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1979 Lembata Tsunami
On 18 July 1979, a portion of the Iliwerung volcano on Lembata collapsed into the Savu Sea, triggering a deadly tsunami that swept along the island's coastal villages. The tsunami was triggered by a volcanic landslide, landslide rather than a volcanic eruption. Estimates of the dead start at 539 while another 700 were reported missing. Many of the dead were never recovered. Tsunami characteristics Earlier reports suggested an eruption generated the tsunami which was ruled out as a translation mistake. The cause was later determined to be a landslide along a cape of the island's southern shore. This landslide may have been triggered by an earthquake of unknown magnitude recorded by a seismic observatory in Kupang on 18 July at 00:42. Local newspapers ''Kompas'' and ''Suara Karya'' said the tsunami occurred at 01:00 local time. The tsunami inundated up to inland, sweeping across four settlements. The total landslide volume was estimated at 50 × 10 m3 which originated from the volca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Savu Sea
The Savu Sea (or the Sawu Sea) (, , ) is a small sea within Indonesia named for the island of Savu (Sawu) on its southern boundary. It is bounded by Savu and Raijua to the south, the islands of Rote and Timor (split between East Timor and Indonesia) to the east, Flores and the Alor archipelago to the north/northwest, and the island of Sumba to the west/northwest. Between these islands, it flows into the Indian Ocean to the south and west, the Flores Sea to the north, and the Banda Sea to the northeast. The Savu Sea reaches about in depth. It spans about 600 km from west to east, and 200 km from north to south. The largest city on the sea is Kupang, the capital of East Nusa Tenggara province on the island of Timor, with about 450,000 inhabitants. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Savu Sea as being one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago. The IHO defines its limits as follows: ''On the North.'' By the Southern limi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcanic Tsunami
A volcanic tsunami, also called a volcanogenic tsunami, is a tsunami produced by volcanic phenomena. About 20–25% of all fatalities at volcanoes during the last 250 years have been caused by volcanic tsunamis. The most devastating volcanic tsunami in recorded history was that produced by the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. The waves reached heights of and killed 36,000 people. Causes A wide variety of volcanic processes can produce tsunamis. This includes volcanic earthquakes, caldera collapse, explosive submarine eruptions, the effects of pyroclastic flows and lahars on water, base surges with accompanying shock waves, lava avalanching into the sea, air waves from explosive subaerial eruptions, avalanches of cold rock, and avalanches of hot material. Volcanic tsunamis produced by large lateral collapse landslides and ocean-entering pyroclastic flows are the largest and most hazardous. Volcanic eruptions Pyroclastic flows can cause tsunamis as a result of them interacting with w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time In Indonesia
The Indonesia, Republic of Indonesia, a country located in Southeast Asia has three time zones. Western Indonesia Time (''Waktu Indonesia Barat'', WIB) is seven hours ahead (UTC+07:00) of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), used in the islands of Sumatra, Java, and the western half of Kalimantan. Central Indonesia Time (''Waktu Indonesia Tengah'', WITA) is eight hours ahead (UTC+08:00), used in the eastern half of Kalimantan, as well as all of Bali, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and Sulawesi. Eastern Indonesia Time (''Waktu Indonesia Timur'', WIT) is nine hours ahead (UTC+09:00), used in the Maluku Islands and Western New Guinea. In 1908, during the Dutch East Indies colonial era, only Java and the Madura Island were initially given time until 1932, when the government utilised UTC+06:30 up to UTC+09:30, +09:30. In between those changes in 1918, Central Java (UTC+07:20, now defunct) was the basis for time in select locations: for instance, Padang was 7 minutes behind Central Jav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iliwerung
Iliwerung or Illiwerung is a complex volcano forming a prominent south-facing peninsula on Lembata Island in southern Indonesia. It contains north-south and northwest-southeast trending lines of craters and lava domes, with the summit dome having formed by a VEI-3 eruption in 1870. Iliwerung has erupted at least 13 times since 1870, with eruptions having occurred in 1910, 1928, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1973-1974, 1976, 1983, 1993, 1999, 2013 and 2021. Eruptions since 1973 have been confined to Hobal, a submarine parasitic vent on Iliwerung's lower east-southeastern flank. Iliwerung lies on the southern rim of the Lerek caldera. A landslide from Iliwerung in 1979 produced tsunamis that resulted in more than 500 people killed. In 1983, a tsunami resulting from a submarine eruption caused few deaths. See also *List of volcanoes in Indonesia The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian plate and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lembata
Lembata is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, also known as Lomblen or Kawela; it is the largest island of the Solor Archipelago, in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. It forms a separate regency of the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. The island has a very irregular coastline with numerous bays and promontories, of which the largest is the Ile Ape peninsula on the island's north coast. The length of the island is about 80 km from the southwest to the northeast and the width is about 30 km from the west to the east. It rises to an elevation of 1,621 metres at Mount Ile Labalekang. To the west lie the other islands in the archipelago, most notably Solor and Adonara in the East Flores Regency, and then the larger island of Flores. To the east is the Alor Strait, which separates this archipelago from the Alor Archipelago. To the south across the Savu Sea lies the island of Timor, while to the north the western branch of the Banda Sea separates it from Buton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsunami
A tsunami ( ; from , ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and underwater explosions (including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances) above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are in turn generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water from a large event. Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or sea waves because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide. For this reason, it is often referred to as a tidal wave, although this usage is not favoured by the scientific community because it might give the false impression of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcanic Landslide
A volcanic landslide or volcanogenic landslide is a type of mass wasting that takes place at volcanoes. Occurrences All volcanic edifices are susceptible to landslides, particularly stratovolcanoes and shield volcanoes where landslides are important processes. Volcanic landslides range in size from less than to more than . The largest volcanic landslides on Earth occur from submarine volcanoes and are several times larger than those that occur on land. Submarine landslides with volumes of have occurred in the Canary Islands within the last 43 million years, but the largest submarine landslides could have been up to in volume. Massive submarine landslides have also taken place in the Hawaiian Islands over the last several million years, the largest of which constitute significant portions of the islands from which they originated. Smaller landslides have also been identified at volcanoes on Mars and Venus. Martian landslides reach lengths of and more whereas the largest Venus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kupang
Kupang (, ), formerly known as Koepang, is the capital of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. At the 2020 Indonesian census, 2020 Census, it had a population of 442,758;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 474,801 (comprising 238,997 males and 235,804 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Kupang Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog 1102001.5371) It is the largest city and port (actually the only independent city in the province) on the island of Timor, and is a part of the Timor Leste–Indonesia–Australia Growth Triangle free trade zone. Geographically, Kupang is the southernmost large city in Indonesia, as well as the closest to Australia. History Early history and Portuguese domination Kupang was an important port and trading post during the The Portuguese in Indonesia, Portuguese and Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonial eras. There are still ruins and remnants of the colonial presence in the city. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Nusa Tenggara
East Nusa Tenggara (; ) is the southernmost province of Indonesia. It comprises the eastern portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, facing the Indian Ocean in the south and the Flores Sea in the north, with a total land area of 47,238.07 km2. It consists of more than 500 islands, with the largest ones being Sumba, Flores, and the western part of Timor; the latter shares a land border with the separate nation of East Timor. The province is subdivided into twenty-one regencies and the regency-level city of Kupang, which is the capital and largest city. Archaeological research shows that Liang Bua cave in East Nusa Tenggara has been inhabited by humans since about 190,000 years ago. The site was home to early humans, including ''Homo floresiensis'', who were found in the cave's archaeological layers. East Nusa Tenggara is known for its natural beauty such as Komodo National Park, Labuan Bajo, Lake Kelimutu, and exotic beaches. The province is rich in culture, with diverse tribes, la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rote Island
Rote Island (, also spelled ''Roti'') is an island of Indonesia, part of the East Nusa Tenggara Provinces of Indonesia, province of the Lesser Sunda Islands. According to legend, this island got its name accidentally when a lost Portuguese people, Portuguese sailor arrived and asked a farmer where he was. The surprised farmer, who could not speak Portuguese, introduced himself, "Rote". About 80% of the people of Rote Island in Indonesia are Christian. Christianity is an important part of the community. Geography Rote lies 500 km (310.686 miles) northwest of the Australian coast and 150 km (105.633 miles) north of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands. The island is situated to the southwest of the larger island of Timor. To the north is the Savu Sea, and to the south is the Timor Sea. To the west lie Savu and Sumba. The uninhabited Pamana Island, ''Pamana'' (or ''Ndana'') island, just south of Rote, with an area of , is the southernmost island of Indonesia. Along with some o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 In Indonesia
Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ''Chiquitita'' to commemorate the event. ** In 1979, the United States officially severed diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). This decision marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, turning to view the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate representative of China. ** The United States and the People's Republic of China establish full Sino-American relations, diplomatic relations. ** Following a deal agreed during 1978, France, French carmaker Peugeot completes a takeover of American manufacturer Chrysler's Chrysler Europe, European operations, which are based in United Kingdom, Britain's former Rootes Group factories, as well as the former Simca factories in France. * January 6 – Geylang Bahru family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsunamis In Indonesia
A tsunami ( ; from , ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and underwater explosions (including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances) above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are in turn generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water from a large event. Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or sea waves because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide. For this reason, it is often referred to as a tidal wave, although this usage is not favoured by the scientific community because it might give the false impression of a causal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
