|
1723 In Science
The year 1723 in science and technology involved some significant events. Geophysics * George Graham discovers diurnal variation in Earth's magnetic field. * Antoine de Jussieu publishes ''De l'Origine et des usages de la Pierre de Foudre'' on the origins of fossils, prehistoric stone tools and meteorites. Optics * Giacomo F. Maraldi makes the first observation of the Arago spot, unrecognized at this time. Births * January 5 – Nicole-Reine Lepaute, French astronomer (died 1788) * January 31 – Petronella Johanna de Timmerman, Dutch scientist (died 1786) * February 17 – Tobias Mayer, German cartographer, astronomer and physicist (died 1762) * April 30 – Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French zoologist (died 1806) * November 12 – Saverio Manetti, Italian natural historian (died 1785) Deaths * August 26 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch pioneer of the microscope (born 1632 Events January–March * January 8 – University of Amsterdam is established at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
 |
Cartographer
Cartography (; from , 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and , 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: * Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries. * Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections. * Eliminate the mapped object's characteristics that are irrelevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of Cartographic generalization, generalization. * Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generalization. * Orchestrate the elements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
1723 In Science
The year 1723 in science and technology involved some significant events. Geophysics * George Graham discovers diurnal variation in Earth's magnetic field. * Antoine de Jussieu publishes ''De l'Origine et des usages de la Pierre de Foudre'' on the origins of fossils, prehistoric stone tools and meteorites. Optics * Giacomo F. Maraldi makes the first observation of the Arago spot, unrecognized at this time. Births * January 5 – Nicole-Reine Lepaute, French astronomer (died 1788) * January 31 – Petronella Johanna de Timmerman, Dutch scientist (died 1786) * February 17 – Tobias Mayer, German cartographer, astronomer and physicist (died 1762) * April 30 – Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French zoologist (died 1806) * November 12 – Saverio Manetti, Italian natural historian (died 1785) Deaths * August 26 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch pioneer of the microscope (born 1632 Events January–March * January 8 – University of Amsterdam is established at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
 |
1632 In Science
The year 1632 in science and technology involved some significant events. Events * The University of Tartu in Swedish Livonia is founded. Astronomy * February 22 – Galileo Galilei, Galileo's ''Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'' (''Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo''), comparing the Nicolaus Copernicus, Copernican system with the traditional Ptolemy, Ptolemaic view, is published in Florence and delivered to his patron, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. * August 9 – Leiden University in the Dutch Republic resolves to erect the world's first official Leiden Observatory, observatory. Earth sciences * Martine Bertereau, Baroness de Beausoleil, publishes ''Véritable déclaration de la découverte des mines et minières''. Births * October 24 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Netherlands, Dutch pioneer of microscopy (died 1723 in science, 1723) * Henry Compton (bishop), Henry Compton, English bishop and botanist (died 1713 in science, 1713) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
 |
Microscope
A microscope () is a laboratory equipment, laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the science of investigating small objects and structures using a microscope. Microscopic means being invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. There are many types of microscopes, and they may be grouped in different ways. One way is to describe the method an instrument uses to interact with a sample and produce images, either by sending a beam of light or electrons through a sample in its optical path, by detecting fluorescence, photon emissions from a sample, or by scanning across and a short distance from the surface of a sample using a probe. The most common microscope (and the first to be invented) is the optical microscope, which uses lenses to refract visible light that passed through a microtome, thinly sectioned sample to produce an observable image. Other major types of microscopes are the fluorescence micro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of Provinces of the Netherlands, twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium. The official language is Dutch language, Dutch, with West Frisian language, West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English_language, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean Netherlands, Caribbean territories. The people who are from the Netherlands is often referred to as Dutch people, Dutch Ethnicity, Ethnicity group, not to be confused by the language. ''Netherlands'' literally means "lower countries" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
 |
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek ( ; ; 24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch art, science and technology. A largely self-taught man in science, he is commonly known as " the Father of Microbiology", and one of the first microscopists and microbiologists. Van Leeuwenhoek is best known for his pioneering work in microscopy and for his contributions toward the establishment of microbiology as a scientific discipline. Raised in Delft, Dutch Republic, Van Leeuwenhoek worked as a draper in his youth and founded his own shop in 1654. He became well-recognized in municipal politics and developed an interest in lensmaking. In the 1670s, he started to explore microbial life with his microscope. Using single-lensed microscopes of his own design and make, Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe and to experiment with microbes, which he originally referred to as , or . He was the first to relatively determine t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
1785 In Science
The year 1785 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Dunsink Observatory established near Dublin. Aviation * January 7 – France, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and United States, American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England to Calais, France in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air. * January 19 – Richard Crosbie successfully flies in a hot air balloon across Dublin, the first ascent in Ireland. Biology * Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, Antoine François and Étienne Louis Geoffroy publish ''Entomologia Parisiensis, sive, Catalogus insectorum quae in agro Parisiensi reperiuntur ...''. * John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, publishes ''Botanical Tables, containing the different families of British plants''. Earth sciences * March 7–July – James Hutton's ''Theory of the Earth'' is first presented, at the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Exploration * André Michaux is sent by the French government to N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
 |
Saverio Manetti
Francesco Saverio Manetti also spelt Xaviero or Xaverio Manetti (Latinized as Franciscus Xaverius Manetti civis Florentinus) (12 November 1723 – 12 November 1785) was an Italian physician, botanist and ornithologist. Among his works is the treatise on birds, ''Ornithologia methodice digesta'' or ''Storia naturale degli uccelli'' (1776). The plant genus ''Manettia'' was named in his honour by Carl Linnaeus. Manetti was born in Brozzi to Giovanni Bernardo and Maria Teresa Nesiscolt of Prague. His early studies were in Florence and later at Pisa where he studied botany under Pier Antonio Micheli. He graduated in medicine in 1745 and worked in Florence. In 1758 he joined the National Medical College where he studied anatomy under Antonio Cocchi (1695–1758), conducting the autopsy of Cocchi. Manetti was Professor of Botany of the "Società Botanica Fiorentina", a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, a Fellow of the Royal Society, learned societies in Göttingen and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
1806 In Science
The year 1806 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biology * July 3 – Michael Keens of Isleworth, England, selects the Keens Imperial cultivar of strawberry from many hybrids, which becomes a popular commercial breed in this century. * Publication begins in London of the ''Flora Graeca'' collected by John Sibthorp. * Pierre André Latreille begins publication in France of . Chemistry * November 20 – Humphry Davy presents the results of his researches in the electrolysis of water to the Royal Society of London. * Louis Nicolas Vauquelin and Pierre Jean Robiquet isolate asparagine in crystalline form from asparagus juice in France, the first amino acid identified. Exploration * August – English people, English Seal hunting, seal hunter Abraham Bristow discovers the Auckland Islands. Mathematics * Jean-Robert Argand introduces the Argand diagram. * Adrien-Marie Legendre gives the first published application of the method of least square ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
 |
Zoologist
Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. Zoology is one of the primary branches of biology. The term is derived from Ancient Greek , ('animal'), and , ('knowledge', 'study'). Although humans have always been interested in the natural history of the animals they saw around them, and used this knowledge to domesticate certain species, the formal study of zoology can be said to have originated with Aristotle. He viewed animals as living organisms, studied their structure and development, and considered their adaptations to their surroundings and the function of their parts. Modern zoology has its origins during the Renaissance and early modern period, with Carl Linnaeus, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel and many others. The study of animals has largely mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
|
Mathurin Jacques Brisson
Mathurin Jacques Brisson (; 30 April 1723 – 23 June 1806) was a French zoologist and natural philosophy, natural philosopher. Brisson was born on 30 April 1723 at Fontenay-le-Comte in the Vendée department of western France. Note that page 141 is before page 140. His parents wished him to take ecclesiastic orders, but in 1747, he abandoned his studies, and from 1749, was employed by the wealthy French naturalist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur as the curator of a large private collection of objects related to natural history that de Réaumur kept at his ancestral home at Réaumur, Vendée, Réaumur in the Vendée. Originally published by F. W. Peters in 1951 as ''Die Entwicklung Der Ornithologie von Aristoteles bis zur Gegenwart''. Brisson became interested in the classification of animals and was influenced by the works of Carl Linnaeus and Jacob Theodor Klein. His book ''Le Règne animal'' was published in 1756, and the highly regarded six-volume work ''Ornithologie'' wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |