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1525 In Science
The year 1525 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Events * Albrecht Dürer's book on geometry and perspective, ''The Painter's Manual'' (more literally, the ''Instructions on Measurement'') is published at Nuremberg. It is the first book for adults to be published on mathematics in German. * First publication of Galen's ''Of the method of curing diseases'' in the original Greek, by the Aldine Press in Venice. * First publication of the collected works of Hippocrates translated into Latin, in Rome. * Christoff Rudolff's introduces the modern radical symbol (for square root), √ (without the vinculum above the radicand). * Publication of Richard Banckes' ''Herball'', the first true herbal printed in Britain. * First woodcut map of France, produced by Oronce Finé. * ''approx. date'' – Paracelsus discovers the analgesic properties of diethyl ether. Births * September 25 – Steven Borough, English explorer (died 1584) * December 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodcut
Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas that the artist cuts away carry no ink, while characters or images at surface level carry the ink to produce the print. The block is cut along the wood grain (unlike wood engraving, where the block is cut in the end-grain). The surface is covered with ink by rolling over the surface with an ink-covered roller ( brayer), leaving ink upon the flat surface but not in the non-printing areas. Multiple colours can be printed by keying the paper to a frame around the woodblocks (using a different block for each colour). The art of carving the woodcut can be called ''xylography'', but this is rarely used in English for images alone, although that term and ''xylographic'' are used in connection with block books, which are small books containing text ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Staden
Hans Staden (c. 1525 – c. 1576) was a German people, German soldier and explorer who voyaged to South America in the middle of the sixteenth century, where he was captured by the Tupinambá people of Colonial Brazil, Brazil. He managed to survive and return safe to Europe. In his widely read ''True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil'', he claimed that the native people that held him captive practiced Human cannibalism, cannibalism. Trips to South America Staden was born in Homberg (Efze), Homberg in the Landgraviate of Hesse. He had received a good education and was in moderate circumstances when desire for travel led him to enlist in 1547 on a ship that was bound for Colonial Brazil, Brazil. He returned from this first trip on 8 October 1548, and, going to Seville, enlisted for a second trip as a volunteer in an expedition for Río de la Plata which sailed in March 1549. On reaching the mouth of the river, two ships sank in a storm. After vainly trying to build ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1600 In Science
The year 1600 CE in science and technology included some significant events. Astronomy * January 1 – Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Year's Day. * February 4 – Johannes Kepler joins Tycho Brahe as his assistant at the castle of Benátky, near Prague. * February 17 – Giordano Bruno is burned at the stake for heresy in Rome. * July – Danish astronomer Longomontanus arrives in Prague, where he works with the Moon orbital theory; he brings the rest of Tycho's astronomical instruments with him. Biology * University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden established. * Olivier de Serres publishes ''Le Théâtre d'Agriculture'' in France. * First recorded use of the word ''Naturalist'' in its modern English sense, in Christopher Sutton's ''Disce Mori''. Earth sciences * February 19 – The Peruvian volcano Huaynaputina erupts catastrophically. This is the largest known volcanic explosion in South America and triggers severe global climatic events including the Russian fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers observe astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers typically fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as Specialty (medicine), specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practitioner, general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the Discipline (academia), academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, underlying diseases, and their treatment, which is the science of medicine, and a decent Competence (human resources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czechs
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia, ancestry, Czech culture, culture, History of the Czech lands, history, and the Czech language. Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English language, English until the early 20th century, referring to the former name of their country, Bohemia, which in turn was adapted from the late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii. During the Migration Period, West Slavic Bohemians (tribe), tribes settled in the area, "assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations", and formed a principality in the 9th century, which was initially part of Great Moravia, in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia, the predecessors of the modern republic. The Czech diaspora is found in notable numbers in the Czech American, United States, Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadeáš Hájek
Tadeáš Hájek of Hájek (, ; 1 December 1525 – 1 September 1600), also known by Latinized names Thaddaeus Hagecius ab Hayek and Thaddeus Nemicus, was a naturalist and astronomer from Bohemia. He was a personal physician of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II and an astronomer in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Biography Tadeáš Hájek was born on 1 December 1525 in Prague. He was the son of Šimon Hájek (–1551) from an old Prague family. He was ennobled in 1554 by Ferdinand I of Germany, knighted in 1571 by Maximilian II, later made knight of the Holy Roman Empire by Rudolf II. He had three wives, three sons, and one daughter. In 1548–1549, he studied medicine and astronomy in Vienna and graduated in 1550, receiving his Masters "''in artibus''" in 1551. In 1554 he studied medicine in Bologna and went to Milan the same year to listen to lectures by Girolamo Cardano, but he soon returned to Prague, where he became a professor of mathematics at the Charles University of Prague in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1584 In Science
The year 1584 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * Completion of Tycho Brahe's subterranean observatory at Stjerneborg. * Giordano Bruno, in England, publishes hisItalian Dialogues, including the cosmological tracts ''La Cena de le Ceneri'' ("The Ash Wednesday Supper"), ''De la Causa, Principio et Uno'' ("On Cause, Principle and Unity") and ''De l'Infinito Universo et Mondi'' ("On the Infinite Universe and Worlds"). Cartography * Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer publishes the first atlas of nautical charts, ''Spieghel der zeevaerdt'' (''Mariner's Mirror''). * The Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci, in Zhaoqing, produces the first Chinese world map, on wood, ''Yudi Shanhai Quantu'' (舆地山海全图). * Abraham Ortelius publishes ''Itinerarium per nonnullas Galliæ Belgicæ partes'' in Antwerp. Exploration * June 4 – Walter Ralegh sends Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the Outer Banks of Virginia (now North Carolina), wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Explorer
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some Expectation (epistemic), expectation of Discovery (observation), discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed Animal locomotion, locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group. Types Geographical Geographical exploration, sometimes considered the default meaning for the more general term exploration, is the practice of discovering lands and regions of the planet Earth remote or relatively inaccessible from the origin of the explorer. The surface of the Earth not covered by water has been relatively comprehensively explored, as access is generally relatively straightforward, but underwater and subterranean areas are far less known, and even at the surface, much is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steven Borough
Steven Borough (25 September 1525 – 12 July 1584) was an English navigator and an early Arctic explorer. He was master of the first English ship to reach the White Sea in 1553 and open trade with Russia on behalf of the Muscovy Company. He became an expert on piloting in Arctic waters and was one of the earliest English practitioners of the new scientific methods of navigation.Mayers 2005 He was widely sought out for his knowledge by English and Spanish mariners. Life Borough was born on 25 September 1525 at Northam, north Devon, the son of Walter and Mary (Dough) Borough. After some basic education at the local parish school, he was apprenticed to his uncle, John Borough, an accomplished mariner who sailed regularly to Sicily, Crete, and the Levant. In addition to learning navigational and pilotage skills from his uncle, Borough gained some ability with Spanish and Portuguese languages.Baldwin 2004 With some help from his uncle's connections in London, Borough was selected t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diethyl Ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound with the chemical formula , sometimes abbreviated as . It is a colourless, highly Volatility (chemistry), volatile, sweet-smelling ("ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It belongs to the ether class of organic compounds. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic. Production Most diethyl ether is produced as a byproduct of the vapor-phase Hydration reaction, hydration of ethylene to make ethanol. This process uses solid-supported phosphoric acid Catalysis, catalysts and can be adjusted to make more ether if the need arises: Vapor-phase Dehydration reaction, dehydration of ethanol over some Aluminium oxide, alumina catalysts can give diethyl ether yields of up to 95%. : Diethyl ether can be prepared both in laboratories and on an industrial scale by the acid ether synthesis. Uses The dominant use of diethyl ether is as a solvent. One particular application is in the production of cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
