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1956 Icelandic Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 24 June 1956.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p961 The Independence Party Independence Party may refer to: Active parties Outside United States * Independence Party (Egypt) * Estonian Independence Party * Independence Party (Finland) * Independence Party (Iceland) * Independence Party (Mauritius) * Independence Part ... remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 13 of the 35 seats. Electoral system The elections were conducted under two electoral systems. Twenty-one members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were elected using D'Hondt method proportional representation: twelve members in two-member constituencies, eight members in Reykjavík, and eleven from a single national compensatory list. To earn national list seats, a party had to win at least one constituency seat. In constituen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 Icelandic Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 28 June 1953.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p961 The Independence Party Independence Party may refer to: Active parties Outside United States * Independence Party (Egypt) * Estonian Independence Party * Independence Party (Finland) * Independence Party (Iceland) * Independence Party (Mauritius) * Independence Part ... remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 14 of the 35 seats. Electoral system The elections were conducted under two electoral systems. Twenty-one members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were elected using D'Hondt method proportional representation: twelve members in two-member constituencies, eight members in Reykjavík, and eleven from a single national compensatory list. To earn national list seats, a party had to win at least one constituency seat. In constituen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D'Hondt Method
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is a method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in party-list proportional representation systems. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods. The method was first described in 1792 by future U.S. president Thomas Jefferson. It was re-invented independently in 1878 by Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt, which is the reason for its two different names. Motivation Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats to parties approximately in proportion to the number of votes received. For example, if a party wins one-third of the votes then it should gain about one-third of the seats. In general, exact proportionality is not possible because these divisions produce fractional numbers of seats. As a result, several methods, of which the D'Hondt method is one, have been devised which ensure that the parties' seat allocations, which are of whole numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Iceland
Iceland elects on a national level a ceremonial head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. The parliament (''Alþingi'') has 63 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation using the D'Hondt method with a closed list. Iceland has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party typically has a chance of gaining power alone which typically results in a hung parliament, so parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. The most recent election was held on 25 September 2021. Voting Eligibility According to Registers Iceland, All Icelandic nationals who have lived abroad for less than eight years are automatically registered to vote as long as they are 18 and have lived in Iceland at some point. Icelandic citizens who lived abroad for more than eight years must register to vote, as long as they are a citizen, at least eighteen years old, and have had l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1956 Elections In Iceland
Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, are killed for trespassing by the Huaorani people of Ecuador, shortly after making contact with them. * January 16 – Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser vows to reconquer Palestine (region), Palestine. * January 25–January 26, 26 – Finnish troops reoccupy Porkkala, after Soviet Union, Soviet troops vacate its military base. Civilians can return February 4. * January 26 – The 1956 Winter Olympics open in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. February * February 11 – British Espionage, spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean (spy), Donald Maclean resurface in the Soviet Union, after being missing for 5 years. * February 14–February 25, 25 – The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is held in Mosc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Preservation Party
National Preservation Party () was a political party in Iceland. History The party was founded on 15 March 1953 by members of the Progressive Party, Social Democratic Party and Socialist Party.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p523 It won two seats in the June 1953 elections, taken by Gils Guðmundsson and Bergur Sigurbjörnsson. Party members also gained seats on the student council of the University of Iceland, Akureyri local council and Reykjavík city council. However, it lost both Althing seats in the 1956 elections. It failed to win a seat in the June and October elections in 1959, and thereafter only contested elections as part of the People's Alliance. Guðmundsson gained a seat, which he held until 1979. Sigurbjörnsson did not succeed in winning back his seat, but served twice in the Althing during the 1963-1967 term, replacing other MPs. In 1970 some party members left the People's Alliance to establish the Union of Libera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Party (Iceland)
The Progressive Party ( is, Framsóknarflokkurinn, FSF) is an agrarian political party in Iceland. For most of its history, the Progressive Party has governed with the Independence Party. Since 30 November 2017, the party has been a coalition partner in the Katrín Jakobsdóttir government. The current chairman of the party is Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson who was elected on 2 October 2016. His predecessor was Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson, who was elected on 18 January 2009 and was Prime Minister of Iceland from 23 May 2013 to 5 April 2016. History The Progressive Party was founded to represent Iceland's farmer class, which went from being dominant from settlement to the late 19th century to rapidly dwindling in the early 20th century as a result of industrialization and urbanization. Its primary support still comes from the rural areas of Iceland and its policy roots still stem from its origin as an agrarian party, although it has since come to self-identify as a liberal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party (Iceland)
The Social Democratic Party ( is, Alþýðuflokkurinn), officially the People's Party, was a social-democratic political party in Iceland. It was founded in 1916, as the political representation of the trade unions of Iceland. History In 1920 its first member of the Althing, the Icelandic parliament, Jón Baldvinsson was elected. The party would contest elections to the Althing with little success until 1934, when the party obtained 10 parliamentary seats. Iceland shifted towards a proportional representation system later that year which political scientist Amel Ahmed attributes to the rising electoral threat that the Social Democratic Party posed to the Independence Party and Progressive Party. Between 1926 and 1940, the party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International.Kowalski, Werner (1985)''Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923–1919'' Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften (in German). The party led the government of Iceland three time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Alliance (Iceland)
The People's Alliance ( is, Alþýðubandalagið) was an electoral alliance in Iceland from 1956 to 1968 and a socialist political party from 1968 to 1998. History In 1916, the Social Democratic Party (''Alþýðuflokkurinn'') was formed in Iceland. In 1930 the party split, leading to the formation of the Communist Party of Iceland (''Kommúnistaflokkur Íslands''), recognised as the Icelandic section of the Communist International. In 1937 the social democrats suffered another split, and the splintergroup unified itself with the communists forming the Socialist Party (''Sósíalistaflokkurinn''). However, the new party did not become a ComIntern member as its forerunner. On April 4, 1956 the Socialist Party created an electoral alliance with yet another left-wing split of the Social Democratic Party led by Hannibal Valdimarsson, thus forming the People's Alliance with Hannibal as its chairman. In 1963 National Preservation Party (''Þjóðvarnarflokkurinn'') contribut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borda Count
The Borda count is a family of positional voting rules which gives each candidate, for each ballot, a number of points corresponding to the number of candidates ranked lower. In the original variant, the lowest-ranked candidate gets 0 points, the next-lowest gets 1 point, etc., and the highest-ranked candidate gets ''n'' − 1 points, where ''n'' is the number of candidates. Once all votes have been counted, the option or candidate with the most points is the winner. The Borda count is intended to elect broadly acceptable options or candidates, rather than those preferred by a majority, and so is often described as a consensus-based voting system rather than a majoritarian one. The Borda count was developed independently several times, being first proposed in 1435 by Nicholas of Cusa (see History below), but is named for the 18th-century French mathematician and naval engineer Jean-Charles de Borda, who devised the system in 1770. It is currently used to elect two ethnic minorit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reykjavík (Althing Constituency)
Reykjavík was one of the multi-member constituencies of the Althing, the national legislature of Iceland. The constituency was established in 1844 when the Althing was converted into a consultative assembly. It was abolished in 2003 when the constituency was split into two constituencies following the re-organisation of constituencies across Iceland. Reykjavík was conterminous with the municipality of Reykjavík. Election results Summary (Excludes compensatory seats.) Detailed 1990s =1999= Results of the 1999 parliamentary election held on 8 May 1999: The following candidates were elected: * Constituency seats - Ásta Ragnheiður Jóhannesdóttir (S), 19,092 votes; Björn Bjarnason (D), 29,997 votes; Bryndís Hlöðversdóttir (S), 19,095 votes; Davíð Oddsson (D), 30,023 votes; Finnur Ingólfsson (B), 6,542 votes; Geir Haarde (D), 30,124 votes; Guðmundur Hallvarðsson (D), 30,093 votes; Guðrún Ögmundsdóttir (S), 19,057 votes; Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (S), 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divisions (Political party, political parties) of the electorate. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are actually used to help elect someone—not just a Plurality (voting), plurality, or a bare majority—and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast. "Proportional" electoral systems mean proportional to ''vote share'' and ''not'' proportional to population size. For example, the United States House of Representatives, US House of Representatives has 435 districts which are drawn so roughly equal or "proportional" numbers of people live within each district, yet members of the House are elected in first-past-the-post e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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