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1979 International Women's Day Protests In Tehran
On International Women's Day on March 8, 1979, a women's march took place in Tehran in Iran. The march was originally intended to celebrate the International Women's Day, but transformed into massive protests against the changes taking place in women's rights during the Iranian revolution, specifically the introduction of mandatory hijab (veiling), which had been announced the day before. The protests lasted for six days, from 8 March to 14 March 1979, with thousands of women participating. The protests were met with violence and intimidation by pro-Khomeini Islamist forces. The clerical-led Islamist faction at the time, lacking the capacity and hegemony to marginalize rival political contenders, were forced into retreat following the protests as far as these goals were concerned. Shortly after however, the Islamist faction mobilised Islamist women to rally on behalf of the new political and social order that they wished to implement. By June 1981, the greater part of Iran's l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehran
Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9.8 million in the city as of 2025, and 16.8 million in the metropolitan area, Tehran is the List of largest cities of Iran, most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, the Largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East, second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East after Cairo, and the 24th most populous metropolitan area in the world. Greater Tehran includes several municipalities, including, Karaj, Eslamshahr, Shahriar, Tehran province, Shahriar, Qods, Iran, Qods, Malard, Golestan, Tehran, Golestan, Pakdasht, Qarchak, Nasimshahr, Parand, Pardis, Andisheh and Fardis. In the classical antiquity, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages (now Ray, Iran, Ray), a prominent Medes, Median city almost entirely des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bazaari
Bazaari ( Persian: بازاری) is the merchant class and workers of bazaars, the traditional marketplaces of Iran. Bazaari are involved in "petty trade of a traditional, or nearly traditional, kind, centered on the bazaar and its Islamic culture". They have been described as "the class of people who helped make the 1979 Iranian Revolution".A Bazaari's World Robert D. Kaplan, ATLANTIC MAGAZINE, March 1996 A broader, more recent definition includes traditional merchants outside of Iran, "a social class...in places where the society is in the midst of an awkward modernization; where the bazaar is in some stage of transition between the world of '' A Thousand and One Nights'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 1979 In Asia
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Meteorology, meteorological beginning of Spring (season), spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. History The name of March comes from ''Martius (month), Martius'', the first month of the earliest Roman calendar. It was named after Mars (mythology), Mars, the List of Roman deities, Roman god of war, and an ancestor of the Roman people through his sons Romulus and Remus. His month ''Martius'' was the beginning of the season for warfare, and the Roman festivals, festivals held in his honor during the month were mirrored by others in October, when the season for these activities came to a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hijab
Hijab (, ) refers to head coverings worn by Women in Islam, Muslim women. Similar to the mitpaḥat/tichel or Snood (headgear), snood worn by religious married Jewish women, certain Christian head covering, headcoverings worn by some Christian women, such as the hanging veil, apostolnik and Kapp (headcovering), kapp, and the dupatta favored by many Hindus, Hindu and Sikhs, Sikh women, the hijab comes in various forms. The term describes a scarf that is wrapped around the head, covering the hair, neck, and ears while leaving the face visible. The use of the hijab has grown globally since the 1970s, with many Muslims viewing it as a symbol of modesty and faith; it is also worn as a form of adornment. There is consensus among Islamic religious scholars that covering the head is required. In practice, most Muslim women choose to wear it. The term was originally used to denote a partition and was sometimes used for Haya (Islam), Islamic rules of modesty. In the verses of the Qur'an, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Protests
Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ''Chiquitita'' to commemorate the event. ** In 1979, the United States officially severed diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). This decision marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, turning to view the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate representative of China. ** The United States and the People's Republic of China establish full Sino-American relations, diplomatic relations. ** Following a deal agreed during 1978, France, French carmaker Peugeot completes a takeover of American manufacturer Chrysler's Chrysler Europe, European operations, which are based in United Kingdom, Britain's former Rootes Group factories, as well as the former Simca factories in France. * January 6 – Geylang Bahru family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflicts In 1979
Conflict may refer to: Social sciences * Conflict (process), the general pattern of groups dealing with disparate ideas * Conflict continuum from cooperation (low intensity), to contest, to higher intensity (violence and war) * Conflict of interest, involvement in multiple interests which could possibly corrupt the motivation or decision-making * Cultural conflict, a type of conflict that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash * Ethnic conflict, a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups * Group conflict, conflict between groups * Intragroup conflict, conflict within groups * Organizational conflict, discord caused by opposition of needs, values, and interests between people working together * Role conflict, incompatible demands placed upon a person such that compliance with both would be difficult * Social conflict, the struggle for agency or power in something * Work–family conflict, incompatible demands between the work and family roles of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protests In Iran
Iran protests or Iranian protests may refer to: * 1921 Persian coup d'état * 1953 Iranian coup d'état * 1979 Islamic Revolution * 1999 Iranian student protests * 2003 Iranian student protests * 2009–2010 Iranian presidential election protests * 2011–2012 Iranian protests * 2016 Cyrus the Great Revolt * 2017–2018 Iranian protests * 2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests * 2019–2020 Iranian protests The 2019–2020 Iranian protests, sometimes known as Bloody November or (using the Iranian calendar) Bloody Aban (), were a series of nationwide civil protests in Iran that took place in 2019 and 2020. Initially caused by a 50–200% increase ... ** Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests * 2021–2022 Iranian protests ** 2022 Iranian food protests * 2022–2023 Mahsa Amini protests ** Woman, Life, Freedom movement {{Disambig Protests in Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aftermath Of The Iranian Revolution
Following the Iranian revolution, which overthrew the Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran in February 1979, Iran was in a "revolutionary crisis mode" until 1982 or 1983 when forces loyal to the revolution's leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, consolidated power. During this period, Iran's economy and the apparatus of government collapsed; its military and security forces were in disarray. Rebellions by Marxist guerrillas and federalist parties against Islamist forces in 1979 Khuzestan insurgency, Khuzistan, 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran, Kurdistan, and Gonbad-e Kavus County, Gonbad-e Qabus started in April 1979, some of them taking more than a year to suppress. Concern about breakdown of order was sufficiently high to prompt discussion by the US National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski over the danger of a Soviet invasion/incursion (the USSR sharing a border with Iran) and whether the US should be prepared to counter it. By 1983, Khomeini and his supporters had crushed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2017–2019 Iranian Protests Against Compulsory Hijab
The Girls of Enghelab protests () are protests against the Hijab by country#Iran, compulsory hijab in Iran, part of the wider Iranian Democracy Movement. The protests were inspired by Vida Movahed, an Iranian woman known as the Girl of Enghelab Street (), who stood in the crowd on a utility box on Enqelab Street, Enghelab Street (Revolution Street) in Tehran on 27 December 2017 during the 2017–2018 Iranian protests who tied a white headscarf, to a stick, and waved it to the crowd as a flag. She was arrested on that day and was released temporary on bail a month later, on 28 January 2018. Some people interpreted Movahed's action as being based on Masih Alinejad's call for White Wednesdays, a protest movement that the presenter at VOA-PNN, VOA Persian Television started in early 2017. Other women later re-enacted her protest and posted photos of their actions on social media. These women are described as the "Girls of Enghelab Street" and the "Girls of Revolution Street" in Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acid Attacks On Women In Isfahan
A series of acid attacks on women in the Iranian city of Isfahan starting sometime around October 2014, raised fears and prompted reports that the victims were targeted for not being properly veiled. As of October 27, 2014, at least twenty-five such attacks had occurred in Isfahan. At least one woman died and many more received severe burns to their faces and hands. Following public outrage over the attacks, the Iranian Parliament passed a law in 2019 that provided broader legal protection to survivors and increased the prison term for perpetrators of acid attacks. The attacks were reportedly carried out by 2 unknown assailants riding together on the same motorbike. They wore helmets with visors down to hide their faces and flung acid into the faces of women who were walking or driving automobiles. None of the perpetrators were found, and as a result the victims were given blood money (“Diyah” in Farsi) from the government. Known victims There are four named victims from the 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guidance Patrol
The Guidance Patrol () or morality police is an Islamic religious police force and vice squad in the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its role is to enforce Sharia law as defined by Iranian legislation, with a particular focus on ensuring compliance with Islamic dress codes, such as mandating that women wear a hijab. It was rumored to be dissolved in December 2022 after three months of continuous protest over women's rights in Iran, although this false information was spread by the Islamic Regime of Iran as a tactic to stop the uprising. Established in 2005 as the successor to the Islamic Revolution Committees, the Guidance Patrol reports directly to the supreme leader. History Since the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution, Iranian law has required all women in the country to wear a hijab that covers the head and neck and conceals the hair. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the Islamic Revolution Committees functioned as Islamic religious police in Iran. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Revolution Committees
Islamic Revolution Committees or Committees of Islamic Revolution (), simply known as the Committee (; commonly referred to as ''Komiteh'', pronounced koh-mee-TAY), was a revolutionary organization turned law enforcement agency in Iran. Founded in 1979, it was succeeded by the Guidance Patrol in 2005. History Founded as one of Organizations of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, after the overthrow of the Shah they served as substitutes for some of the governmental institutions no longer functioning after the fall of the shah, "such as social services, security, and police". Komiteh were "more widespread and active in cities than rural areas". They were often "located in captured police centers, in the houses of former government officials, and in some public places such as the parliament". As an arm of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's network of clerics, they also served as "the backbone of a second power within the state, along with the militia, the army, the revolutionary tribunals", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
