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1970s Operation In Balochistan
The 1970s operation in Balochistan, also known as the Fourth Balochistan Conflict was a four-year military conflict in Balochistan, the largest province of Pakistan, between the Pakistan Army and Baloch separatists and tribesmen that lasted from 1973 to 1977. The conflict began in 1973 shortly after then-Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto dismissed the elected provincial government of Balochistan on the pretext that arms had been discovered in the Iraqi Embassy, ostensibly for Baloch rebels. The ensuing protest against the dismissal of the duly elected government also led to calls for Balochistan's secession, met by Bhutto's ordering the Pakistan Army into the province. Akbar Khan Bugti served as provincial governor during the early stages of the conflict. The operation itself was led by General Tikka Khan against an unknown number of militants coordinated by their Baloch sardars, or tribal chiefs, most notably Khair Bakhsh Marri and Ataullah Mengal. Iran provid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insurgency In Balochistan
The insurgency in Balochistan () is an ongoing insurgency by Baloch separatist insurgents and various Islamist militant groups against the governments of Iran in the province of Sistan and Baluchestan and Pakistan in the province of Balochistan. Rich in natural resources, Balochistan is the largest, least populated and least developed province in Pakistan. Armed groups demand greater control of the province's natural resources and political autonomy. Baloch separatists have attacked civilians from other ethnicities throughout the province. In the 2010s, attacks against the Shia community by sectarian groups—though not always directly related to the political struggle—rose, contributing to tensions in Balochistan. In Pakistan, the ethnic separatist insurgency is low-scale but ongoing mainly in southern Balochistan, as well as sectarian and religiously motivated militancy concentrated mainly in northern and central Balochistan. In Pakistan's Balochistan province, insurg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rahimuddin Khan
Rahimuddin Khan (21 July 1926 – 22 August 2022) was a four-star rank Pakistani general who briefly served as the 16th Governor of Sindh in 1988. Previously, he had served as the fourth Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from 1984 to 1987 and the seventh Governor of Balochistan from 1978 to 1984. He was a member of a secret five-person committee, which consisted of General's Akhtar Abdur Rahman, Fazle Haq, and Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan), Foreign Minister Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, that determined the allocation of weapons among competing Afghan rebel factions during the Soviet–Afghan War. After the Partition of British India, Rahimuddin enrolled as the first cadet of the Pakistan Military Academy. As a captain, Rahimmuddin was part of the martial law administration which took over during the 1953 Lahore riots. He later commanded 111th Infantry Brigade (Pakistan), 111 Brigade in Rawalpindi and II Corps (Pakistan), II Corps in Multan. As Chairman Joint Chiefs, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Policy Centre
The Foreign Policy Centre (FPC) is a British think tank specialising in foreign policy. It was founded in 1998 by Foreign Secretary Robin Cook and his colleagues. It was launched at an event with Prime Minister Tony Blair, with the aim of developing a "vision of a fair and rule-based world order" and supports the European Union. History The Foreign Policy Centre (FPC) has its origins in New Labour and the centre-left of British politics, but works with all political parties. Robin Cook, the former British Foreign Secretary was the FPC's founding President under the patronage of former Prime Minister Tony Blair. The first Director was Mark Leonard (director), who went on to found the European Council on Foreign Relations. The current Director is Susan Coughtrie (appointed in January 2023) replacing Adam Hug, who announced he would stand down from the role after being elected Leader of Westminster City Council in May 2022 (after serving as Director since 2017). The current c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sardar
Sardar, also spelled as Sardaar (, , 'commander', literally 'headmaster'), is a title of royal family, royalty and nobility that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, chiefs, kings and other Aristocracy (class), aristocrats. It has also been used to denote a chief or leader of a tribe or group. It is used as a Persian synonym of the title ''Emir'' of Arabic origin. The term and its cognates originate from Persian ''sardār'' () and have been historically used across Islamic Persia, Persia (Iran), the Ottoman Empire and Turkey (as "Serdar (Ottoman rank), Serdar"), Afghanistan (as "Sardar" for a member of the royal Mohammadzai, Mohammadzai clan in meaning of noblemen), Mesopotamia (now Iraq), Syria, South Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Nepal), Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Balkans and Egypt (as "Sirdar"). Amongst Sikhs, the term began to be adopted due to Afghan influence in the mid-18th century to signify a leader of a Jatha or Misl and gradually replaced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor Of Balochistan, Pakistan
The Governor of Balochistan is the head of the province of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan, Pakistan. The post was established on 1 July 1970, after the dissolution of West Pakistan province and the end of One Unit. Under Pakistan's current parliamentary system, the governorship is a ceremonial position, as a symbol of the federation. The governor is appointed by the centre, whereas the principal head of the provincial government remains the elected Chief Minister of Balochistan. Despite this, Balochistan has seen several periods of martial law or Emergency rule, governor's rule where, in the absence of a chief minister, the governor exercised broad powers. As of March 2023, Abdul Wali Kakar is serving as acting governor after the resignation of Syed Zahoor Ahmad Agha on 4 March 2023. The first governor of the province was Riaz Hussain (general), Riaz Hussain (1970–1971). The longest-serving governor was Rahimuddin Khan (1978–1984). Periods of governor's rule After the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akbar Khan Bugti
Nawab Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti ( Balochi, Urdu: ; 12 July 1926 – 26 August 2006) was a Pakistani politician and the Tumandar (head) of the Bugti tribe of Baloch people who served as the Minister of State for Interior and Governor of Balochistan Province in Pakistan. He also became minister of state for defence in the cabinet of Feroz Khan Noon. Earlier, he had also served as the Minister of State for Interior. He was involved in a struggle, at times armed, for greater autonomy for Balochistan. The government of Pakistan accused him of keeping a private militia and leading a guerrilla war against the state. On 26 August 2006 Bugti was killed when his hide-out cave, located in Kohlu, about 150 miles east of Quetta, collapsed. Early life and family Nawab Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti was born on 12 July 1926 in Dera Bugti (in present-day Balochistan). He was the son of the chief of his tribe, Nawab Mehrab Khan Bugti, and grandson of Sir Shahbaz Khan Bugti. He received his early edu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Diplomatic Missions Of Iraq
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Iraq. Iraq maintains a network of diplomatic missions abroad. While the country has re-opened its missions in Washington, London, Tehran and the capitals of other states it was previously hostile to, Iraq does not have diplomatic relations with Israel. Honorary consulates are excluded from this listing. Current missions Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Multilateral organizations * ** New York City (Permanent Mission) ** Geneva (Permanent Mission) * ** Paris (Permanent Mission) Gallery File:Iraqi Embassy in Abu Dhabi 01 977.JPG, Embassy in Abu Dhabi File:Iraqi Embassy in Beijing.JPG, Embassy in Beijing File:Pacelliallee 19 Berlin-Dahlem.jpg, Embassy in Berlin File:Embassy of Iraq Budapest.jpg, Embassy in Budapest File:Embassy of Iraq to Australia June 2014.jpg, Embassy in Canberra File:Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in Dublin.jpg, Embassy in Dublin File:Iraqi Embassy in The Hague - Netherlands - Irak Ambass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arms Discovery In Iraqi Embassy (Pakistan)
The 1973 raid on the Iraqi embassy in Pakistan was an armed infiltration carried out by Pakistan in February 1973 at the embassy of Ba'athist Iraq in Islamabad. The raid, carried out by the Punjab Rangers and the Islamabad Police, was launched after the interception of information by Pakistani intelligence that uncovered large-scale covert Iraqi involvement in the supply of weapons and funds to militants waging an insurgency against Iran (then the Imperial State of Iran) and Pakistan in the Balochistan region situated between the two countries. Following the embassy raid, an abundance of funds and Soviet armaments from Iraq that were meant for Baloch insurgents were seized by Pakistani forces, and the Iraqi ambassador to Pakistan as well as the embassy's staff were immediately expelled from Pakistan and declared ''personae non gratae''. Pakistan's findings in the embassy raid heightened tensions between Iran and Iraq, which, in 1974, escalated into armed clashes over the Shatt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baloch People
The Baloch ( ) or Baluch ( ; , plural ) are a nomadic, Pastoralism, pastoral, ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranian, Western Iranic Balochi language and is native to the Balochistan region of South Asia, South and Western Asia, encompassing the countries of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula. The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan, while 40% are Baloch people in Sindh, settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number reside in the Baloch people in Punjab, Pakistani Punjab. They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, and around 2% of the populations of both Iran and Afghanistan and the largest non-Arab community in Omani Baloch, Oman. Etymology The exact origin of the word "Baloch" is unclear. According to the Baloch his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Conflict
War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups. It is generally characterized by widespread violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. ''Warfare'' refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties. Etymology The English word ''war'' derives from the 11th-century Old English words and , from Old French ( as in modern French), in turn from the Frankish , ultimately deriving from the Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic . The word is related to the Old Saxon , Old High German , and the modern German , meaning . History An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sher Mohammad Marri
Sher Mohammad Marri () was the chief of the Marri Baloch tribe in Pakistan, and an early leader in the Parrari movement which would lead to the formation of the Baloch Liberation Army, a militant nationalist group. A Marxist, he had close ties to leftist governments in Kabul and Moscow. Life Sher Muhammad Marri was born in Kohlu, Balochistan, British India in 1935. He was also known as Babu Shero, Shero Marri, General Sherof and Baloch Tiger. Insurgency Sher Mohammad was the first Baloch to use the tactics of modern guerrilla warfare against the government. In the early 1960s, his Parari fighters attacked the Pakistani Armed Forces in the Marri area and in Jahlawan under Mir Ali Muhammad Mengal. This campaign came to an end in 1967 with the declaration of a general amnesty. In 1973, Marri was arrested for his role in the struggles against the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Upon his release in the late 1970s, Marri went into exile in Pakistan's Marxist neighbour, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
