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Ḥafṣ Ibn Albar Al-Qūtī
Hafs ibn Albar al-Qūṭī (), commonly known as al-Qūṭī or al-Qurṭubî, was a 9th–10th Century Visigothic Christian count, theologian, translator and poet, often memorialised as the 'Last of the Goths'. He was a descendant of Visigothic royalty and held a position of power over the Christians of his region. He was possibly a priest or censor,Marinas, Iván Pérez. Hafs ibn Albar al-Qûtî: el traductor mozárabe del Salterio. but many scholars take him to be a layman.Dunlop, D. M. “Ḥafṣ b. Albar: The Last of the Goths?” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, no. 3/4, 1954, pp. 137–151. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25222720. He describes himself as ignorant of the sacred sciences, and constantly allowed his works to be checked and commented on by those he called "best in their religion and a bright light in the sacred sciences", claiming that "all of them know what I do not know". He wrote in Arabic, which had then become a common lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egica
Egica, Ergica, or Egicca (''c''. 640 – 701/703), was the Visigoth King of Hispania and Septimania from 687 until his death. He was the son of Ariberga and the nephew of Wamba. Accession He was married (''c''. 680) to Cixilo (also known as Cixilona, Cioxillo, or Cixila), the daughter of his royal predecessor Erwig and wife Liuvigoto. On his deathbed on 14 November 687, Erwig confirmed Egica as his heir and sent him with the royal court to Toledo to be crowned. He was anointed on 24 November. Upon Egica's marriage to Cixilo, Erwig had made him swear an oath to protect Erwig's children. Before his death Erwig required a second oath, swearing not to deny justice to the people. Shortly after taking the throne, Egica called the Fifteenth Council of Toledo on 11 May 688, at which he claimed the two oaths were contradictory (because to do justice to the people required "harming" Erwig's children) and asked the council of bishops to release him from one or the other. Egica, however ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardo
Ardo (or ''Ardonus'', possibly short for ''Ardabastus''; died 720/721) is the last attested king of the Visigoths, reigning from 713 or 714 until his death in 720 or 721. The Visigothic Kingdom was already severely reduced in power and area at the time he succeeded Achila II, and his dominions probably did not extend beyond Septimania and present-day Catalonia, due to the Arab conquests of the previous three years. Ardo is only recorded in one Visigothic regnal list as reigning for seven years.Collins, ''Visigothic Spain'', 140. As of 716 the Arabs crossed over the Pyrenees and invaded Narbonensis, the last province under Gothic control. Over the next three years Ardo probably defended what remained of the Visigothic kingdom and he "may have gone down fighting like his predecessor" after the Arabs took Narbonne and before they conquered all that remained of the old kingdom. If Ardo is to be identified with Ardobastus, then he survived the invasion and negotiated a treaty, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patronym
A patronymic, or patronym, is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (more specifically an avonymic), or an earlier male ancestor. It is the male equivalent of a matronymic. Patronymics are used, by custom or official policy, in many countries worldwide, although elsewhere their use has been replaced by or transformed into patronymic surnames. Examples of such transformations include common English surnames such as Johnson (son of John). Origins of terms The usual noun and adjective in English is ''patronymic'', but as a noun this exists in free variation alongside ''patronym''. The first part of the word ''patronym'' comes from Greek πατήρ ''patēr'' 'father' ( GEN πατρός ''patros'' whence the combining form πατρο- ''patro''-); the second part comes from Greek ὄνυμα ''onyma'', a variant form of ὄνομα ''onoma'' 'name'. In the form ''patronymic'', this stands with the addition of the suffix -ικός ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coimbra
Coimbra (, also , , or ), officially the City of Coimbra (), is a city and a concelho, municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2021 census was 140,796, in an area of . The fourth-largest agglomerated urban area in Portugal after Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Lisbon, Porto Metropolitan Area, Porto, and Braga, it is the largest city of the Coimbra (district), district of Coimbra and the Centro Region, Portugal, Centro Region. About 460,000 people live in the Região de Coimbra, comprising 19 municipalities and extending into an area of . Among the many archaeological structures dating back to the Roman Empire, Roman era, when Coimbra was the settlement of Aeminium, are its well-preserved aqueduct (watercourse), aqueduct and cryptoporticus. Similarly, buildings from the period when Coimbra was the capital of Portugal (from 1131 to 1255) still remain. During the late Middle Ages, with its decline as the political centre of the Kingdom of Portugal, Coimbra beg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flávio Ataúlfo De Coimbra
Flávio is a Portuguese language given name, equivalent of Latin Flavius, and Italian and Spanish Flavio. The Portuguese diminutive form is Flavinho. People *Flávio da Silva Amado (1979), better known as Flávio, Angolan footballer * Antônio Flávio, Antônio Flávio Aires dos Santos (1987) Brazilian footballer * Flávio Pinto de Souza or simply Flávio (1980) Brazilian football player * Flávio Conceição (1974), Brazilian footballer *Flávio Costa (1906–1999), Brazilian footballer and manager * Espiga, nickname of Flávio Aurélio dos Santos Soares, Brazilian professional basketball player * Flávio Guimarães (1963), Brazilian blues musician * Flávio Luis da Silva, Brazilian footballer and manager *Flávio Migliaccio, Brazilian actor *Flávio Canto (1975), Brazilian judoka *Flávio (footballer, born 1985), Flávio Henrique Esteves Guedes, Brazilian football goalkeeper *Flávio Saretta, Brazilian tennis player *Flávio José, Flávio José Marcelino Remígio Brazilian singer- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qadi
A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term '' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the and played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence () and the Islamic law (), the qadi remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the qadi was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The office of qadi continued to be a very important one in every principality of the caliphates and sultanates of the various Muslim empires over the centuries. The rulers appointed a qadi in every region, town, and village for judicial and administrative cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Al-Qūṭiyya
Ibn al-Qūṭiyya (, died 6 November 977), born Muḥammad Ibn ʿUmar Ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʾIbrāhīm ibn ʿIsā ibn Muzāḥim (), also known as Abu Bakr or al-Qurtubi ("the Córdoban"), was an Andalusian historian and considered the greatest philologist at the Umayyad court of caliph Al-Hakam II. His magnum opus, the ''History of the Conquest of al-Andalus'', is one of the earliest Arabic Muslim accounts of the Islamic conquest of Spain. Life Ibn al-Qūṭiyya, whose name means "son of the Gothic woman", claimed descent from Wittiza, the last king of the united Visigoths in Spain, through a granddaughter, Sara al-Qutiyya, who travelled to Damascus and married ʿĪsā ibn Muzāḥim, an Arab client of the 10th Umayyad caliph Hisham. Sara and ʿĪsā then returned to Al-Andalus. Ibn al-Qūṭiyya was born and raised in Seville. His family was under the patronage of the Qurayshi tribe, and his father was a qāḍī (judge) in Seville and Écija. The Banu Hajjaj, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umayyad Conquest Of Hispania
The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (; 711–720s), also known as the Arab conquest of Spain, was the Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom, Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania in the early 8th century. The conquest resulted in the end of Christianity, Christian rule in most of Iberia and the establishment of Muslims, Muslim Arab world, Arab-Moors, Moorish rule in that territory, which came to be known as al-Andalus, under the Umayyad dynasty. During the caliphate of the sixth Umayyad caliph al-Walid I (), military commander Tariq ibn Ziyad departed from North Africa in early 711 to cross the Straits of Gibraltar, with a force of about 1,700 men, to launch a military expedition against the Visigothic Kingdom, Visigoth-controlled Kingdom of Toledo, Spain, Toledo, which encompassed the former territory of Roman Hispania. After defeating king Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete in July the same year, Tariq was reinforced by an Arabs, Arab force led by his s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'illustration 1862 Gravure Vue Générale De Tolède
''L'Illustration'' (; 1843–1944) was a French illustrated weekly newspaper published in Paris. It was founded by Édouard Charton with the first issue published on 4 March 1843, it became the first illustrated newspaper in France then, after 1906, the first international illustrated magazine; distributed in 150 countries. History In 1891, ''L'Illustration'' became the first French newspaper to publish a photograph. Many of these photographs came from syndicated photo-press agencies like Chusseau-Flaviens, but the publication also employed its own photographers such as Léon Gimpel and others. In 1907, ''L'Illustration'' was the first to publish a ''color'' photograph. It also published Gaston Leroux' novel ''Le mystère de la chambre jaune'' as a serial a year before its 1908 release. ''La Petite Illustration'' was the name of the supplement to ''L'Illustration'' that published fiction, plays, and other arts-related material. During the Second World War, while it was o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronicle Of Alfonso III
The ''Chronicle of Alfonso III'' () is a chronicle composed in the early tenth century on the order of King Alfonso III of León with the goal of showing the continuity between Visigothic Spain and the later Christian medieval Spain. Intended as a continuation of Isidore of Seville's history of the Goths, it is written in a late form of Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ... and outlines a history of the period from the Visigothic King Wamba through that of King Ordoño I. The Chronicle exists in two somewhat different recensions: the earlier ''Cronica Rotensis'', and the later ''Cronica ad Sebastianum'', which includes additional details furthering the ideological goals of the chronicle. References External links Latin text and Spanish translation of both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Maqqari
Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqqarī al-Tilmisānī (or al-Maḳḳarī) (), (1577-1632) was an Algerian scholar, biographer and historian who is best known for his , a compendium of the history of Al-Andalus which provided a basis for the scholarly research on the subject until the twentieth century. Life A native of Tlemcen and from a prominent intellectual family originally from the village of Maqqara, near M'sila in Algeria. After his early education in Tlemcen, al-Maqqari travelled to Fes in Morocco and then to Marrakesh, following the court of Ahmad al-Mansur. On al-Mansur's death in 1603, al-Maqqari established himself in Fes, where he was the imam of the Qarawiyyin Mosque. In 1617, he left for the East, possibly following a quarrel with the local ruler, and took up residence in Cairo, where he composed his best known work, ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb''. In 1620, he visited Jerusalem and Damascus, and made five pilgrimages over six years. At Mecca and Medina he gave popular le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wittiza
Wittiza (''Witiza'', ''Witica'', ''Witicha'', ''Vitiza'', or ''Witiges''; 687 – probably 710) was the king of the Visigoths from 694 until his death, co-ruling with his father, Egica, until 702 or 703. Joint rule Early in his reign, Egica made it clear that his intention was to secure his family in a position of power from which they could not be removed. Based on a charter dated to Egica's seventh year (November 693 to November 694) which mentions Wittiza as co-king, it is probable that Wittiza was made co-ruler in 694, even though the '' Chronicle of 754'' places the event in 698.Collins, ''Visigothic'', 108. Numismatic analysis of coinage types also supports the thesis that Wittiza ruled from 694. The raising of Wittiza to the kingship coincided with the revolt of Suniefred and may have been either its cause or effect. On 15Thompson, 249. or 24 NovemberCollins, ''Visigothic'', 109. 700, Wittiza was anointed king; this forms the last entry in the ''Chronica Regum Visigoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
