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18th Marine Battalion (Ukraine)
The 18th Marine Battalion is a marine battalion of the Ukrainian Marine Corps 35th Marine Brigade and was formerly attached to the 28th Mechanized Brigade. It was initially established as the 18th Territorial Defense Battalion, a volunteer formation based at Odessa, eventually becoming a permanent formation of the Marine Corps. History It was initially established as the 18th Territorial Defense Battalion in Odessa Oblast in May 2014 with the head of the Odessa state administration Volodymyr Nemyrovskyi leading its formation. On May 30, 2014, the newly appointed head of Odessa State Administration Ihor Palytsia and the commander of the Operational Command South, Lieutenant General Anatoliy Syrotenko presented a battle flag to the battalion. It was also informed to the press that the battalion wasn't a temporary unit as they're not given combat flags. A reserve officer and former commander of an Airmobile Brigade was appointed as the commander although his name wasn't disclosed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odessa
ODESSA is an American codename (from the German language, German: ''Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen'', meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Nazi underground escape-plans made at the end of World War II by a group of ''SS'' officers with the aim of facilitating secret escape routes, and any directly ensuing arrangements. The concept of the existence of an actual ODESSA organisation has circulated widely in fictional Spy fiction, spy novels and movies, including Frederick Forsyth's best-selling 1972 thriller ''The Odessa File''. The escape-routes have become known as "Ratlines (World War II), ratlines". Known goals of elements within the ''SS'' included allowing ''SS'' members to escape to Argentina or to the Middle East under false passports. Although an unknown number of wanted Nazis and war criminals escaped Germany and often Europe, most experts deny that an organisation called ODESSA ever existed. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariupol
Mariupol is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is situated on the northern coast (Pryazovia) of the Sea of Azov, at the mouth of the Kalmius, Kalmius River. Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was the tenth-largest city in the country and the second-largest city in Donetsk Oblast, with an estimated population of 425,681 people in January 2022; as of August 2023, Ukrainian authorities estimate the population of Mariupol at approximately 120,000. Mariupol has been occupied by Russian forces since May 2022. Historically, the city of Mariupol was a centre for trade and manufacturing, and played a key role in the development of higher education and many businesses and also served as a coastal resort on the Sea of Azov. In 1948, Mariupol was renamed Zhdanov () after Andrei Zhdanov, a native of the city who had become a high-ranking official of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and a close ally to Joseph Stalin. The name was part of a larger effort to rename cities a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMP Development
The BMP series were among the first production line infantry fighting vehicles. Included in the series are the mainline BMPs, the airborne variant BMDs, and licensed modified (i.e. MLI-84) and reverse engineered versions (i.e. Boragh, Type 86). BMP stands for ''Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty'' – . They were initially developed in the 1960s in the Soviet Union. Background World War II began with the concepts of armored warfare relatively undeveloped, particularly the use of combined arms teams. Tank and infantry units were often organized as separate units, which led to problems of command and coordination. As the war progressed the doctrine of combined arms became better refined, and the need for specialist vehicles to keep the infantry in close contact with the armor became increasingly important. Most of these vehicles were half-tracks. There were expedient measures; the infantry of the Red Army often rode on the top of tanks. In 1944 the Canadians introduced the practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022 Kherson Counteroffensive
A military counteroffensive was launched by Ukraine on 29 August 2022 to expel Russian forces occupying the southern regions of Kherson and Mykolaiv oblasts. Military analysts consider the counteroffensive to be the third strategic phase of the war in Ukraine, along with the concurrent eastern counteroffensive, after the initial invasion and the battle of Donbas. After many strikes against Russian military targets, Ukraine announced the start of a full-scale counteroffensive on 29 August 2022. On 9 October, Ukraine said it recaptured 1,170 square kilometers of land. On 9 November, Russian troops were ordered to withdraw from Kherson, the only regional capital captured since the start of the invasion. Ukrainian forces liberated the city of Kherson two days later, on 11 November. Background Russian offensive During the 2022 southern Ukraine offensive, Russian troops invaded the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, and Mykolaiv Oblasts. In the early days of the war, Russian troops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mykolaiv Oblast
Mykolaiv Oblast (, ), also referred to as Mykolaivshchyna (, ), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Mykolaiv. At the most recent estimate, the population of the oblast stood at History Historically, at various times, the territory was ruled either entirely or partly by Scythia, ancient Greeks, Old Great Bulgaria, Khazars, Kipchaks, the Mongol Empire, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania, the Crimean Khanate, the Ottoman Empire, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Poland, and Russian Empire, Russia. Historic cities of greatest importance were ancient Pontic Olbia, Olbia and the late medieval port city of Ochakiv. In the late 17th and 18th centuries the tripoint of three List of modern great powers, early modern great powers, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire and Russia, was located at the site of Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast, Pervomaisk, the current second-largest city of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ATGM
An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank missile, anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles. ATGMs range in size from shoulder-launched weapons, which can be transported by a single soldier, to larger tripod-mounted weapons, which require a squad or team to transport and fire, to vehicle and aircraft mounted missile systems. Earlier man-portable anti-tank weapons, like anti-tank rifles and magnetic anti-tank mines, generally had very short range, sometimes on the order of metres or tens of metres. Rocket-propelled high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) systems appeared in World War II and extended range to the order of hundreds of metres, but accuracy was low and hitting targets at these ranges was largely a matter of luck. It was the combination of rocket propulsion and remote wire guidance that made the ATGM much more effective than these earlier weapons, and gave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hranitne, Volnovakha Raion
Hranitne (; ; ) is a village in Volnovakha Raion (district) in the Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine. The village is situated on the right (west) bank of the Kalmius river. The much smaller village of Staromarivka is just to the south, but on the other side of the river. There is a granite quarry just west of Hranitne. The Kalmius became the boundary between Donetsk People's Republic-controlled territory on the east bank of the river, and Ukrainian government-controlled territory on the west bank, after an offensive by the Russian-backed forces of the Donetsk People's Republic in August 2014 during the War in Donbass. The war has caused civilian and military casualties. On 26 February 2016 the spokesman of the Presidential Administration on issues related to ATO reported that a Ukrainian serviceman was killed in the village the previous day. Demographics The population consists mainly of Urums (Turkic-speaking Greeks), who migrated there from the Crimean peninsula Cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krasnohorivka
Krasnohorivka (, ; ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is situated west of Donetsk. As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, 2001 census, it had a population of 16,714. The city has been under Donetsk People's Republic, Russian occupation since September 2024. History The city was founded in the first half of the 19th century by migrants from the Ukrainian villages of Poltava Governorate and Kharkov Governorate. Starting mid-April 2014 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine, pro-Russian separatists 2014 insurgency in Donbass, captured several towns in Donetsk Oblast; including Krasnohorivka. On 1 August 2014, Ukrainian forces had captured the city from pro-Russian separatists. The city then became situated close to the frontline with the separatist-controlled Donetsk. It continued to come under separatist attack by Shell (projectile), shelling. June 2015 offensive On 3 June 2015, fresh violence returned to the city as pro-Russian rebels laun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hnutove
Hnutove (; ) is a village in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 23,2 km northeast from the centre of Mariupol. The village is situated on the left bank of the Kalmius river that became the boundary between Donetsk People's Republic-controlled territory on the east bank of the river, and Ukrainian government-controlled territory on the west bank, after an offensive by the pro-Russian forces of the Donetsk People's Republic in August 2014 during the war in Donbas The war in Donbas, or the Donbas war, was a phase of the Russo-Ukrainian War in the eastern Donbas region of Ukraine. The war Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014), began in April 2014, when Russian separatist forces in Ukraine, Russian para .... The village was the location of the 2017 documentary The Distant Barking of Dogs. The family documented in the film subsequently fled following the full-scale Russia's invasion. Since 2022 and as of 2024, Hnutove is under Russian occupation. Demographics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavlopil
Pavlopil (; ) is a village in Mariupol Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at about 25 km NW from Novoazovsk and about 25 km NE from Mariupol, on the left bank of the Kalmius river. The conflict between Ukraine and pro-Russian forces, that started in April 2014, brought along both civilian and military casualties. In May 2016, a male civilian was killed and another injured when a tractor they were driving on hit an unidentified explosive device. From 2015, Ukraine restored full control over the village. However, after the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the village was seized by Russian occupational forces in 2022. Kalmius Pavlopil.JPG, Kalmius Павлопіль 05.JPG, Павлопіль 03.JPG, Demographics Native language as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001: * Ukrainian – 72.60% * Russian – 26.28% * Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortification
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ("strong") and ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley Civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large cyclopean stone walls fitted without mortar had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae. A Greek ''Towns of ancient Greece#Military settlements, phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the ancient Roman, Roman castellum or fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugout (shelter)
A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pit-house or earth lodge, is a shelter for humans or domesticated animals and livestock based on a hole or depression dug into the ground. Dugouts can be fully recessed into the earth, with a flat roof covered by ground, or dug into a hillside. They can also be semi-recessed, with a constructed wood or sod roof standing out. These structures are one of the most ancient types of human housing known to archaeologists, and the same methods have evolved into modern " earth shelter" technology. Dugouts may also be temporary shelters constructed as an aid to specific activities, e.g., concealment and protection during warfare or shelter while hunting. Africa Tunisia First driven underground by enemies who invaded their country, the Berbers of Matmata found underground homes the best defense against summer heat. Asia and the Pacific Australia Burra in South Australia's Mid-North region was the site of the famous 'Monster Mine' (copper) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
