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1980 Ciskei Independence Referendum
An independence referendum was held in the South African Bantustan of Ciskei on 4 December 1980.Elections in South Africa's Apartheid-Era Homelands "Bantustans" African Elections Database Over 99% of voters voted in favour, and Ciskei was declared independent in 1981 after the Status of Ciskei Act, 1981 was passed by the South African government. The results of the referendum were announced on 17 December. "Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1980", '''', 1981, p 407 Results References {{Bant ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independence Referendum
An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the residents of a territory decide whether the territory should become an Independence, independent sovereign state. An independence referendum that results in a vote for independence does not always ultimately result in independence. Procedure An independence referendum typically arises first after political success for nationalism, nationalists of a territory. This could come in the election of politicians or parties with separatism, separatist policies, or from pressure from list of nationalist organizations, nationalist organisations. Negotiations Negotiations for the terms of an independence referendum may take place between the nationalists and the government which exercises sovereignty over the territory. If terms can be agreed, then the independence referendum can be held with its result binding, and respected by the international community. Independence referendums can be held without the consent of a nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Ocean; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini; and it encloses Lesotho. Covering an area of , the country has Demographics of South Africa, a population of over 64 million people. Pretoria is the administrative capital, while Cape Town, as the seat of Parliament of South Africa, Parliament, is the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein is regarded as the judicial capital. The largest, most populous city is Johannesburg, followed by Cape Town and Durban. Cradle of Humankind, Archaeological findings suggest that various hominid species existed in South Africa about 2.5 million years ago, and modern humans inhabited the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bantustan
A Bantustan (also known as a Bantu peoples, Bantu homeland, a Black people, black homeland, a Khoisan, black state or simply known as a homeland; ) was a territory that the National Party (South Africa), National Party administration of the Union of South Africa (1910–1961) and later the Republic of South Africa (1961–1994) set aside for People of Indigenous South African Bantu languages, black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as a part of its policy of apartheid., "1. one of the areas in South Africa where black people lived during the apartheid system; 2. SHOWING DISAPPROVAL any area where people are forced to live without full civil and political rights." The term, first used in the late 1940s, was coined from ''Bantu'' (meaning "people" in some of the Bantu languages) and ''-stan'' (a suffix meaning "land" in Persian language, Persian and other Persian-influenced languages). It subsequently came to be regarded as a disparaging term by s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciskei
Ciskei ( , meaning ''on this side of Great Kei River, [the river] Kei''), officially the Republic of Ciskei (), was a Bantustan for the Xhosa people, located in the southeast of South Africa. It covered an area of , almost entirely surrounded by what was then the Cape Province, and possessed a small coastline along the shore of the Indian Ocean. Under South Africa's policy of apartheid, land was set aside for black peoples in self-governing territories. Ciskei was designated as one of two homelands, or "Bantustans", for Xhosa language, Xhosa-speaking people. Xhosa people were forcibly resettled in the Ciskei and Transkei, the other Xhosa homeland. In contrast to the Transkei, which was largely contiguous and deeply rural, and governed by hereditary chiefs, the area that became the Ciskei had initially been made up of a patchwork of "reserves", interspersed with pockets of white-owned farms. In Ciskei, there were elected headmen and a relatively educated working-class populace, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Institute Of Race Relations
The South African Institute of Race Relations (IRR) is a research and policy organisation in South Africa. The IRR was founded in 1929 to improve and report upon race relations in South Africa between the politically dominant White South Africans, white group and the Black South African, black, Coloureds, coloured, and Indian South Africans, Indian populations, making the Institute "one of the oldest liberal institutions in the country". The Institute investigates socioeconomic conditions in South Africa, and aims to address issues such as poverty and inequality, and to promote economic growth through promoting a system of limited government, a market economy, private enterprise, freedom of speech, individual liberty, property rights, and the rule of law. The IRR tracks trends in every area of South Africa's development, ranging from business and the economy to crime, living conditions, and politics. Throughout most of its history of opposing Racial segregation, segregation and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 Referendums
__NOTOC__ Year 198 (CXCVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Gallus (or, less frequently, year 951 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 198 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire *January 28 **Publius Septimius Geta, son of Septimius Severus, receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. **Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus, is given the title of Augustus (title), Augustus. China *Winter – Battle of Xiapi: The allied armies led by Cao Cao and Liu Bei defeat Lü Bu; afterward Cao Cao has him executed. By topic Religion * Marcus I of Byzantium, Marcus I succeeds Olympianus of Byzantium, Olympianus as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople (until 211). Births * Lu Kai, Chinese official a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independence Referendums
An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the residents of a territory decide whether the territory should become an independent sovereign state. An independence referendum that results in a vote for independence does not always ultimately result in independence. Procedure An independence referendum typically arises first after political success for nationalists of a territory. This could come in the election of politicians or parties with separatist policies, or from pressure from nationalist organisations. Negotiations Negotiations for the terms of an independence referendum may take place between the nationalists and the government which exercises sovereignty over the territory. If terms can be agreed, then the independence referendum can be held with its result binding, and respected by the international community. Independence referendums can be held without the consent of a national or the federal governments, then the international community will rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 In South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1980 in South Africa. Incumbents * State President: Marais Viljoen.Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices: South Africa: Heads of State: 1961-1994 (Accessed on 14 April 2017) * : P.W. Botha. * Chief Justice: [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In South Africa
A referendum, plebiscite, or ballot measure is a direct vote by the electorate (rather than their representatives) on a proposal, law, or political issue. A referendum may be either binding (resulting in the adoption of a new policy) or advisory (functioning like a large-scale opinion poll). Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, 1928, p. 469.). As a gerundive is an adjective,A gerundive is a verbal adjective (Kennedy's Shorter Latin Primer, 1962 edition, p. 91.) not a noun, it cannot be used alone in Latin, and must be contained within a context attached to a noun such as , "A proposal which must be carried back to the people". The addition of the verb (3rd person singular, ) to a gerundive, denotes the idea of necessity or compulsion, that which "must" be done, rather than that which is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
