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1930 In Science
The year 1930 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy and space exploration * January 15 – The Moon moves into perigee at the same time as the lunar phase reaches its fullest. This is the closest Moon distance to Earth (at 356,397 km) in 23 years and it will not come closer until 2257. * February 18 – Pluto is identified by Clyde Tombaugh from photographs taken during January at the Lowell Observatory. * Bernhard Schmidt invents the Schmidt Camera. Atmospheric sciences * January 30 – Pavel Molchanov launches a radiosonde from Pavlovsk in the Soviet Union. * Sydney Chapman explains the ozone-oxygen cycle, the process by which ozone is continually regenerated in Earth's stratosphere. Botany * Elena Ivanovna Barulina produces the first study of the international distribution of lentils. Chemistry * April 17 – Neoprene is invented by DuPont. History of science * Soviet Orientalist Vasily Vasilievich Struve, with Bori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Florence
The University of Florence ( Italian: ''Università degli Studi di Firenze'') (in acronym UNIFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy. It comprises 12 schools and has around 50,000 students enrolled. History The first university in Florence was the which was established by the Florentine Republic in 1321. The Studium was recognized by Pope Clement VI in 1349, and authorized to grant regular degrees. The Pope also established that the first Italian faculty of theology would be in Florence. The Studium became an imperial university in 1364, but was moved to Pisa in 1473 when Lorenzo the Magnificent gained control of Florence. Charles VIII moved it back from 1497 to 1515, but it was moved to Pisa again when the Medici family returned to power. The modern university dates from 1859, when a group of disparate higher-studies institutions grouped together in the Istituto di Studi Pratici e di Perfezionamento, which a year later was recognized as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Mathematical Papyrus
The Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, also named the Golenishchev Mathematical Papyrus after its first non-Egyptian owner, Egyptologist Vladimir Golenishchev, is an ancient Egyptian mathematical papyrus containing several problems in arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. Golenishchev bought the papyrus in 1892 or 1893 in Thebes. It later entered the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow, where it remains today. Based on the palaeography and orthography of the hieratic text, the text was most likely written down in the 13th Dynasty and based on older material probably dating to the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, roughly 1850 BC.Clagett, Marshall. 1999. Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book. Volume 3: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 232. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. Approximately 5.5 m (18 ft) long and varying between wide, its format was divided by the Soviet Orientalist Vasily Vasilievic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Turaev
Boris Alexandrovich Turayev (; – 23 July 1920) was a Russian scholar who studied the Ancient Near East (mainly Ancient Egypt and Nubia). He was admitted into the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1918. After graduating from the University of St Petersburg (1891) Turayev studied under Gaston Maspero and Adolf ErmanThe Great Soviet Encyclopaedia, 3rd ed.article "Тураев Б.А."/ref> and worked in museums of Berlin, Paris and London. Since 1896, he delivered lectures at the University of St Petersburg. He was an ordinary professor of this university since 1911. After the establishment of the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts, Turayev persuaded Vladimir Golenishchev to sell his collection of ancient Egyptian statuary and curiosities to the museum. For a time he lived in the museum building, preparing the collection for exhibition. His own collection of Egyptian antiquities went to the State Hermitage. Boris Turayev's magnum opus, ''History of Ancient East'' (1911, 2 volumes), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Vasilievich Struve
Vasily Vasilievich Struve (; in Saint Petersburg, Petersburg, Russian Empire – September 15, 1965 in Leningrad) was a Soviet Union, Soviet oriental studies, orientalist from the Struve family, the founder of the Soviet scientific school of researchers on Ancient Near East history. In 1907 he entered the Department of History at the Faculty of History and Philology of the Saint Petersburg State University, Petersburg University, where he studied the Ancient Greek and Latin language, Latin languages, and Egyptian language, Ancient Egyptian language under the leadership of the famous Russian Egyptologist Boris Turaev. He became proficient in all types of Egyptian hieroglyphs, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, including Demotic (Egyptian), Demotic.Biography of Struve at the website of the Institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oriental Studies
Oriental studies is the academic field that studies Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology. In recent years, the subject has often been turned into the newer terms of Middle Eastern studies and Asian studies. Traditional Oriental studies in Europe is today generally focused on the discipline of Islamic studies; the study of China, especially traditional China, is often called Sinology. The study of East Asia in general, especially in the United States, is often called East Asian studies. The European study of the region formerly known as "the Orient" had primarily religious origins, which have remained an important motivation until recent times. That is partly since the Abrahamic religions in Europe (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam) originated in the Middle East and because of the rise of Islam in the 7th century. Consequently, there was much interest in the origin of those faiths and of Western culture in general. Learnin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technology And Culture
''Technology and Culture'' is a quarterly academic journal founded in 1959. It is an official publication of the Society for the History of Technology (SHOT), whose members routinely refer to it as "T&C". Besides scholarly articles and critical essays, the journal publishes reviews of books and museum exhibitions. The journal occasionally publishes thematic issues; topics include patents, gender and technology, and ecology. ''Technology and Culture'' has had three past editors-in-chief: Melvin Kranzberg (1959–1981), Robert C. Post (1982–1995), and John M. Staudenmaier (1996–2010). From 2011 to 2021, the journal was edited at the University of Oklahoma by Suzanne Moon. Its current editor in chief is Ruth Oldenziel at the Eindhoven University of Technology. Managing editors have included Joan Mentzer, Joseph M. Schultz, David M. Lucsko, and Peter Soppelsa. In its inaugural issue, editor Melvin Kranzberg set out a threefold educational mission for the journal: "to promote the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DuPont
Dupont, DuPont, Du Pont, duPont, or du Pont may refer to: People * Dupont (surname) Dupont, also spelled as DuPont, duPont, Du Pont, or du Pont is a French surname meaning "of the bridge", historically indicating that the holder of the surname resided near a bridge. , the name was the fourth most popular surname in Belgium, and , i ..., a surname of French origin * Du Pont family, one of the wealthiest families in the United States Companies * DuPont, one of the world's largest chemical companies * Du Pont Motors, a marine engine and automobile manufacturer from 1919 to 1931 * Dupont Brewery, a brewery in Belgium Places in the United States * Dupont, Colorado, an unincorporated community * Du Pont, Georgia, a town * Dupont, Indiana, a town * Dupont, Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, an unincorporated community * Dupont, Ohio, a village * Dupont, Pennsylvania, a borough * Dupont, Tennessee, a community * DuPont, Washington, a city * Dupont, Wisconsin, a town * DuPont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoprene
Neoprene (also polychloroprene) is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene.Werner Obrecht, Jean-Pierre Lambert, Michael Happ, Christiane Oppenheimer-Stix, John Dunn and Ralf Krüger "Rubber, 4. Emulsion Rubbers" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Neoprene exhibits good chemical stability and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range. Neoprene is sold either as solid rubber or in latex form and is used in a wide variety of commercial applications, such as laptop sleeves, orthopaedic braces (wrist, knee, etc.), electrical insulation, medical gloves, liquid and sheet-applied elastomeric membranes or flashings, and Motor vehicle, automotive fan belt (mechanical), belts. Production Neoprene is produced by free-radical polymerization of chloroprene. In commercial production, this polymer is prepared by Emulsion_polymerization, free radical emulsion polymerization. Polymerization is initiated us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lentil
The lentil (''Vicia lens'' or ''Lens culinaris'') is an annual plant, annual legume grown for its Lens (geometry), lens-shaped edible seeds or ''pulses'', also called ''lentils''. It is about tall, and the seeds grow in Legume, pods, usually with two seeds in each. Lentil seeds are used around the world for culinary purposes. In cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, where lentils are a staple food, staple, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) known as ''dal'' are often cooked into a thick curry that is usually eaten with rice or roti. Lentils are commonly used in stews and soups. Botanical description Name Many different names in different parts of the world are used for the crop lentil. The first use of the word ''lens'' to designate a specific genus was in the 17th century by the botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Tournefort. The word "lens" for the lentil is of classical Roman or Latin origin, possibly from a prominent Roman family named Lentulus, just as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elena Ivanovna Barulina
Elena Ivanovna Barulina (; 1895 – 9 July 1957) was a Russian and Soviet botanist and geneticist who conducted pioneering research on lentils and their wild relatives. In 1930, she published the first map of their international distribution, in a 317-page monograph that became the standard reference for researchers. Early life Barulina was born in 1895 in Saratov, a major port on the Volga River. Her father was a manager in the port. After graduating from gymnasium in 1913 (with a silver medal) she entered the Faculty of Agronomy at the University of Saratov. Career One of her professors, the Russian botanist and geographer Nikolai Vavilov, recommended her for graduate work and later invited her to accompany him to St. Petersburg where he would become Director of the Bureau of Applied Botany (now the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry). Once there, she became assistant head of the institute's experimental seed station. In 1926, she married Vavilov. Barulina became the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
