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1937 Luxembourg Political Parties Referendum
A referendum on the order law was held in Luxembourg on 6 June 1937.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 Voters were asked whether they approved of the new law (''loi d'ordre''), which would have banned any political party that sought to change the constitution or national legislation by violence or threats.Nohlen & Stöver, p1252 The law would have resulted in the dissolution of the Communist Party of Luxembourg, Communist Party, and became known as the ''Maulkuerfgesetz'' ("muzzle law" or ''loi muselière'').Nohlen & Stöver, p1235 The proposal was narrowly rejected by voters, leading to the resignation of Prime Minister Joseph Bech and his replacement by Pierre Dupong. Background The law was proposed by the Party of the Right (Luxembourg), Party of the Right, which had become increasingly authoritarian during the 1930s. Protests against the law were led by the Labour Party, trade unions and young members of the Radical Liberal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Luxembourg
The Communist Party of Luxembourg ( lb, Kommunistesch Partei vu Lëtzebuerg; french: Parti Communiste Luxembourgeois; german: Kommunistische Partei Luxemburgs; abbr. KPL or PCL) is a communist party in Luxembourg. is the current chairman of the party. History The KPL was founded on 2 January 1921, in the town of Niederkorn, making it one of the oldest parties in Luxembourg. In 1937, the Bech government attempted to introduce the so-called '' Maulkuerfgesetz'' ("Muzzle law") which would have banned the party. The law was abandoned after failing to achieve popular support in a national referendum. Following the end of the Second World War, the party, which won 11.1% in the legislative elections, joined the National Union Government (1945–47). Its first minister was Charles Marx. After Marx's death in a 1946 car accident, he was replaced by Dominique Urbany. After the death of the leader of the LSAP, the coalition collapsed. With the principle of an all-inclusive governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical Liberal Party (Luxembourg)
The Radical Liberal Party ( lb, Radikal-Liberal Partei, french: Parti Radical Libéral), abbreviated to PRL, was a Luxembourgian political party that existed from 1932 until 1945. It was the main party bridging the gap between the former Liberal League and the current Democratic Party. The party was founded in 1932 through a merger of the Radical Socialist Party (PRS) and the Radical Party (PR). The PRS had been the main group to emerge from the collapse of the Liberal League, whilst the Radical Party had broken away from the PRS in 1928. The two, however, continued to cooperate, and were reunited fully by the created of the Radical Liberal Party in 1932. In their first election, the partial elections held in 1934, the party won 3 seats in the 54-seat Chamber of Deputies. This was increased to five out of 55 in 1937. This would be the last election that the party would fight. The PRL was a part of the Luxembourgian government from 1932 until 1938, as the junior partner to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Luxembourg
The Constitution of Luxembourg (french: Constitution du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg) is the supreme law of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The modern constitution was adopted on 17 October 1868. Whilst the constitution of 1868 marked a radical change in Luxembourg's constitutional settlement, it was technically an amendment of the original constitution. That original constitution was promulgated on 12 October 1841, came into effect on 1 January 1842, and was acutely amended on 20 March 1848, and again on 27 November 1856. Luxembourg first emerged as a legitimate principality in the 14th century. It lived under successive Burgundian, Spanish, French, Austrian sovereignty, until 1815 when the Congress of Vienna erected it into a grand duchy and assigned it to William I, King of the Netherlands. However, it was not annexed to the ''Kingdom'' of the Netherlands; instead, it formed a personal union within the German Confederation created by the Congress of Vienna. When the 1866 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937 In Luxembourg
Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into February, leaving 1 million people homeless and 385 people dead. * January 15 – Spanish Civil War: Second Battle of the Corunna Road ends inconclusively. * January 20 – Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. This is the first time that the United States presidential inauguration occurs on this date; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution. * January 23 – Moscow Trials: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the Soviet Union 17 leading Communists go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937 Referendums
Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into February, leaving 1 million people homeless and 385 people dead. * January 15 – Spanish Civil War: Second Battle of the Corunna Road ends inconclusively. * January 20 – Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. This is the first time that the United States presidential inauguration occurs on this date; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution. * January 23 – Moscow Trials: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the Soviet Union 17 leading Communists go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime, and assassina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In Luxembourg
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a new policy or specific law, or the referendum may be only advisory. In some countries, it is synonymous with or commonly known by other names including plebiscite, votation, popular consultation, ballot question, ballot measure, or proposition. Some definitions of 'plebiscite' suggest it is a type of vote to change the constitution or government of a country. The word, 'referendum' is often a catchall, used for both legislative referrals and initiatives. Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, 1928, p. 469.). As a gerundive is an adjective,A gerundive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Association
Freedom of association encompasses both an individual's right to join or leave groups voluntarily, the right of the group to take collective action to pursue the interests of its members, and the right of an association to accept or decline membership based on certain criteria. It can be described as the right of a person coming together with other individuals to collectively express, promote, pursue and/or defend common interests. Freedom of association is both an individual right and a collective right, guaranteed by all modern and democratic legal systems, including the United States Bill of Rights, article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights, section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and international law, including articles 20 and 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 22 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work by the International Labour Organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies Of Luxembourg
french: Chambre des Députés german: Abgeordnetenkammer , coa_pic = , coa_res = , foundation = , session_room = Joint meeting with the Members of the Standing Committee, the Members of the Luxembourg delegation to the OSCE PA and the Members of the Committee on Foreign and European Affairs, Cooperation, Immigration and Asylum, 25 March 2019 -1.jpg , house_type = Unicameral , houses = , leader1_type = President , leader1 = Fernand Etgen ( DP) , leader2_type = Deputy Presidents , leader2 = Mars Di Bartolomeo (LSAP) Marc Spautz ( CSV)Djuna Bernard ( Déi Gréng) , members = 60 , structure1 = File:D'Chamber 2018.svg , structure1_res = 280px , political_groups1 = Government (31) * Democratic Party (12) * * The Greens (9) Opposition (29) * Christian Social People's Party (21) * Alternative Democratic Reform Party (4) * Pirate Party (2) * The Left (2) , voting_s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of The Right (Luxembourg)
The Party of the Right ( lb, Rietspartei, french: Parti de la droite, german: Rechtspartei), abbreviated to PD, was a political party in Luxembourg between 1914 and 1944. It was the direct predecessor of the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), which has ruled Luxembourg for all but twelve years since. Foundation The conservative PD was founded on 16 January 1914.Blau (2000). p. 27 Present at the founding were Émile Reuter, Émile Prüm, Mgr. Schiltz, Albert Philippe, Pierre Dupong, Joseph Bech and Mgr. Jean Origer. The founding of the party in 1914 was a reaction to the formalisation of the other ideological alliances within the Chamber of Deputies. The Socialist Party formed in 1902, whilst the dominant Liberal League was founded in 1904. The party's foundation also took part in a climate of ''Kulturkampf''. When the Education Law of 1912 was passed by a majority in the Chamber of Deputies, several right-wing figures became convinced that it was necessary to organise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Dupong
Pierre Dupong (1 November 1885 – 23 December 1953)Thewes, Guy"Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché depuis 1848." Service information et presse. Luxembourg: Imprimerie Centrale, 2011. was a Luxembourgish politician and statesman. He was the 16th Prime Minister of Luxembourg, serving for sixteen years, from 5 November 1937 until his death, on 23 December 1953, and was also responsible at different times for the ministries of finance, the army, agriculture, labour and social matters. He founded the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) as the main conservative party after the Second World War, having been a founding member of the Party of the Right (PD) in 1914. He was one of the founding members in 1914 of the Party of the Right, and was elected to the legislature in 1915. From 1926 to 1937 he was Director-General for Finance, and in 1936 and 1937 also Minister for Social Security and Labor. His first government was the Dupong-Krier Ministry (1937–1940). Between 1940 and 1944, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Bech
Joseph Bech (17 February 1887 – 8 March 1975)Thewes, Guy"Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché depuis 1848." Service information et presse. Luxembourg: Imprimerie Centrale, 2011. was a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer. He was the 15th Prime Minister of Luxembourg, serving for eleven years, from 16 July 1926 to 5 November 1937. He returned to the position after World War II, and served for another four years, from 29 December 1953 until 29 March 1958. The 1982–1983 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour. Career Bech studied law at Fribourg and Paris before he received his doctorate in law in 1912, and qualified as a lawyer in 1914. The same year, on 30 June, he was elected to the Luxembourgish Chamber of Deputies for the newly-founded Party of the Right, representing the Canton of Grevenmacher. On 15 April 1921, Bech was appointed to Émile Reuter's cabinet, holding the positions of Director-General for the Interior and Director-General for Educat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
