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1961 Turkish Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 9 July 1961. Following the coup d'état the previous year, a new constitution was drawn up to replace the one from 1924. It was approved by 61.7% of voters, with an 81.0% turnout.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p254 Results References External linksReferendum Results {{Turkish elections 1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relatio ...
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Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a East Thrace, small portion on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turkish people, Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its list of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city and financial centre. One of the world's earliest permanently Settler, settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1960 Turkish Coup D'état
The 1960 Turkish coup d'état ( tr, 27 Mayıs Darbesi) was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on May 27, 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were ''de facto'' led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. Background The incident took place at a time of both socio-political turmoil and economic hardship, as US aid from the Truman doctrine and the Marshall Plan was running out and so Prime Min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Constitution Of 1961
The Constitution of 1961, officially titled the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), was the fundamental law of Turkey from 1961 to 1982. It was introduced following the 1960 ''coup d'état'', replacing the earlier Constitution of 1924. It was approved in a referendum held on 9 July 1961, with 61.7% of the nation voting in favor. It remained in force until the 1980 ''coup d'état'', following which it was replaced by a new document, the Constitution of 1982, which remains in force today. General principles I. Form of the state Article 1 - The Turkish State is a republic. II. Characteristics of the Republic Article 2 - The Turkish Republic is a nationalistic, democratic, secular and social state, governed by the rule of law, based on human rights and fundamental tenets set forth in the preamble. III. Indivisibility of the State, its official language and its seat of government Article 3 - The Turkish State is an indivisible whole co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Constitution Of 1924
The Constitution of 1924, formally titled the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (Ottoman Turkish: ''Teşkilât-ı Esasiye Kanunu''; tr, 1924 Türk Anayasası), was the fundamental law of Turkey from 1924 to 1961. It replaced the Constitution of 1921 and was ratified by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey following the proclamation of the republic on October 29, 1923. It was ratified on April 20, 1924. It remained in force until the 1960 ''coup d'état'', following which it was replaced by the Constitution of 1961. Summary The Turkish Constitution of 1924 had 105 articles and was divided into six sections: * Section I - Fundamental Provisions, Articles 1-8: Section I describes the basic structural concepts of the newly established Turkish government. These provisions included establishment of a republic which places legislative and executive power in the hands of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey who are given the authority to elect the President of Turkey. Judici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral systems and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'' (1999 with Michael Krennerich and Bernhard Thibaut) *''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook'' (2001 with and Christof Hartmann) ** ''Volume 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific'' (2002), *''Vo ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Referendums In Turkey
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1961 Referendums
Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 (Koivulahti air disaster): Douglas DC-3C OH-LCC of Finnish airline Aero crashes near Kvevlax (Koivulahti), on approach to Vaasa Airport in Finland, killing all 25 on board, due to pilot error: an investigation finds that the captain and first officer were both exhausted for lack of sleep, and had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol at the time of the crash. It remains the deadliest air disaster to occur in the country. * January 5 ** Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti marches into the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. ** After the 1960 military coup, General Cemal Gürsel forms the new government of Turkey (25th governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1961 In Turkey
Events in the year 1961 in Turkey. Parliament * 12th Parliament of Turkey (from 6 January) Incumbents *President – Cemal Gürsel *Prime Minister ::Cemal Gürsel (up to 26 October) :: Fahri Özdilek, acting (26 October – 20 November) :: İsmet İnönü (from 20 November) *Leader of the opposition – Ekrem Alican (from 12 November) Ruling party and the main opposition * Ruling party – Republican People’s Party (CHP) and coalition partner ( Justice Party (AP)) (from 20 November) * Main opposition – New Turkey Party (YTP) (from 20 November) Cabinet *24th government of Turkey (up to 5 January) *25th government of Turkey (5 January – 20 November) *26th government of Turkey (from 20 November) Events * 6 January – constituent assembly * 1 April – The ban on political activities was lifted *3 June – Fenerbahçe won the championship of Turkish football league.http://www.mackolik.com/Standings/Default.aspx?sId=3169 *9 July – Referendum on the new Turkish const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
