|
1896 Ottoman Bank Takeover
The occupation of the Ottoman Bank (, "Raid on the Ottoman Bank"; , ''Bank Otomani k'ravumĕ'' "Ottoman Bank takeover") by members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnak Party) took place in Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire on 26 August 1896. In an effort to raise further awareness and action by the major European powers, 28 armed men and women led primarily by Papken Siuni and Armen Garo took over the bank which largely employed European personnel from Great Britain and France. Stirred largely due to the inaction of the European powers in regard to Hamidian massacres started by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation members saw its seizure as a means to bring full attention to their plight. At the time, the Ottoman Bank served as an important financial center for both the Empire and the countries of Europe. Armed with pistols, grenades, dynamite and hand-held bombs, the seizure of the bank lasted for 14 hours, resulting in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Bank
The Ottoman Bank (), known from 1863 to 1925 as the Imperial Ottoman Bank (, ) and correspondingly referred to by its French acronym BIO, was a bank that played a major role in the financial history of the Ottoman Empire. By the early 20th century, it was the dominant bank in the Ottoman Empire, and one of the largest in the world. It was founded in 1856 as a British institution chartered in London, and reorganized in 1863 as a French–British venture with head office in Constantinople, on a principle of strict equality between British and French stakeholders. It soon became dominated by French interests, however, primarily because of the greater success of its offerings among French savers than British ones. In its early years, the BIO was principally a lender to the Ottoman government with a monopoly on banknote issuance and other public-interest roles, including all treasury operations of the Ottoman state under an agreement ratified in February 1875 that was however never f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Armenian Genocide And The Question Of Turkish Responsibility
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tünel
The Tünel (, designated as the F2 line on the Istanbul transport map) is a historic, underground, rubber-tyred funicular line in Istanbul, Turkey. It has two stations, connecting Karaköy and Beyoğlu. The tunnel runs uphill from near the confluence of the Golden Horn with the Bosphorus and is about long. It was inaugurated on 17 January 1875. History In the second half of the 19th century the neighbourhoods of Pera (modern day Beyoğlu) and Galata (modern day Karaköy) had become the financial and commercial heart of Constantinople (modern day Istanbul) and the Ottoman Empire. Many Ottoman and foreign companies, mostly banks and insurance companies, set up their headquarters in these two neighbourhoods. Foreign embassies, hotels and commercial markets in Pera were located at the top of a steep hill while the stock exchange, banks and ports in Galata were at the bottom. Travelling between these two districts was challenging, since grades were as steep as 24%. The main street ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taksim Square
Taksim Square (, ), situated in Beyoğlu in the European part of Istanbul, Turkey, is a major tourist and leisure district famed for its restaurants, shops, and hotels. It is considered the heart of modern Istanbul, with the central station of the Istanbul Metro network. Taksim Square is also the location of the Republic Monument () which was crafted by Pietro Canonica and inaugurated in 1928. The monument commemorates the 5th anniversary of the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence. The square is flanked to the south by The Marmara Hotel, to the east by the Atatürk Cultural Centre, to the north by Gezi Park and to the west by Taksim Mosque. Several major roads converge on the square: Gümüşsuyu Caddesi, Cumhuriyet Caddesi, Tarlabaşı Bulvarı, İstiklal Caddesi and Sıraselviler Caddesi. History The word Taksim means "division" or "distribution" in Arabic. Taksim Square was originally the point where the main water lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pera (Beyoğlu)
Pera may refer to: Places * Pera (Beyoğlu), a district in Istanbul formerly called Pera, now called Beyoğlu ** Galata, a neighbourhood of Beyoğlu, often referred to as Pera in the past * Pêra (Caparica), a Portuguese locality in the district of Setúbal * Pera (San Giovanni di Fassa), an Italian hamlet in the municipality of San Giovanni di Fassa, in Trentino * Pêra (Silves), a Portuguese parish in the district of Faro in the Algarve * Pera Orinis, a village in Cyprus Other uses * Pera (surname) * The ''Voyage of the Pera and Arnhem to Australia in 1623, Pera'', a ship of the Dutch East India Company * Peda or Pera, a dessert of the Indian subcontinent * Pera (plant), ''Pera'' (plant), a plant genus in the family Peraceae * Public Employees Retirement Association, the name of several public employee pension plans in the United States * Peripheral ERA, a baseball statistic * Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture * ''perA'', a mycotoxin biosynthesis gene {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galata
Galata is the former name of the Karaköy neighbourhood in Istanbul, which is located at the northern shore of the Golden Horn. The district is connected to the historic Fatih district by several bridges that cross the Golden Horn, most notably the Galata Bridge. The medieval citadel of Galata was a colony of the Republic of Genoa between 1273 and 1453. The famous Galata Tower was built by the Genoese in 1348 at the northernmost and highest point of the citadel. Galata is now a quarter within the district of Beyoğlu in Istanbul. Etymology There are several theories concerning the origin of the name ''Galata''. The Greeks believe that the name comes either from ''Galatai'' (meaning "Gauls"), as the Celtic tribe of Gauls ( Galatians) were thought to have camped here during the Hellenistic period before settling into Galatia in central Anatolia; or from ''galatas'' (meaning " milkman"), as the area was used by shepherds for grazing in the Early Medieval (Byzantine) pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topkapı Palace
The Topkapı Palace (; ), or the Seraglio, is a large museum and library in the east of the Fatih List of districts of Istanbul, district of Istanbul in Turkey. From the 1460s to the completion of Dolmabahçe Palace in 1856, it served as the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire, and was the main residence of its sultans. Construction, ordered by the Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, began in 1459, six years after the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople. Topkapı was originally called the "New Palace" ( or ) to distinguish it from the Eski Saray, Old Palace ( or ) in Beyazıt Square. It was given the name , meaning Cannon Gate, in the 19th century. The complex expanded over the centuries, with major renovations after the 1509 Constantinople earthquake, 1509 earthquake and the 1665 fire. The palace complex consists of four main courtyards and many smaller buildings. Female members of the Sultan's family lived in the harem, and leading state officials, including th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden Horn
The Golden Horn ( or ) is a major urban waterway and the primary inlet of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey. As a natural estuary that connects with the Bosphorus Strait at the point where the strait meets the Sea of Marmara, the waters of the Golden Horn help define the northern boundary of the peninsula constituting "Old Istanbul" (ancient Byzantium and Constantinople), the tip of which is the promontory of Sarayburnu, or Seraglio Point. This estuarial inlet geographically separates the historic center of Istanbul from the rest of the city, and forms a Horn (anatomy), horn shape, sheltered harbor that in the course of history has protected Greeks, Greek, Ancient Rome, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman and other maritime trade ships for thousandsBBC: "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed"< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galata Bridge
The Galata Bridge (, ) is a bridge that spans the Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turkey. From the end of the 19th century in particular, the bridge has featured in Turkish literature, theater, poetry and novels. The current Galata Bridge is just the latest in a series of bridges linking Eminönü in the Fatih district and Karaköy in Beyoğlu since the early 19th century. The current bridge, the fifth on the same site, was built in 1994. The bridge was named after Galata (the former name for Karaköy) on the northern shore of the Golden Horn. History The first recorded bridge over the Golden Horn was built during the reign of Justinian I, Justinian the Great in the 6th century, close to the area near the Walls of Constantinople, Theodosian Land Walls at the western end of the city. In 1453, before the Fall of Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire, Turks assembled a mobile bridge by placing their ships side-by-side across the water, so that their troops could move from one side of the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haig Tiriakian
Haig (Hrach) Tiriakian (1871–1915) was an Ottoman Armenian politician and a member of the Armenian National Assembly. Tiriakian played an important role during the Ottoman Bank takeover in 1896. A member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Tiriakian lead an active life in Armenian politic affairs. He was killed during the Armenian genocide in 1915. Life Of Armenian descent, Haig (Hrach) Tiriakian was born in Trabzon, Ottoman Empire in 1871. In 1893, Tiriakian then went to Nancy, France where he studied agriculture until 1896. During his time in Europe, Tiriakian joined the Armenian Revolutionary Federation where his first assignment was assigned the planning of the Ottoman Bank takeover. The takeover was planned in order to raise further awareness and action by the major European powers. The bank was largely employed European personnel from Great Britain and France. Stirred by the inaction of the European powers in regards to Hamidian massacres, the Armenian Revolut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nom De Guerre
A ''nom de guerre'' (, 'war name') is a pseudonym chosen by someone to use when they are involved in a particular activity, especially fighting in a war. In Ancien régime, ''ancien régime'' Kingdom of France, France it would be adopted by each new recruit (or assigned to them by the captain of their company) as they enlisted in the French army. These pseudonyms had an official character and were the predecessor of Dog tag, identification numbers: soldiers were identified by their first names, their family names, and their ''noms de guerre'' (e. g. ''Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité''). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e. g. ''Jean Deslandes dit Champigny'', for a soldier coming from a town named Champigny-sous-Varennes, Champigny), or to a particular physical or personal trait (e. g. ''Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire'', for a soldier ''prêt à boire'', ready to drink). In 1716, a ''nom de guerre'' was mandatory for every soldier; officers did n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
