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1965 MGM Vault Fire
On August 10, 1965, a fire erupted in Vault 7, a storage facility at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio (MGM) backlot (now Sony Pictures Studios) in Culver City, California. It was caused by an electrical short that ignited flammable stored nitrate film. The initial explosion reportedly killed at least one person, and the resulting fire destroyed the entire contents of the vault, which included archived prints of silent and early sound films produced by MGM and its predecessors. The only known copies of hundreds of films were destroyed. Background The storage vaults, located on Lot 3, were spaced apart from one another to prevent fire from spreading between vaults. Studio manager Roger Mayer described the vaults as "concrete bunk houses" and stated that it was considered at the time as "good storage because he filmscouldn't be stolen". The vaults were not equipped with sprinkler systems and each had only a small fan in the roof for ventilation. However, Mayer believed that a spr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newspapers
A newspaper is a Periodical literature, periodical publication containing written News, information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports, art, and science. They often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, Obituary, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of Subscription business model, subscription revenue, Newsagent's shop, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often Metonymy, metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published Printing, in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also Electronic publishing, published on webs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safety Film
Cellulose acetate film, or safety film, is used in photography as a base material for photographic emulsions. It was introduced in the early 20th century by film manufacturers and intended as a safe film base replacement for unstable and highly flammable Nitrocellulose#Film, nitrate film. Cellulose diacetate film was first employed commercially for photographic film in 1909. Cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate were introduced in the 1930s, and cellulose triacetate in the late 1940s. Acetate films were later replaced by polyester bases. The motion picture industry continued to use cellulose nitrate supports until the introduction of cellulose triacetate in 1948, which met the rigorous safety and performance standards set by the cinematographic industry. The chemical instability of cellulose acetate material, unrecognized at the time of its introduction, has since become a major problem for film archives and collections. History Cellulose diacetate film was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences. Its headquarters are located in Bloomington, Indiana. IU Press publishes approximately 100 new books annually, in addition to 38 academic journals, and maintains a current catalog comprising some 2,000 titles. Indiana University Press primarily publishes in the following areas: African, African American, Asian, cultural, Jewish, Holocaust, Middle Eastern studies, Russian and Eastern European, and women's and gender studies; anthropology, film studies, folklore, history, bioethics, music, paleontology, philanthropy, philosophy, and religion. IU Press undertakes extensive regional publishing under its Quarry Books imprint. History IU Press began in 1950 as part of Indiana University's post-war growth under President Herman B Wells. Bernard Perry, son of Harvard philosophy professor Ralph Barton Per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rediscovered Films
This is a list of rediscovered films that, once thought lost, have since been discovered, in whole or in part. See List of incomplete or partially lost films and List of rediscovered film footage for films that are not wholly lost. For a film that was not released before it was rediscovered, the year is when it was produced. The year is also italicized. The films are listed by year, then alphabetically within each year. Silent films Many films of the silent era have been lost. The Library of Congress estimates 75% of all silent films are lost forever. About 10,919 American silent films were produced, but only 2,749 of them still exist in some complete form, either as an original American 35mm version, a foreign release, or as a lower-quality copy. 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s Sound films 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s See also * '' Bezhin Meadow'', directed by Sergei Eisenstein: The production was halted in 1937 by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Incomplete Or Partially Lost Films
The following is a list of notable films that are incomplete or partially lost. For films for which no footage (including Trailer (promotion), trailers) is known to have survived, see List of lost films. For films that were never completed in the first place, see List of abandoned and unfinished films. Films restored from different sources Sometimes a film can be patched together from multiple sources to present the movie as intended. In the case of horror films made in the 1980s, much of the gore was removed from the negatives and would only be retained on VHS tapes that chose to retain it. When restoring these films as intended, the VHS source mixed with 4K Ultra HD does not match well, and can never be re-watched in their optimal form. On this matter David Gregory, founder of the distribution company Severin Films, said: "When we find that an original camera negative has been cut for censorship, it’s gutting, because rarely are those cuts saved. If they’re cutting the [ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Lost Films
For this list of lost films, a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived. For films in which any portion of the footage remains (including trailers), see List of incomplete or partially lost films. Reasons for loss Films may go missing for a number of reasons. One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s. This type of film is highly flammable, and there have been several devastating fires, such as the 1914 Lubin vault fire, the Universal Pictures fire in 1924, the Warner Bros. First National fire in 1933, the British and Dominions Imperial Studios fire in 1936, and the 1937 Fox vault fire, the 1965 MGM vault fire. Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions. Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Universal Studios Fire
On June 1, 2008, a fire broke out on the backlot of Universal Studios Hollywood, an American film studio and theme park in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles County, California. The fire began when a worker used a blowtorch to warm asphalt shingles that were being applied to a facade. The worker left before checking that all spots had cooled, and as a result, a three-alarm fire broke out. Nine firefighters and a Los Angeles County sheriff's deputy sustained minor injuries. The fire was extinguished after 24 hours. Universal Pictures said the fire destroyed a three-acre () portion of the Universal backlot, including the attraction '' King Kong Encounter'' and 40,000 to 50,000 archived digital video and film copies. A 2019 exposé from ''The New York Times Magazine'' asserted that the fire also destroyed 118,000 to 175,000 audio master tapes belonging to Universal Music Group (UMG), Universal's former division and NBCUniversal's then-sister company thru Vivendi (a shareh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 National Archives Vault Fire
A major fire occurred at the National Archives and Records Administration's film vault in Suitland, Maryland, on December 7, 1978. The fire destroyed 12.6 million feet of Universal Pictures Newsreel footage from 1929 to 1951, including the bombing of Pearl Harbor, other World War II combat footage, and the Great Depression. Film stock Most of the film stock was outtakes of newsreels made during World War II that had never been seen by the public. It was donated by MCA-Universal Pictures to the National Archives in 1974 as a gift to the American public. Most of it was in the Public Domain and irreplaceable. The Universal newsreels are some of the most frequently requested items in the National Archives film collection. The outtakes were stored in 27 film vaults located at the Suitland, Maryland National Archives facility, in Building A. There were 2 other buildings, Buildings B and C of the same size. The newsreels themselves - not the outtakes - were not destroyed because the N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937 Fox Vault Fire
A major fire occurred in a 20th Century-Fox film-storage facility in Little Ferry, New Jersey, United States on July 9, 1937. Flammable nitrate film had previously contributed to several fires in film-industry laboratories, studios and vaults, although the precise causes were often unknown. In Little Ferry, gases produced by decaying film, combined with high temperatures and inadequate ventilation, resulted in spontaneous combustion. One death and two injuries resulted from the fire, which also destroyed all of the archived film in the vaults, resulting in the loss of most of the silent films produced by the Fox Film Corporation before 1932. Also destroyed were negatives from several other studios. The fire brought attention to the potential for decaying nitrate film to spontaneously ignite and changed the focus of film-preservation efforts to include a greater focus on fire safety. Background Nitrate film The early motion-picture industry primarily used film stock made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Divine Woman
''The Divine Woman'' (1928) is an American silent film directed by Victor Sjöström and starring Greta Garbo. Produced and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Only a single nine-minute reel and an additional 45-second excerpt are currently known to exist of this otherwise lost film, the only known complete copy of which was destroyed in the 1965 MGM vault fire. The film grossed $541,000 in the USA and $390,000 internationally; its worldwide gross was $931,000 and generated MGM a profit of $354,000. The film won the March 1928 Photoplay Award for the Best Pictures of the Month, as well as Best Performances of the Month for both Greta Garbo and Lars Hanson. Origin The film is adapted from the 1925 Broadway play ''Starlight'' by Gladys Unger, which starred Doris Keane. The plot is loosely based on stories of the early life of the French actress Sarah Bernhardt. Plot Marianne (Greta Garbo) is a poor French country girl who goes to Paris in the 1860s to seek her fortune as an act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greta Garbo
Greta Garbo (born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress and a premier star during Hollywood's Silent film, silent and early Classical Hollywood cinema, golden eras. Regarded as one of the greatest screen actresses of all time, she was known for her melancholic and somber screen persona, her film portrayals of tragedy, tragic characters, and her subtle and understated performances. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Garbo fifth on its list of the AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars, greatest female stars of classic Hollywood cinema. Garbo launched her career with a secondary role in the 1924 Swedish film ''The Saga of Gosta Berling, The Saga of Gösta Berling''. Her performance caught the attention of Louis B. Mayer, chief executive of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), who brought her to Hollywood in 1925. She stirred interest with her first American silent film, ''Torrent (1926 film), Torrent'' (1926). Garbo's performance in ''Fle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London After Midnight (film)
''London After Midnight'' (original working title: ''The Hypnotist'') is a Lost film, lost 1927 American silent film, silent mystery film, mystery horror film directed and co-produced by Tod Browning and starring Lon Chaney, with Marceline Day, Conrad Nagel, Henry B. Walthall, and Polly Moran. The film was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and was written by Waldemar Young, based on the story "The Hypnotist" which was written by Browning. Merritt B. Gerstad was the cinematographer, and the sets were designed by Cedric Gibbons and Arnold Gillespie. Harry Sharrock was the assistant director. The film cost $151,666.14 to produce, and grossed $1,004,000 (). Chaney's real-life make-up case can be seen in the last scene of the film sitting on a table, the only time it ever appeared in a film. Browning remade the film as a talkie in 1935, as ''Mark of the Vampire'', starring Bela Lugosi. The last known copy of the film was destroyed in the 1965 MGM vault fire, making it one of the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
