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1254 Papal Election
The 1254 papal election (11–12 December) took place following the death of Pope Innocent IV and ended with the choice of Raynaldus de' Conti, who took the name Pope Alexander IV. The election was held in Naples, in the former palazzo of Pietro della Vigna, and required only one day. Innocent IV (Fieschi), who was elected on 25 June 1243, after a vacancy that had lasted more than nineteen months, undertook as his most important task the destruction of Frederick II, who had been excommunicated by his predecessor Gregory IX (Ugo dei Conti di Segni) on 20 March 1239, and by numerous other cardinals and bishops. He was compelled to flee from Rome on 7 June 1244; he reached Genoa on 7 July, suffering from a fever and dysentery. There he remained until October, 1244, when he crossed the Alps, reaching Lyons at the end of November. There he remained, living in exile, until the middle of April 1251. He held a church council at Lyons in 1245, with some 150 bishops, a disappointing number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naples
Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of Naples, province-level municipality is the third most populous Metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city in Italy with a population of 2,958,410 residents, and the List of urban areas in the European Union, eighth most populous in the European Union. Naples metropolitan area, Its metropolitan area stretches beyond the boundaries of the city wall for approximately . Naples also plays a key role in international diplomacy, since it is home to NATO's Allied Joint Force Command Naples and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean. Founded by Greeks in the 1st millennium BC, first millennium BC, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world. In the eighth century BC, a colony known as Parthenope () was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurisy
Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (Pulmonary pleurae, pleurae). This can result in a sharp chest pain while breathing. Occasionally the pain may be a constant dull ache. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, fever, or weight loss, depending on the underlying cause. Pleurisy can be caused by a variety of conditions, including viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, and pulmonary embolism. The most common cause is a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infection, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, autoimmune disorders, lung cancer, following heart surgery, pancreatitis and asbestosis. Occasionally the cause remains unknown. The underlying mechanism involves the rubbing together of the pleurae instead of smooth gliding. Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include pericarditis, myocardial infarction, heart attack, cholecystitis, pulmonary embolism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Adrian V
Pope Adrian V (; – 18 August 1276), born Ottobuono de' Fieschi, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 July 1276 to his death on 18 August 1276. He was an envoy of Pope Clement IV sent to England in May 1265 who successfully completed his task of resolving disputes between King Henry III of England and his barons. Adrian V was elected pope following the death of Innocent V, but died of natural illness before being ordained to the priesthood. In the ''Divine Comedy'', Dante meets Adrian V in the fifth terrace of ''Purgatorio'' where Adrian V cleanses for the vice of avarice. Biography Ottobuono belonged to a feudal family of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna. His first clerical position came in 1243, when he was created a papal chaplain. Subsequently, he received several ecclesiastical benefices, becoming archdeacon in Bologna (1244) and Parma (1244/48–1255), canon and chancellor of the cathedral chapter in Reims (1243–125 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guglielmo Fieschi
Guglielmo Fieschi was an Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Innocent IV, his uncle, who elevated him on May 28, 1244. He was born between 1210 and 1220 in Genoa, but nothing is known about his life before his elevation to the cardinalate. As cardinal, he received the title of deacon of Sant'Eustachio. He subscribed with this title the papal bulls issued between September 27, 1244, and August 28, 1255. He accompanied his uncle the pope in his escape from Rome in 1244 and went with him to Genoa, and then to France. He participated in the First Council of Lyon in 1245. He served as papal legate in various parts of Italy from 1252–54. He was one of the cardinal electors in the papal election, 1254. He acted also as protector of the orders of the Servites (1251) and the Humiliati The Humiliati (Italian ) were an Italian religious order of men formed probably in the 12th century. It was suppressed by a papal bull in 1571 though an associated order of women continued into th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Nicholas III
Pope Nicholas III (; Wiktionary:circa, c. 1225 – 22 August 1280), born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 November 1277 to his death on 22 August 1280. He was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight popes, been made Cardinal-Deacon of ''San Nicola in Carcere, St. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano'' by Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254), protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV (1254–1261), Grand Inquisitor, inquisitor-general by Pope Urban IV (1261–64), and succeeded Pope John XXI (1276–1277) after a six-month vacancy in the Holy See resolved in the Papal election, 1277, papal election of 1277, largely through family influence. Personal life Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was born in Rome, a member of the prominent Orsini family of Italy, the eldest son of Roman nobleman Matteo Rosso Orsini by his first wife, Perna Caetani. His father was Lord of Vicovaro, Licenza, Cantalupo in Sabina, Cantalupo, Roccagiovine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottaviano Degli Ubaldini
Ottaviano or Attaviano degli Ubaldini (1214 – 1273) was an Italian cardinal, often known in his own time as simply ''Il Cardinale'' (''The Cardinal''). Life Born at Florence into a noble local Ghibelline family, he was appointed Archbishop of Bologna in 1240, but the appointment was not confirmed since he was considered too young. On 28 May 1244, he was made a cardinal by Pope Innocent IV, with the titulus of Santa Maria in Via Lata. He exerted a major role within the Roman Curia, as it was important in his action against Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in favour of the Guelphs and Ghibellines, Guelph cause. As bishop of Bologna, he commanded the Guelph army of the Bolognese and their allies against the Ghibelline cities of lower Lombardy, roughly corresponding to present day Emilia-Romagna. After Frederick's Battle of Parma, defeat at Parma on 18 February 1248, Ottaviano was ordered by Pope Innocent IV to recapture the papal possessions in the Po valley. This mission proved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riccardo Annibaldi
Riccardo Annibaldi (1200 – October 4, 1276) was an Italian cardinal. A nephew of Pope Innocent III, he was also related to Popes Gregory IX and Alexander IV. Pope Gregory IX appointed him cardinal deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria probably in 1238, as the first bull signed by him is dated June 25, 1238. From 1239 to 1249 he was a rector (governor) of the province of Campagna e Marittima. In year 1243 he was appointed the first protector of the Augustinian order Augustinians are members of several religious orders that follow the Rule of Saint Augustine, written about 400 A.D. by Augustine of Hippo. There are two distinct types of Augustinians in Catholic religious orders dating back to the 12th–13th ...; he held this position until his death in 1276. References Bibliography * * 1276 deaths 1200 births 13th-century Italian cardinals {{Italy-RC-cardinal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Honorius III
Pope Honorius III (c. 1150 – 18 March 1227), born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death. A canon at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, he came to hold a number of important administrative positions, including that of Camerlengo. In 1197, he became tutor to the young Frederick II. As pope, he worked to promote the Fifth Crusade, which had been planned under his predecessor, Innocent III. Honorius repeatedly exhorted King Andrew II of Hungary and Emperor Frederick II to fulfill their vows to participate. He also gave approval to the recently formed Dominican and Franciscan religious orders. Early work He was born in Rome as a son of Aimerico, a member of the Roman Savelli family. For a time canon at the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, he later became Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church on December 5, 1189 and Cardinal Deacon of Santa Lucia in Silice on 20 February 1193. Under Pope Clement III and P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gil Torres (cardinal)
Gil Torres (died 11 November 1254) was a Leonese cleric and the cardinal-deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano from 1216 until his death. Gil was a native of Zamora. Nothing is known of his life before 1206, when he is recorded among the canons of the cathedral of Burgos. In 1209, he is recorded with the title '' magister'', implying a formal education. In 1210, he was named archdeacon of Burgos and was sent to the Roman ''curia'' as representative of the cathedral chapter. He was still there during the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.Peter Linehan"Gil Torres" '' Diccionario biográfico español'' (Real Academia de la Historia, 2018). Gil was named to the college of cardinals with the '' titulus'' of Santi Cosma e Damiano by Pope Honorius III in December 1216. He was almost certainly recommended to the pope by Cardinal Pelayo Gaitán and Bishop Melendo of Osma, two fellow Leonese well respected in Rome. Thereafter until his death, Gil remained with the Roman ''curia''. His influence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh Of Saint-Cher
Hugh of Saint-Cher, O.P. (; c. 1200 – 19 March 1263) was a French Dominican friar who became a cardinal and noted biblical commentator. Life Hugh was born at Saint-Cher, a suburb of Vienne, Dauphiné, around the beginning of the 13th century. After completing his early studies at a local monastery near his home, at about the age of fourteen, he went to the University of Paris to study philosophy, theology, and jurisprudence, which latter subject he later taught in the same city.Gigot, Francis. "Hugh of St-Cher." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 2 June 2018 In 1225, he entered the Dominican priory there and took the |
John Of Toledo
John of Toledo (died 1275) was an English Cistercian and Cardinal. Little is known about John before 1244: He was born in England, had studied medicine in Toledo and acquired theological skills at an unknown place. He became a Cistercian monk in the French abbey of Clairvaux and together with other clerics while on the way to a synod in Rome, he was captured by the troops of Emperor Frederick II in 1241 and was his prisoner for about two years, together with another Cistercian, the cardinal bishop of Palestrina, Giacomo da Pecorara.Cf. Björn Gebert, Außerordentlich: Johann von Toledo OCist und seine Kontakte zu Kartäusern und anderen Ordensleuten. Ein Beitrag zur Beziehung zwischen Kartäuserorden und Kurie im 13. Jahrhundert, in: Hermann Josef Roth (ed.), Die Kartäuser im Blickpunkt der Wissenschaften. 35 Jahre internationale Treffen 23.-25. Mai 2014 in der ehemaligen Kölner Kartause (Analecta Cartusiana 310), Salzburg 2015, pp. 113-122, here 115f; Andreas Fischer, Kardinäl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Palestrina
The Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina () is a Latin suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy. The current bishop of Palestrina is Mauro Parmeggiani, who was appointed by Pope Francis on 19 February 2019. Prior to his appointment, he had served as Apostolic Administrator following the resignation of his predecessor, Bishop Emeritus Domenico Sigalini, on 31 July 2017 due to age. History Palestrina was looted in 1473. During the 17th century, the comune of Palestrina was the family territory of a number of Italian noble families including the Barberini, Colonna and d'Este families (which regularly intermarried). Members of these families are represented throughout the list of diocese Bishops, especially between 1600 and 1800. Barberini Pope Urban VIII appointed a number of relatives and close supporters to the Palestrina diocese and governmental positions. Palestrina is one of the six suburbicarian dioceses of Rome, each traditionally assigned to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
