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18th Amendment To The Constitution Of Pakistan
The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں اٹھارہویں ترمیم) was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on April 8, 2010, removing the power of the President of Pakistan to dissolve the Parliament unilaterally, turning Pakistan from a semi-presidential to a parliamentary republic, and renaming North-West Frontier Province to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It also gave self-governing, legislative and financial autonomy to provincial authorities. The package was intended to counter the sweeping powers amassed by the presidency under former presidents General Pervez Musharraf and General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and to ease political instability in Pakistan.Pakistan Weighs Changes to Revise Constitution


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Urdu Language
Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India, Eighth Schedule language, the status and cultural heritage of which are recognised by the Constitution of India. Quote: "The Eighth Schedule recognizes India's national languages as including the major regional languages as well as others, such as Sanskrit and Urdu, which contribute to India's cultural heritage. ... The original list of fourteen languages in the Eighth Schedule at the time of the adoption of the Constitution in 1949 has now grown to twenty-two." Quote: "As Mahapatra says: "It is generally believed that the significance for the Eighth Schedule lies in providing a list of languages from which Hindi is directed to draw the appropriate forms, style and expressions for its enrichment" ... Being recognized in the Constitution, ...
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Zia Regime
Zia or ZIA (also spelled Ziya, Ḍiya, Dia or Diya) may refer to: People * Zia (name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name ** A romanization of the Wu ( Shanghainese) pronunciation of the Chinese surname Xie (謝) * Zia people (New Mexico) * Zia people (Papua New Guinea) ** The Zia language of Papua New Guinea ZIA acronym * Zamboanga International Airport, Philippines * Zhukovsky International Airport, Russia * Zia International Airport, Bangladesh, now Shahjalal International Airport * ZIA, a musical group founded by Elaine Walker Other uses * ''Zia'' (brachiopod), a genus of brachiopods * ''Zia'' (novel), by Scott O'Dell * Applebay Zia, motor glider * Zia, a small village on the Greek island of Kos * Zia clan of the Diné, or Navajo, people * Zia Record Exchange, a regional chain of record shop A record shop or record store is a retail outlet that sells Sound recording and reproduction, recorded music. Per the name, in the late ...
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Judicial Commission Of Pakistan
The Judicial Commission of Pakistan (abbr. JCP) is a national commission for appointment of the superior judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court, the Federal Shariat Court and the High Courts, of Pakistan. The Chief Justice of Pakistan is the chairman of the commission. On 20 April 2010, the 18th Constitutional Amendment was passed in the Parliament of Pakistan, which was later amended by the 19th Constitutional Amendment. In pursuance of the amendments, a judicial commission was proposed to be created to recommend the appointment of Judges of the superior courts in Pakistan. Through the 18th Amendment in 2010, Pakistan got two forums for appointment of judges to the superior judiciary: a Judicial Commission with representation from the judiciary, lawyers and the federal government, responsible for recommending names of respective judges; and a parliamentary committee to approve or reject these names but with assigning reasons if some name is rejected. The 18th amendment ...
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National Finance Commission Award
The National Finance Commission Award or NFC is a series of planned Economic reforms in Pakistan, economic programs in Pakistan enacted since 1951. Constituted under thArticle 160of the Constitution of Pakistan, Constitution, the program was emerged to take control of Fiscal imbalance, financial imbalances and equally managed the financial resources to Administrative units of Pakistan, four provinces to meet their expenditure liabilities while alleviating the Horizontal Fiscal Imbalance, horizontal fiscal imbalances. As per Constitution, the program awards the designs of financial formulas of economic distribution to provincial and Government of Pakistan, federal government for five consecutive years. All together, a total of seven awards has been Reimbursement, reimbursed since its emergence in 1951, by Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. Stipulations and directions mentioned by the Constitution, the Provincial Governments of Pakistan, provisional governme ...
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Council Of Common Interests
The Council of Common Interests (CCI) () is a constitutional body in the Government of Pakistan. It is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. The CCI resolves the disputes of power sharing between the federation and its provinces.The Council works under Ministry of Inter Provincial Coordination and is responsible to both houses of Parliament, the Senate of Pakistan and the National Assembly of Pakistan. History The Council of Common Interests was formed under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan. Until 2010 the body worked under Cabinet Division. After the passing of the 18th amendment the body was transferred to the Ministry of Inter Provincial Coordination on 4 March 2010. Membership After passage of the Eighteenth Constitutional Amendment in April 2010, it is mandatory for the Council to meet at least once in ninety days. Membership of the CCI consists of the following: See also * Ministry of Inter Provincial Coordination *Eighteenth Amendm ...
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North-West Frontier Province
The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP; ) was a province of British India from 1901 to 1947, of the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955, and of the Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Pakistan from 1970 to 2010. It was established on 9 November 1901 from the north-western districts of the Punjab Province (British India), British Punjab, during the British Raj. Following the 1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum, referendum in 1947 to join either Pakistan or India, the province voted hugely in favour of joining Dominion of Pakistan, Pakistan and it acceded accordingly on 14 August 1947. It was dissolved to form a unified province of West Pakistan in 1955 upon promulgation of One Unit Scheme and was reestablished in Legal Framework Order, 1970, 1970. It was known by this name until 19 April 2010, when it was dissolved and redesignated as the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa following the enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, Eighteenth Amendmen ...
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Provinces Of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan comprise four provinces, one federal territory, and two territorial dispute, disputed territories: the provinces of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan; the Islamabad Capital Territory; and the administrative territories of Azad Kashmir, Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, Gilgit–Baltistan. As part of the Kashmir conflict with neighbouring India, Pakistan has also claimed sovereignty over the Indian-controlled territories of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, First Kashmir War of 1947–1948. It also has a territorial dispute with India over Junagadh State, Junagadh, but has never exercised administrative authority over either regions. All of Pakistan's provinces and territories are subdivided into divisions of Pakistan, divisions, which are further subdivided into districts of Pakistan, districts, ...
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Coup D'état
A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. By one estimate, there were 457 coup attempts from 1950 to 2010, half of which were successful. Most coup attempts occurred in the mid-1960s, but there were also large numbers of coup attempts in the mid-1970s and the early 1990s. Coups occurring in the post-Cold War period have been more likely to result in democratic systems than Cold War coups, though coups still mostly perpetuate authoritarianism. Many factors may lead to the occurrence of a coup, as well as determine the success or failure of a coup. Once a coup is underway, coup success is driven by coup-makers' ability to get others to believe that the coup attempt will be successful. The number of successful cou ...
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Dictator
A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute Power (social and political), power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a polity. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in Justitium, times of emergency. Like the terms "''tyrant''" and "''Autocracy, autocrat''", ''dictator'' came to be used almost exclusively as a non-titular term for oppressive rule. In modern usage the term ''dictator'' is generally used to describe a leader who holds or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power. Dictatorships are often characterised by some of the following: suspension of elections and civil liberties; proclamation of a state of emergency; rule by decree; political repression, repression of political opponents; not abiding by the procedures of the rule of law; and the existence of a cult of personality centered on the leader. Dictatorships are often one-party state, one-party or dominant-party s ...
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Seventeenth Amendment To The Constitution Of Pakistan
The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں سترہویں ترمیم) was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan passed in December 2003, after over a year of political wrangling between supporters and opponents of Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf, who in 2024 was declared a traitor by the Supreme Court of Pakistan. This amendment made many changes to Pakistan's constitution. Many of these changes dealt with the office of the president and the reversal of the effects of the Thirteenth Amendment. Summarized here are brief descriptions of the major points. *President Musharraf's Legal Framework Order (LFO) was largely incorporated into the constitution, with a few changes. *Article 63(1)(d) of the Constitution to become operative after December 31, 2004. The intent of this was to prohibit a person from holding both a political office (such as that of the president) and an "office of profit" - an office that is typ ...
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Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf (11 August 1943 – 5 February 2023) was a Pakistani general and politician who served as the tenth president of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008. Prior to his career in politics, he was a four-star general and appointed as the chief of Army Staff and, later, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by prime minister Nawaz Sharif in 1998. He was the leading war strategist in the Kargil infiltration that brought India and Pakistan to the brink of war in 1999. When prime minister Sharif unsuccessfully attempted to dismiss general Musharraf from his command assignments, the Army GHQ took over the control of the civilian government, which allowed him to control the military and the civilian government. In 2001, Musharraf seized the presidency through a legality and a referendum but was constitutionally confirmed in this capacity in 2004. With a new amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, his presidency sponsored the premierships of Zafarullah Jama ...
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Thirteenth Amendment To The Constitution Of Pakistan
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں تیرہویں ترمیم) was a short-lived amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, adopted by the Parliament of Pakistan in 1997 by the civilian government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. It stripped the President of Pakistan of his reserve power to dissolve the National Assembly, and thereby triggering new elections and dismissing the Prime Minister. The Constitutional Amendment was supported by both the government and the opposition, and was thus passed unanimously. With the enforcing of this amendment, Pakistan's system of government was shifted from Semi-presidential system to Parliamentary democratic republic system. The amendment removed Article 58(2)(b) of the Constitution, which gave the President the power to: In Pakistan, once legislators are elected to national or provincial assemblies, the people cannot recall them before the end of their five-year terms. In the past ...
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