|
1988 Australian Referendum
The 1988 Australian referendum was held on 3 September 1988. It contained four referendum questions, none of which passed. __NOTOC__ Results in detail Parliamentary Terms :''This section is an excerpt from 1988 Australian referendum (Parliamentary Terms) § Result'' Fair Elections :''This section is an excerpt from 1988 Australian referendum (Fair Elections) § Results'' Local Government :''This section is an excerpt from 1988 Australian referendum (Local Government) § Results'' Rights and Freedoms :''This section is an excerpt from 1988 Australian referendum (Rights and Freedoms) § Results'' See also * Referendums in Australia * Politics of Australia * History of Australia References Further reading * * . * Australian Electoral Commission (2007) Referendum Dates and Results 1906 – Present' AEC, Canberra. {{Australian Referendums, year=1988 1988 referendums 1988 Referendum A referendum, plebiscite, or ballot measure is a Direct democracy, di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New South Wales
New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Coral Sea, Coral and Tasman Seas to the east. The Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory are Enclave and exclave, enclaves within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. , the population of New South Wales was over 8.3 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Almost two-thirds of the state's population, 5.3 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a British penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its Western Australia border, western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825. The colony then also includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Australian Referendum (Local Government)
The ''Constitution Alteration (Local Government) Bill'' 1988, was an unsuccessful proposal to alter the Australian Constitution to require that the states maintain a system of democratically elected local government. The amendment would have prevented states from abolishing their local governments or removing elections for them entirely if they so chose to do. It was put to voters for approval in a referendum held on 3 September 1988. The structure of the Constitution primarily deals with the federal level and its relationship with the states, and therefore leaves the issue of local government to the states. The failure of this did not make local government unconstitutional, state parliaments are still free to establish systems of local governments through legislation under section 107 of the Federal Constitution. Each state has provided for constitutional recognition in its respective state constitution. The "no" campaign in 1988 argued that this change would undermine state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Referendums In Australia
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental acts of a legislature, court cases, and treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty that establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Referendums
1988 was a crucial year in the early history of the Internet—it was the year of the first well-known computer virus, the Morris worm, 1988 Internet worm. The first permanent intercontinental Internet link was made between the United States (National Science Foundation Network) and Europe (Nordunet) as well as the first Internet-based chat protocol, Internet Relay Chat. The concept of the World Wide Web was first discussed at CERN in 1988. The Soviet Union began its major deconstructing towards a mixed economy at the beginning of 1988 and began its Dissolution of the Soviet Union, gradual dissolution. The Iron Curtain began to disintegrate in 1988 as People's Republic of Hungary, Hungary began allowing freer travel to the Western world. The first extrasolar planet, Gamma Cephei Ab (confirmed in 2003), was detected this year and the World Health Organization began its mission to Eradication of polio, eradicate polio. Global warming also began to emerge as a more significant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Library Of Australia
The Parliamentary Library of Australia is a significant research and information service that supports the Parliament of Australia. Established in 1901, the library is an integral part of the Department of Parliamentary Services and provides independent, impartial and comprehensive information to members of Parliament, namely members of the Senate and House of Representatives, their staff and the broader parliamentary community. History The library was established in 1901, the year of the federation of the Commonwealth of Australia. Control of the new library was controversial as the fledgling parliament was located in Melbourne where the Victorian premier and the library committee of the State Library of Victoria sought to influence the control and management of the library. From 1923 the library used two names describing the two roles and two collections ''Commonwealth Parliament Library'' which designated the parliamentary collection and ''Commonwealth National Library'' to de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Australia
The history of Australia is the history of the land and peoples which comprise the Commonwealth of Australia. The modern nation came into existence on 1 January 1901 as a federation of former British colonies. The human history of Australia, however, commences with the arrival of the first ancestors of Aboriginal Australians from Maritime Southeast Asia between 50,000 and 65,000 years ago, and continues to the present day multicultural democracy. Aboriginal Australians settled throughout continental Australia and many nearby islands. The Aboriginal art, artistic, Aboriginal music, musical and Dreamtime, spiritual traditions they established are among the longest surviving in human history. The ancestors of today's ethnically and culturally distinct Torres Strait Islanders arrived from what is now Papua New Guinea around 2,500 years ago, and settled the islands on the northern tip of the Australian landmass. Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Australia
The politics of Australia operates under the written Australian Constitution, which sets out Australia as a constitutional monarchy, governed via a parliamentary democracy in the Westminster tradition. Australia is also a federation, where power is divided between the federal government and the states. The monarch, currently King Charles III, is the head of state and is represented locally by the governor-general, while the head of government is the prime minister, currently Anthony Albanese. The country has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system under its Constitution, the world's tenth oldest, since Federation in 1901. Australia is the world's sixth oldest continuous democracy and largely operates as a two-party system in which voting is compulsory. Like other Westminster-style systems of government, Australia's federal system of government consists of three branches: the legislative (Parliament), the executive (the prime minister, the cabinet, oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In Australia
In Australia, referendums (also spelt referenda) are referendum, public votes held on important issues where the electorate may approve or reject a certain proposal. In contemporary usage, polls conducted on non-constitutional issues are known as ''plebiscites'', with the term ''referendum'' being reserved solely for votes on constitutional changes, which is Chapter VIII of the Constitution of Australia, legally required to make a change to the Constitution of Australia. In the past, however the terms were used interchangeably, with the non-constitutional 1916 Australian conscription referendum and the 2009 Western Australian daylight saving referendum being examples. Voting in a referendum is compulsory for those on the electoral roll, in the same way that it is Compulsory voting, compulsory to vote in a Australian electoral system, general election. As of 2023, 45 nationwide referendums have been held, only eight of which have been carried. Of those eight, all but one had bi- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Australian Referendum (Rights And Freedoms)
The ''Constitution Alteration (Rights and Freedoms) Bill'' 1988, was an unsuccessful proposal to alter the Australian Constitution to enshrine various civil rights, namely freedom of religion, rights in relation to trials, and rights regarding the compulsory acquisition of property. It was put to voters for approval in a referendum held on 3 September 1988. Background The constitution provides for 5 express rights, 3 which apply only to the Commonwealth, religious freedom, trial by jury, "just terms" compensation. The 2 rights which apply to all of Australia are free trade between the states, and protection against discrimination based on the state an individual lives in. The yes case was that the existing protections were inadequate as the state and territory governments were not bound to observe the rights. The no case was that the proposals threatened existing rights and freedoms and could threaten the future of state aid for independent schools. Trial by jury The pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Australian Referendum (Fair Elections)
The ''Constitution Alteration (Fair Elections) Bill'' 1988, was an unsuccessful proposal to alter the Australian Constitution to enshrine the principle that each elector's vote should have equal value in Australia, also referred to as one vote, one value, including in states and territories. It was put to voters for approval in a referendum held on 3 September 1988. Question ''A Proposed Law: To alter the Constitution to provide for fair and democratic parliamentary elections throughout Australia.'' ''Do you approve this proposed alteration?'' The proposal was to vary existing provisions of the Constitution as follows (removed text stricken through; substituted text in bold): ; Section 8 Qualification of electors :Subject to this Constitution, the qualification of electors of senators shall be in each State or Territory that which is prescribed by this Constitution, or by the Parliament as the qualification for electors of members of the House of Representatives; but in the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria, Australia
Victoria, commonly abbreviated as Vic, is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state (after Tasmania), with a land area of ; the second-most-populated state (after New South Wales), with a population of over 7 million; and the most densely populated state in Australia (30.6 per km2). Victoria's economy is the second-largest among Australian states and is highly diversified, with service sectors predominating. Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north and South Australia to the west and is bounded by the Bass Strait to the south (with the exception of a small land border with Tasmania located along Boundary Islet), the Southern Ocean to the southwest, and the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the southeast. The state encompasses a range of climates and geographical features from its temperate coastal and central regions to the Victorian Alps in the northeast and the semi-arid northwest. The majority of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Australian Referendum (Parliamentary Terms)
The ''Constitution Alteration (Parliamentary Terms) 1988'' was an unsuccessful proposal put to Referendums in Australia, referendum in the 1988 Australian referendum on 3 September 1988. It proposed to alter the Australian constitution so that both the Australian House of Representatives, House of Representatives and the Australian Senate, Senate would be elected for a term of four years. This involved reducing the terms of the Senate from six years to four years, and increasing the terms of the House of Representatives from three years to four years. It also proposed for the fourth time that Senate and House elections occur simultaneously. Question ''A Proposed Law: To alter the Constitution to provide for 4 year maximum terms for members of both Houses of the Commonwealth Parliament.'' ''Do you approve this proposed alteration?'' The proposal was to alter sections of the Constitution to read as follows: 7. The Senate :The Senate shall be composed of senators for each State, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
