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1986 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 31 January and 2 February 1986. The result was a victory for the Patriotic Union, which won 8 of the 15 seats in the Landtag. The Progressive Citizens' Party won seven seats, whilst the new Free List narrowly failed to cross the 8% electoral threshold and did not obtain representation. Inter-Parliamentary Union The coalition government of the FBP and the VU continued. They were the first elections in which women could vote, as until the passing of a in 1984, suffrage had been limited to men. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1982 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 5 and 7 February 1982. The result was a victory for the Patriotic Union, which won 8 of the 15 seats in the Landtag. Voter turnout was 95.4%, although only male citizens were allowed to vote. Inter-Parliamentary Union Results References Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German language, German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constit ...
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1984 Liechtenstein Women's Suffrage Referendum
A referendum on the introduction of women's suffrage in national elections was held in Liechtenstein on 1 July 1984.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1174 Following the introduction of female suffrage in neighbouring Switzerland at the federal level after a referendum in 1971 (although women had had the right to vote in many cantons and municipalities before this), Liechtenstein had been the only remaining European country to deny women the right to vote.LIECHTENSTEIN: Keeping Up with Kuwait Time, 15 March 1971 Referendums had been held in , |
Elections In Liechtenstein
Elections in Liechtenstein take place at a national level within a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. The Landtag of Liechtenstein has 25 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in two multi-seat constituencies. The country became a democracy in 1984 when it replaced universal male suffrage with universal suffrage, following a national referendum. Electoral process A variation of the standard party-list proportional format is used to elect 15 members from the district of Oberland and 10 members from the district of Unterland. The highest-remainder method dictates each party’s seat total in a district based on their vote share (which will be covered in more detail) there. Elections in these two districts are essentially separate, and the individual municipal divisions technically play no role in determining the eventual winners. There are four parties currently registered in Liechtenstein: the Progressive Citizen’s Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1986 In Liechtenstein
The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which becomes the European Union in 1993. *January 11 – The Gateway Bridge in Brisbane, Australia, at this time the world's longest prestressed concrete free-cantilever bridge, is opened. *January 13– 24 – South Yemen Civil War. *January 20 – The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel. *January 24 – The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus. * January 25 – Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Army Rebel group takes over Uganda after leading a five-year guerrilla war in which up to half a million people are believed to have been killed. They will later use January 26 as the official date to avoid a coincidence of dates with Dictator Idi Amin's 197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1986 Elections In Europe
The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 **Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. ** Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which becomes the European Union in 1993. * January 11 – The Gateway Bridge in Brisbane, Australia, at this time the world's longest prestressed concrete free- cantilever bridge, is opened. *January 13– 24 – South Yemen Civil War. *January 20 – The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel. * January 24 – The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus. *January 25 – Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Army Rebel group takes over Uganda after leading a five-year guerrilla war in which up to half a million people are believed to have been killed. They will later use January 26 as the official date to avoid a coincidence of dates with Dictator I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral systems and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'' (1999 with Michael Krennerich and Bernhard Thibaut) *''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook'' (2001 with and Christof Hartmann) ** ''Volume 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific'' (2002), *''Vo ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Citizens' Party
The Progressive Citizens' Party in Liechtenstein (german: Fortschrittliche Bürgerpartei in Liechtenstein, FBP) is a national-conservative political party in Liechtenstein. The FBP is one of the two major political parties in Liechtenstein, along with the liberal-conservative Patriotic Union. Founded in 1918 along with the now-defunct Christian-Social People's Party, it is the oldest extant party in Liechtenstein. History The party was established in 1918 by middle class citizens and members of the agricultural community as a response to the formation of the Christian-Social People's Party (VP).Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p609 It won the majority of the elected seats in the 1918 elections, Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1182 but the VP formed a government.McHale, p611 The VP won elections in 1922, January 1926 and April 1926, but the FBP won the 1928 elections, and became the party o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landtag Liechtenstein 1970-1986
A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non-federal matters. The States of Germany and Austria are governed by ''landtage''. In addition, the legislature of the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol is known in German as a ''landtag''. Historically, states of the German Confederation also established ''landtage''. The Landtag of Liechtenstein is the small nation's unicameral assembly. Name The German word Landtag is composed of the words ''Land'' (state, country or territory) and ''Tag'' (day). The German word ''Tagung'' (meeting) is derived from the German word ''Tag'', as such meetings were held at daylight and sometimes spanned several days. Historic Landtag assemblies States of the Holy Roman Empire In feudal society, the formal class system was reflected in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emma Eigenmann
Emma Eigenmann-Schädler (born 30 October 1930) is a Liechtensteiner former politician and businesswoman. In 1986 she was the first woman elected to be elected to the Landtag, remaining a member until 1993. Biography Eigenmann was born Emma Schädler in Nendeln in 1930, the daughter of Elwina Katharina Hoop and Eugen Schädler. Her family was involved in politics, with both her father and her uncle Josef Hoop serving as members of the Landtag. She was educated at the St Elisabeth Institute in Schaan between 1943 and 1946 and then the Salve Regina Institute in Fribourg in Switzerland from 1946 to 1947. Between 1947 and 1950 she did an apprenticeship in ceramic painting, before studying at the ceramics school in Höhr-Grenzhausen in Germany. Returning to Liechtenstein, she joined the family ceramics company Schaedler Keramik AG. In August 1953 she married August Eigenmann (1922–1967), with whom she had two children. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways, e.g. in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In Single transferable voting the election threshold is called the quota and not only the first choice but also the next-indicated choices are used to determine whether or not a party passes the electoral threshold (and it is possible to be elected under STV even if a candidate does not pass the election threshold). In MMP systems the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for the top-up seats. The effect of an electoral threshold is to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 3 and 5 March 1989. The result was a victory for the Patriotic Union, which won 13 of the 25 seats in the Landtag, which had been enlarged by 10 seats compared to the 1986 elections. Voter turnout was 90.88%. This was the first and only election contested by the Non-Party List The Non-Party List Liechtenstein (german: Überparteiliche Liste Liechtenstein, ULL) was a political party in Liechtenstein formed to contest the 1989 general election and prevent any of the larger parties from forming a majority. It did not reac ..., a political grouping attempting to prevent either the VU or FBP from forming a majority. Results References Liectenstein 1989 in Liechtenstein Elections in Liechtenstein March 1989 events in Europe {{Liechtenstein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free List (Liechtenstein)
The Free List (german: Freie Liste, FL) is a green political party in Liechtenstein. As of 2017, it has three seats in the Landtag of Liechtenstein and is represented in six of the eleven local councils. It was founded in 1985 and described itself as social-democratic and green Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 Nanometre, nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by .... Electoral history Landtag elections References External links * Political parties in Liechtenstein Social democratic parties in Europe Green parties in Europe Political parties established in 1985 1985 establishments in Liechtenstein {{Liechtenstein-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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