation of origin (PDO and PGI) system has harmonized the protection of all geographical indications and their registration. When labelling wine however, producers may still use recognized traditional terms like AOC, and are not requ ...
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Pommeau
Pommeau is an alcoholic drink made in north-western France by mixing apple juice with apple brandy: Calvados in Normandy () or lambig in Brittany (). Considered a mistelle, it is generally consumed as an apéritif, or as an accompaniment to melon or blue cheese. It is also popular with a variety of desserts, including any chocolate or apple-based dishes. Production Pommeau is made by mixing two-thirds apple must (unfermented apple juice) to one third of one-year-old Calvados. The proportions are chosen to ensure that the resulting mixture has 16–18% alcohol by volume. The liquid is then put into vats and stirred gently, before being moved to oak barrels, each containing 400 litres, and left to age for at least 14 months. The resulting drink is mahogany in colour with a bright lustre, and has an overall smooth taste, often with vanilla, caramel and butterscotch flavours. Production is controlled by three appellations covering manufacture in Brittany, Normandy and Main ...
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Peugeot 309
The Peugeot 309 is a small family car that was manufactured between 1985 and 1994 in France, England and Spain by PSA Peugeot Citroën. It was originally intended to be badged as a Talbot (automobile), Talbot and, as development progressed, to be called the Talbot Arizona. It was the replacement for the Chrysler Horizon, Talbot Horizon, which had started life as a Chrysler Europe, Chrysler in Britain and a Simca in France, and was also being built in several guises for the market in America. In 1985, the PSA Group decided to discontinue the Talbot brand, with the last passenger vehicle branded as a Talbot to be launched being the Talbot Samba, Samba of 1981, and to market the car as a Peugeot instead. The Talbot brand was phased out completely when Fiat Ducato#Talbot Express, Talbot Express production stopped in 1994. History The 309 had been conceived as ''Projet C28'' as a replacement for the Talbot Horizon, and as a result its development had been performed by the former C ...
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Peugeot 205
The Peugeot 205 is a four-passenger, front-engine, supermini ( B-segment) car manufactured and marketed by Peugeot over a sixteen-year production run from 1983 to 1999, over a single generation. Developed from ''Projet'' M24 and introduced on 25 February 1983, the 205 replaced the Peugeot 104 and the Talbot Samba, using major elements from their design. It won '' What Car?'' Car of the Year for 1984. It was also declared "car of the decade" by CAR Magazine in 1990. Peugeot stopped marketing the 205 in 1999 in favor of its new front-engined 206. The 106, which was introduced in 1991, effectively took over as Peugeot's smaller front-engined model in their lineup. The latter was developed as a close sibling of the Citroën AX, sharing many components and a platform that later evolved into the Citroën Saxo. History Before the 205, Peugeot was considered the most conservative of France's "big three" car manufacturers, producing large saloons such as the 504 and 505, altho ...
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Peugeot 106
The Peugeot 106 is a supermini produced by France, French automaker Peugeot between 1991 and 2003. Launched in September 1991, it was Peugeot's entry level offering throughout its production life, and was initially sold only as a three-door hatchback, with a five-door hatchback joining the range in the beginning of 1992. Production ended in July 2003. For the first year of production, the 1.0 and 1.1 petrol engines came with a Carburetor, carburettor, but were replaced by Fuel injection, fuel injected engines from the end of 1992, as a result of European Economic Community, EEC emissions regulations. Phase I (1991–1996) The "10" line of Peugeot superminis had commenced in 1972 with the launch of the Peugeot 104, 104, one of the first modern European superminis. The 104 was effectively replaced by the Peugeot 205 in 1983, but remained in production for some markets until 1988. There was no "105". The 106 was introduced as a three-door hatchback in continental Europe in Sept ...
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Peugeot
Peugeot (, , ) is a French automobile brand owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was established in 1810, making it the oldest car company in the world. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark. Armand Peugeot (1849–1915) built the company's first vehicle, a Steam car, steam-powered tricycle. In 1886, the company collaborated with Léon Serpollet, followed by the development of an internal combustion car in 1890, which used a Panhard-Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, Daimler engine. The Peugeot family and company are originally from Sochaux, where Peugeot still operates a large manufacturing facility and the Musée de l'Aventure Peugeot, Peugeot Museum. Peugeot vehicles have received numerous international accolades, including six European Car of the Year awards. The brand also boasts over a century of success in motorsport, with victories including the Indianapolis 500 in 1913, 1916, and 1919. Peugeot Spo ...
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